CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

WAR ON DRUGS refers to the policy against the illegal drug trade in the Philippines,

initiated by the Philippine government. Illegal drugs are considered to be the cause of the

problem in the society; the present administration created this project to prevent the continuous

existence of illegal drug trade over the country. This project has two approaches, the HIGH-

VALUE TARGET, and the OPLAN TOKHANG\ OPLAN DOUBLE BARREL. On the other

hand, the war on drugs of the government experience compound problems such as Extra-judicial

killings, the breakdown of the rule of law, vigilant crimes, torture, ill-treatment and sexual

violence and detention in rehabilitation centers without trial among others.

The WAR ON DRUGS talking about to the policy against the illegal drug trade in the

philippines,started by the government of the philippines. Elicit drug or also known as illegal drug are

considered to be the most problem in the country because some of people in the society are involved on

the illegal drugs. This project created by the Duterte's Administration to stop the continuous existence of

illegal drug trade over the country. The administration project has two approaches, the HIGH-VALUE

TARGET, and the OPLAN TOKHANG/OPLAN DOUBLE BARREL. On the other hand,the war on drugs of the

government expreience compound problem such as Extra Judicial Killing,the breakdown of the rule of

law,vigilant crimes,torture,ill-treatment and sexual violence and detection in rehabilitation center

without trial among others.

 More than fifty years the world has pursued a so-called war on drugs. Its goal is to

become a world drug-free. Despite billions of dollars spent on this project, illicit drug use is

continuously up. Illicit drug today is cheaper and more accessible than ever before. Moreover,

the war on drugs has had disastrous unintended consequences, fueling the spread of violence,

human rights abuses and infectious disease in much of the world. (Lohman, 2016).

More than sixty years the world has continuous a so called war on drugs. The goal of it the world

become drug-free. On the other hand this project spent billion of dollors,illegal drugs use is continuoulsy

up. Illegal drug is inexpensive today and more approachable than ever before.

According to Jodesz Gavilan, there are different strategies of different countries in

fighting illegal drugs in which the Philippines may adopt. Portugal decriminalized low-level

possession of drugs, those found to be in possession of drugs for personal uses are not given

criminal penalties. Also, this country increased funding to help expand and improve government

programs focused on prevention, treatment, harm reduction and social reintegration, Switzerland

has also techniques in solving illegal drugs, its government was focused on therapy and harm

reduction. Under therapy individuals suffering from drug addiction are given medical and

psychological care. Harm reduction meanwhile, seeks to minimize health and social

consequences of drug consumption and abuse. And lastly, in the country of Columbia, the PNP is

focusing on convincing know drug pushers and users to surrender and change their ways.
 Remarkably, Okiestoned Toker (2016) said that war on drugs had lost the faith of the

American people. The government spends billions of dollars to criminalize the young population

for actions that harm no one. Continuing this war against illicit drugs will only lead to

strengthened black market, a disillusioned public, and a massive crime rate. The Government

should stop pouring billions of dollars into a failing effort.

The Business of illegal drugs has turned our country into a Narco-state. It is a situation

when illegal drugs has controlled government policies through bribery of government officials,

where the government officials turn a blind eye on drug trafficking, where traffickers act as a

king because they are desperate to do anything even if it is bad and illegal while the rich are safe

in their abode. In reality, drug money influence local and national officials of this country, it

controls the fate of this country. It is sad to say that those elected officials who will protect its

citizens are now protectors of this illicit trade of drugs. War on drugs in the Philippines has been

perceived to be focused only on the poor side of society as the author Sara Soliven De Guzman

has stated in one of her articles.

According to Sergeant Baddu of the PNP Cabatuan, the Municipality of Cabatuan is the

northernmost part of Isabela and considered as “land of golden grains” it has 22 barangays. On

the drug situation, twenty-two (22) barangays were drug affected there are more or less 100

surrenderees as the new administration started, at present it is all now declared as drug cleared

barangays, the police station of Cabatuan are not going to disclose confidential information about

the implementation of war on drugs to the public that affects their ongoing operation in catching

drug personalities.

Objectives
 Generally, the objective of this study aims to assess the level of implementation of War

on Drugs from July 2016 to October 2017 by the PNP Cabatuan. This study will determine the

assessment level of War on Drugs with the help of the review of related literature gathered to be

presented in the presiding chapter which will serve as the basis for this research.

Statement of Problem

1. What are the effects of the implementation o war on drugs on the citizen?

2. What are the punishment who violate or involved in war on drugs?

3.

The study propounds to determine the factors affecting the implementation of War on

Drugs by the PNP Cabatuan.

Specifically, it shall deal with the following problems:

The Level of Implementation of War on Drugs regarding:

1. Oplan Tokhang/ Oplan Double Barrel and Compliance with the procedures in apprehending

drug suspects.

2.Satisfaction of the Cabatuan citizens in the efforts given by the PNP Cabatuan in the campaign

against illegal drugs.

3. Problems encountered by the PNP Cabatuan in the campaign against illegal drugs.

The Significance of the study

The findings of this study are considered significant to the following:

To Cabatuan Police Station- The resultant perception obtained by this study concerning PNP

staff will give the Cabatuan Police Station a full understanding of the general guidelines,

procedures and their tasks in the conduct of the Philippine National Police Anti-Illegal Drugs

Campaign ”War on Drugs”.

To Surrenders- They would have a full understanding of the entire nature and scope of the War

on Drugs such that they would be able to completely appreciate the value of drug-free

municipality, understand the rationale and purpose of this project of the current administration in

partnership with the PNP and PDEA in fighting illegal drugs which are considered as the illness

of the society that needs stamp out.

To Surrenders

They would have a full knowledge and understanding of a whole nature and range of the War on Drugs

such that they would be able to completely appreciate the value of drug-free municipality,understand

the rationale and purpose of that project of the present administration in partnership with the PDEA and

PNP in preventing illegal drugs which are known as the disease of the society that have to stamp out.
To the Citizens- They would be guided as to the operational activities conducted by the

Cabatuan Police Station personnel relative to the Operations of “War on Drugs” and social

profiling furthermore, the citizens would feel safe in their home/business/work and their daily

endeavors.

The result of this study to be guided the operational activities conducted by the San Mariano Police

station personnel relative to the operations of Oplan tokhang or war on drugs and profile profiling in

addition, the citizen would feel safe in their Home/Business/School/Work and their daily routine.

To the Local Government Unit of Cabatuan-This study would provide insights to

the Local Government of the Municipality of Cabatuan, Isabela in understanding the dynamics of

“War on Drugs” in their tasks to perform specific functions/corporate responsibility/ Tangible

and Intangible Contributions/ Financial & Logistical Support for the continuity of the binding

“Project TOKHANG/DOUBLE BARREL”.

The result of this study is to provide knowledge,Understanding to the Local government of the

Municipality of San Mariano, Isabela in the understanding the war on drugs or oplan tokhang in their

task to perform certain function/responsibility

Future Researchers- They would make use this study as a reference in their conduct of studies

related to War on Drugs.

Scope and Delimitation

The scope identifies the boundaries of the study in identifying the level of performance of the

PNP in the Municipality of Cabatuan in the implementation of War on Drugs. This study is

bound to the municipality of Cabatuan, Isabela. There will be a total of 115 participants for this

research.

Scope and Delemination

The scope identifies the bounderies of the study in recognizing the preformance level of the PNP in the

municipality of San mariano in the implementation of War on Drugs. This study is tied to the municipality

of San mariano, Isabela. There will be a total of 200 participants for this research.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Cannabis refers to a tall plant with stiff, divided serrated leaves, and glandular hairs. It used to

produce hemp fiber and as a psychotropic drug also known as Marijuana.

Cocaine refers to a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can

become addicted, an addictive narcotic drug derived from coca or prepared synthetically, used as

an illegal stimulant and sometimes medically as a local anesthetic.

Drug addiction refers to the chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive

drug seeking and uses despite harmful consequences it is considered a brain disease, drugs

change the brain, change the structure and how it works.

Double Barrel refers to the Command Memorandum Circular that sets forth the general

guidelines, procedures and tasks of police offices/units/stations in the conduct of the Philippine

National Police (PNP) Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign Plan in support to the Barangay Drug

Clearing strategy of the government and the neutralization of illegal drug personalities

nationwide. This project has two approaches the first one is double barrel alpha but unfortunately

because of some irregularities in the implementation the present administration change it from

double barrel alpha to double barrel reloaded.

Drug buy-bust operation this refers to the undercover operation by narcotics detectives to catch

unsuspecting drug dealers. It is a form of entrapment legally employed by peace officers as an

effective way of apprehending drug dealers in the act of committing an offense-such police

operation has judicial sanction as long as it is carried out with due respect to constitutional and

legal safeguard ( People vs. Dulay, Gr.no. 150624, February 24, 2004)

Drug pusher refers to a person who encourages people to take up illegal drugs, and then

supplies that need for a price.

Drug user refers to a person who consumes an illegal psychoactive substance.

Drug trafficking refers to the buying and selling especially illicit trade.

Due process of law refers to the principle that the government must respect all of a person’s

legal rights instead of just some or most of those legal rights when the government deprives a

person of life, liberty, or property.

Equal protection clause refers to all persons or things similarly situated should be treated alike,

both as to rights conferred and responsibilities imposed.

Illegal drugs this refers to the substance that affects the way the body functions. If a drug is

classified as ‘illegal’ this means that it is forbidden by law. Different illegal drugs have different

effects on people, and these effects are influenced by many factors. This makes them

unpredictable and dangerous, especially for young people.

Extrajudicial killings this refers to the killing of a person by governmental authorities without

the sanction of any judicial proceedings or legal process, indiscriminate killings are not accepted

in this society.

Human rights this refers to the right that is believed to belong justifiably to every person.

Law refers to the law that applies to a particular place or especially to a particular member or

members of a class of persons or things in the same situation but not to the entire class, and that

is unconstitutional if the classification made is arbitrary or without a reasonable or legitimate

justification or basis

Methamphetamine hydrochloride refers to the colorless white crystal or crystalline powder

with a bitter numbing taste. It can be taken orally, inhaled, sniffed or injected.
Tokhang this refers to the Bisaya dialect Toktok (Knock), Hangyo (Plea)

Project Tokhang this refers to the practical and realistic means of accelerating the drive against

illegal drugs persuade suspected illegal drug personalities to stop their illegal activities. This

project was first used in Davao city at present it was adopted by the present administration and

now implemented around the Philippines.

Self-incrimination refers to the act of implicating oneself in a crime or exposing oneself to

criminal prosecution. Self- incrimination may occur as a result of interrogation or may be made

voluntary.