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Art 1186 Exception To The Suspensive Condition
Art 1186 Exception To The Suspensive Condition
The condition shall be deemed fulfilled when the obligor voluntarily prevents the
fulfillment of the condition
3 requisities for this article:
Condition must be suspensive
Obligor prevents fulfilment of condition
He acts voluntarily
Suspensive conditions become demandable only if the condition is fulfilled.
When the non-fulfilment of the condition can be attributed to the act of the debtor
himself.
“No fixed rule is provided but retroactivity is still applicable. Courts are empowered
by the use of sound discretion and bearing in mind the intent of the parties to
determine the retroactivity of the suspensive condition. It includes the power to
decide that the fulfillment of the condition shall have retroactive effect or from
what date it shall take effect.” To do or not to do.
Unilateral obligations-the debtor receives nothing from the creditor. There is usually
no retroactive effect because they are gratuitous.
Loss of thing thru to debtor’s fault Creditor may demand damages + incidental damages
if any
Deterioration of thing w/o debtor’s fault Creditor will have to suffer or bear the deterioration
of a certain amount that was impaired
Deterioration of thing thru debtor’s fault Creditor may choose between
A. Rescission w/ damages; the value of thing
before deterioration and incidental damages
if any
B. Fulfillment of the obligation also with
damages
Improvement of thing by nature or time Improvement shall inure to the benefit of creditor
Improvement of thing at the debtor’s expense Debtor will have the right to usufructuary w/ respect
to improvement of thing
Art 1201 choice shall produce no effect except from the time it has
been communicated
1. Effect of notice- until choice is made and communicated, obligation
remains alternative
Notice of the election has been given to the creditor, it becomes a
simple obligation
Once communicated, it cannot be changed without the consent of
either party
2. Proof and form of notice
Burden of proving that such communication has been made is
upon him who made a choice.
Art 1202 Debtor loses his right of choice where there is only one practicable
If only one is practicable, the obligation is converted into a simple one
Art 1203 if through the creditor’s acts, debtor cannot make a choice, he may rescind the
contract
The right given to the debtor to rescind the contract and recover damages, IF
THROUGH THE CREDITOR’S FAULT, he cannot make a choice according to the terms of
the obligation.
Art 1204 if through the debtor’s fault all prestations have been lost, or has
become impossible for compliance, creditor shall have the right to indemnity for
damages.
EFFECT OF LOSS OF OBJECTS OF OBLIGATION
SOME OF THE OBJECTS- if some of the objects have been lost or have
become impossible through the fault of the debtor, debtor is not liable since the debtor still
ALL OF THE OBJECTS- the creditor shall have the right to damages since the
obligation can no longer be complied with.
BASIS OF INDEMNITY
The indemnity shall be fixed taking as a basis the value of the last thing which
disappeared or service which was last became impossible.
When a thing is lost through a fortuitous event Creditor may still choose any of the things that
are still available
When a thing is lost through the debtors fault Creditor may claim the any of the things
available or the price of the item that was lost
with a right to damages
When all the things are lost through a The obligation shall be extinguished
fortuitous event
When all the things are lost through debtor’s Creditor may demand the payment of any of
fault them with a right to indemnity for damages
Note: If the debtor has the right to choose, the last thing that was lost through his fault
will be the one that will be subject to indemnity.
Solidary obligations
When the obligation expressly so states
Law requires solidarity
Nature of the obligation requires solidarity
Imposed in a final judgment against several defendants
Kinds of solidarity
According to the According to source
parties bound