m~PxcÎ

iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ 2

†Pv‡Li evwji wkíiƒc 2
iPbv I bvgKiY 3
AvL¨vb 4
†cÖÿvcU I cUf~wg 6
PwiÎ 6
we‡bvw`bx 7
g‡n›`ª 8
AvkvjZv 9
wenvix 10
ivRj²x I Abœc~Y©v 11
`„wó‡KvY 11
fvlv 12
e¨eüZ D×…wZmg~n †h me MÖš’ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q 14
mnvqK MÖš’vewj 14

iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ

1
Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕi wkíiƒc wbiƒcY Kivi Av‡M Dcb¨vmwUi GKwU mswÿß cwiwPwZ †`qv
Riæwi|

Jcb¨vwmK wn‡m‡e iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Avwef©ve evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Dcb¨v‡mi Avwef©v‡ei gvÎ
evi eQi c‡i; ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi ÔKcvjKzÐjvÕ (1865) cÖKv‡ki gvÎ evi eQi c‡i, 1877
mv‡j, cÖKvwkZ nq iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii cÖ_g Dcb¨vm ÔKiæYvÕ| Z‡e KiæYv‡K Dcb¨v‡mi
Awfav w`‡Z A‡b‡KiB AvcwË Av‡Q; iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RB Dcb¨vmwU‡K cÖKvk‡hvM¨ `vwe
K‡ibwb1, fviZx‡Z avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ Dcb¨vmwU c‡i Avi MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvkI K‡ibwb|
AwaKvsk iex›`ª-Dcb¨vm mgMÖ‡ZI iex›`ªbv‡_i AcwiYZ eq‡mi GB iPbvwU ¯’vb cvq bv|

†m wn‡m‡e, ÔKiæYvÕ‡K ev` w`‡j, Jcb¨vwmK wn‡m‡e iex›`ªbv‡_i Avwef©ve Av‡iv eQi
Q‡qK c‡i, 1883 mv‡j; G eQi MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq ÔeD-VvKzivbxi nvUÕ| wØZxq
Dcb¨vm, ÔivRwl©Õ MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq 1887 mv‡j| Zvic‡iB cÖvq c‡bi-†lvj eQ‡ii
weiwZ w`‡q wZwb Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ iPbv ïiæ K‡ib| †Pv‡Li evwj MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq
1903 mv‡j| A_©vr, ÔKiæYvÕ‡K AcwiYZ ev Ac~Y©v½ Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡j,
†Pv‡Li evwj iex›`ªbv‡_i Z…Zxq Dcb¨vm| GKB mv‡_ Ôiex›`ªbv‡_i cÖ_g kw³gvb m„wóÕI
e‡U|2

W. myKzgvi †mb iex›`ª-Dcb¨vm¸‡jv‡K wZbwU fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g ¯Í‡i †i‡L‡Qb eD-
VvKzivbxi nvU I ivRwl©‡K; Zuvi g‡Z, G¸‡jv‡Z ü`qv‡e‡Mi cÖvej¨ AwaK| wØZxq ¯Í‡i
†i‡L‡Qb Avgv‡`i DwÏó Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ I Ô†bŠKvWzweÕ‡K; G¸‡jvi Kvwnwb M‡o D‡V‡Q
g~jZ †cÖg-m¤úK©‡K wfwË K‡i| Avi cieZ©x Dcb¨vm¸‡jv, Z…Zxq ¯Í‡ii Dcb¨vm¸‡jv‡Z g~jZ
fveim-B cÖavb|

Avevi, A‡kvKKzgvi wgÎ Zuvi Dcb¨vm wkíx iex›`ªbv_ MÖ‡š’ iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcb¨vm¸‡jv‡K †gvU
7wU fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb; †bŠKvWzwe Avi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ †h fv‡M
c‡o‡Q, Zvi bvg ÔAšÍØ©›Øg~jK Dcb¨vmÕ|

†Pv‡Li evwji Kvwnwb g~jZ gvbexq †cÖg-m¤úwK©Z RwUjZvi eyb‡b M‡o D‡V‡Q| Ges GB
RwUjZv mvaviY †cÖ‡gi Kvi‡Y RwUj n‡q I‡Vwb, RwUj n‡q D‡V‡Q KviY GB †cÖg ciKxqv
†cÖg| Z‡e GB †cÖg-m¤úwK©Z RwUjZvi eybbB †Pv‡Li evwji GKgvÎ Abb¨ ˆewkó¨ bq,
GKBmv‡_ GwU gb¯ÍvwË¡K ev AšÍØ©›Øg~jK Dcb¨vmI e‡U| Dcb¨vmwU‡Z iex›`ªbv_ cÖavb
Pwiθ‡jvi gb¯ÍÍË¡ we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g ÔZv‡`i Avu‡Zi K_v †ei K‡iÕ3 †`wL‡q‡Qb|

†Pv‡Li evwjÕi cwiwPwZ w`‡Z wM‡q m‡ivR e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Zuvi evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi KvjvšÍi
MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb, ÔGB Dcb¨v‡mB (†Pv‡Li evwj) wZwb (iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi) cÖ_g Dcb¨v‡mi
†ÿ‡Î mgmvgwqK mgv‡Ri cvÎ-cvÎx‡K ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ e¨envi Ki‡jb| GB Dcb¨v‡mB wZwb cÖ_g
Kvwnbxi fvi cwinvi K‡i e¨w³‡Z¡i dj¯^iƒc bvbv msKU‡K Dcb¨v‡mi welq wnmv‡e e¨envi
Ki‡jb|Õ Avevi AP©bv gRyg`vi iex›`ª-Dcb¨vm-cwiµgvq wj‡L‡Qb, ÔeDVvKzivbxi nvU I
ivRwl©‡Z NUbvi msNl©B cÖavb n‡q D‡V‡Q| wKš‘ Ò†Pv‡Li evwjÓ‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q NUbv
†MŠY, PwiÎ-msNl©B gyL¨|Õ

Dcb¨vmwUi AvL¨vb I Avw½‡Ki w`‡K jÿ¨ Ki‡jI GB gšÍe¨ `yÕwUi mg_©bB wgj‡e- †Pv‡Li
evwj‡Z Pwiθ‡jvi cvi¯úwiK I AšÍM©Z Ø›ØB cÖavb, Kvwnwb ev †Kvb wbw`©ó PwiÎ bq|
†Pv‡Li evwji wkíiƒc Av‡jvPbv Kivi mgq GB Z_¨wUI gv_vq ivLv Riæwi|

2
†Pv‡Li evwji wkíiƒc
Dcb¨v‡mi wkíiƒc ev wkímvdj¨ mvaviYZ K‡qKwU wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i; Dcb¨v‡mi me‡P‡q
¸iæZ¡c~Y© `yÕwU Dcv`vb- AvL¨vb ev Kvwnwb I PwiÎ| Avi ZvB wkíiƒc wbiƒc‡YI me‡P‡q
¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V GB `yÕwU Dcv`vb| cvkvcvwk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bvg, †cÖÿvcU, cUf~wg,
`„wófw½i e¨envi, wewfbœ cwiPh©vi cÖ‡qvM, eY©bvq wewfbœ ixwZi cÖ‡qvM, Dcgv-
Dr‡cÖÿv-AjsKv‡ii e¨envi BZ¨vw`| GQvovI †jLK cÖvqkB AvL¨vb eY©bvq wewfbœ †KŠkj ev
Uzjm e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb| Dcb¨v‡mi wkíiƒc we‡køl‡Y GB me wKQzB wePvh©|

Z‡e, Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, †Pv‡Li evwj †Kvb AvL¨vbag©x Dcb¨vm bq; eis Pwiθ‡jvi gb¯ÍË¡
we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Avu‡Zi K_v †ei K‡i AvbvB wQj iex›`ªbv‡_i D‡Ïk¨| myZivs, wbw`©ó
K‡i †Pv‡Li evwji wkíiƒc wbiƒcY Ki‡Z †M‡j, Pwiθ‡jvi e¨e‡”Q`B me‡P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
n‡q `uvovq|

wb‡P ch©vqµ‡g †Pv‡Li evwj Dcb¨vmwUi AvL¨vb, PwiÎ, bvgKiY, †cÖÿvcU, cUf~wg,
`„wófw½i e¨envi, wewfbœ cwiPh©vi cÖ‡qvM, eY©bvq wewfbœ ixwZi cÖ‡qvM, Dcgv-
Dr‡cÖÿv-AjsKv‡ii e¨envi BZ¨vw` we‡kølY Kivi gva¨‡g Dcb¨vmwUi wkíiƒc wbiƒc‡Yi cÖqvm
cvIqv †Mj|

iPbv I bvgKiY
†Pv‡Li evwj iPbv cÖm‡½ iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RB ¯^we‡ivax K_v e‡j‡Qb| GKevi e‡j‡Qb,
Ôe½`k©‡bi bech©vq †ei Ki‡jb kÖxkP›`ª (`vm)| Avgvi bvg †hvRbv Kiv nj, Zv‡Z Avgvi cÖmbœ
g‡bi mg_©b wQj bv| ... Avgvi g‡b Dc‡iva-Aby‡iv‡ai Ø›Ø †hLv‡bB N‡U‡Q, †mLv‡b cÖvqB
Avwg Rqjvf Ki‡Z cvwi wb, Gev‡iI ZvB nj|Õ4 A_©vr, e½`k©‡bi Pvwn`v †gUv‡ZB
avivevwnKfv‡e wjL‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb †Pv‡Li evwj| Aek¨ †mB GKB RvqMvq wZwb Av‡iv
wj‡L‡Qb, Ôe¯‘Z digvk G‡mwQj evB‡i †_‡K| Gi c~‡e© gnvKvq Mí m„wó‡Z nvZ w`B wb|
†Qv‡Uv M‡íi Déve„wó K‡iwQ| wVK Ki‡Z nj, GeviKvi Mí evbv‡Z n‡e G hy‡Mi KviLvbv-
N‡i|Õ me wgwj‡q, g‡b n‡Z cv‡i A‡bKUv AvKw¯§Kfv‡eB wZwb †Pv‡Li evwj iPbv K‡ib|

Avevi wkjvB`n †_‡K †jLv GKwU I AÁvZ ¯’vb †_‡K †jLv Av‡iKwU wPwV‡Z wcÖqbv_
†mb‡K wZwb hv wj‡L‡Qb, Zv‡Z eis D‡ëvUvB cÖwZfvZ nq, Ô†jLv m¤^‡Ü b`xi Dcgv Lv‡U
bv- hw` LvUZ Zv n‡j Avgvi †mB we‡bvw`bxi my`xN© KvwnbxwU GZw`‡b LvZvi g‡a¨ †kl
n‡q _vKZ|Õ Ôwe‡bvw`bx wjL‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡iwQ- wKš‘ Zvi Dc‡i fviZx Ges e½`k©b Df‡qB
`„wó w`‡q‡Qb|Õ

†`Lv hv‡”Q, e½`k©‡bi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z AvKw¯§Kfv‡e †Zv bqB, eis GKUv `xN© cÖ¯‘wZ I
cwiKíbvi djkÖæwZ‡ZB Dcb¨vm AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q †Pv‡Li evwj| Ges, Dcb¨vmwUi †h
PwiÎwU iex›`ªbv_‡K me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvwoZ K‡i‡Q, wKsev †h PwiÎwU‡K wN‡i iex›`ªbv_
Dcb¨vmwU M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb, †mwU we‡bvw`bx-B| ev¯ÍweKB, Dcb¨vmwU †_‡K we‡bvw`bx‡K
mwi‡q wb‡j RwUj †Kvb RwUjZvi eybb m„wó nIqvi †Zgb †Kvb AeKvkB Avi _v‡K bv; †Kej
g‡n›`ª Avi wenvixi eÜz‡Z¡ dvUj aiv Qvov|

Av‡iKwU Z_¨ GLv‡b jÿ¨Yxq, cÖv_wgKfv‡e iex›`ªbv_ Dcb¨vmwU‡K Ôwe‡bvw`bxÕ bv‡g

AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| m¤¢eZ, cÖv_wgKfv‡e wZwb Dcb¨vmwUi bvg iv‡Lb we‡bvw`bx| c‡i bvg
e`‡j K‡ib †Pv‡Li evwj| GLb cÖkœ nj, †Kb iex›`ªbv_ cvÐzwjwci bvgUv c‡i cv‡ë w`‡jb? cv‡ë
bvnq w`‡jb, wKš‘ †Pv‡Li evwj bvgKiYUv Kx mv_©K n‡q‡Q?

3
A‡kvKKzgvi wgÎ Aek¨ †Pv‡Li evwj bvgKiY‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb,
Dcb¨vmwU‡Z ÔcÖvq cÖwZwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© PwiÎB †Kvb bv †Kvb m~‡Î G‡K A‡b¨i †Pv‡Li
evwj n‡q D‡V‡Q|Õ5 Dcb¨vmwUi cÖwZwU PwiÎB NUbvcÖev‡n ci¯úi ؇›`¦ Rwo‡q c‡o‡Q|
cÖwµqvUv‡K D‡ëv K‡i ej‡jB eis mwVK nq, Pwiθ‡jvi ci¯úi ؇›Ø Rwo‡q covi ga¨ w`‡qB
Dcb¨vmwUi NUbv GwM‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z, my‡Li msmv‡i ivRjÿ¥x Abœc~Y©vi mv‡_ A‡nZzK
؇›Ø Rwo‡q c‡o, Abœc~Y©v ivRj²xi †Pv‡Li evwj n‡q I‡V| Avevi, g‡n‡›`ªi mv‡_ we‡qi c‡i,
g‡n‡›`ªi wbj©¾ †cÖgjxjvq, Ges wKQzUv ivRj²xi evjwLj¨Zvq, mijv AvkvI ivRjÿ¥xi †Pv‡Li
evwj n‡q I‡V| we‡bvw`bx Avkvi msmv‡i Av¸b jvwM‡q †hgb wb‡R AvÿwiK A‡_©B Avkvi
†Pv‡Li evwj n‡q I‡V, †Zgwb g‡n›`ª I wenvix‡KI ci¯ú‡ii †Pv‡Li evwj K‡i †Zv‡j| Gfv‡e
cÖwZwU PwiÎB ax‡i ax‡i G‡K A‡b¨i †Pv‡Li evwj n‡q I‡V|

iex›`ªbv_ ïayB GKRb AmvaviY K_vwkíx wQ‡jb bv, wZwb ayiÜiI wQ‡jb| Avi ZvB
Dcb¨vmwUi bvgKi‡Y wZwb †kø‡li e¨envi K‡i‡Qb, Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ kãeÜwU GLv‡b †kø‡li
mv_©K cÖ‡qvM; †Pv‡Li evwj bvgwU ب_©‡evaK| Avi GB ب_©‡evaKZv ˆZwii Rb¨ wZwb
wKQzUv †KŠk‡ji AvkÖq MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| ZLb bvixiv mLx cvZv‡bvi mgq Zv‡`i eÜz‡Z¡i
GKUv we‡kl bvgKiY Ki‡Zv; `yj©f n‡jI GL‡bv †h Zv †`Lv hvq bv, Zv bq| Avkv I we‡bvw`bx
hLb mLx cvZvq, Avkv Zv‡`i eÜz‡Z¡i bvgKiY Ki‡Z Pvq eKzjdzj, M½vRj; wKš‘ we‡bvw`bx,
nq‡Zv D‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Zfv‡eB Zv‡`i mLx‡Z¡i bvg †`q †Pv‡Li evwj; †m †hb Av‡MB Avkvi
Kv‡Q †NvlYv w`‡q iv‡L, Avwg †Zvgvi †Pv‡Li evwj n‡ZB G‡mwQ| AP©bv gRyg`vi iex›`ª-
Dcb¨vm-cwiµgvq wj‡L‡Qb, Ô†h †mŠfvM¨ †_‡K †m wb‡R ewÂZ, Avkv‡K Zvi AwaKvix n‡Z
†`‡L cÖ_g †_‡KB Zvi g‡b GKUv Cl©v †R‡MwQj| †m †h Avkvi ïfvKv•ÿx bq, G K_v †m †hb
Rvbv‡Z †P‡q‡Q Avkvi m‡½ †Pv‡Li evwji m¤úK© cvwZ‡q| ... †h-wenvixi kÖ×vq we‡bvw`bxi
gb cwiewZ©Z nj Ges hvi fv‡jvevmvq †m wb‡Ri AkvšÍ gb‡K kvšÍ Ki‡Z PvBj, †mI †h Avkv‡K
fv‡jvev‡m, GB wb`viæY Kíbv Zv‡K †e`bvq Aw¯’i K‡i Zz‡jwQj| ZvB Avkvi Pig me©bvk Kivi
Rb¨B †m g‡n›`ª‡K M„nZ¨v‡M cÖe„Ë Ki‡j| ... we‡bvw`bxB †h Avkvi Rxe‡bi kwb, mg¯Í
Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ w`‡qB Zv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|Õ

GKBmv‡_, GB †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g Av‡Mi bvgwUI envj _vK‡jv; Ôwe‡bvw`bxÕ bvgwU GK

A‡_© †_‡K †Mj| Dcb¨vmwU covi ci †Pv‡Li evwj ej‡Z cvV‡Ki †Pv‡L we‡bvw`bxi gyLwUB
†f‡m I‡V; Avkv-g‡n‡›`ªi eûj D”Pvi‡Y †Pv‡Li evwj ej‡Z cvVK we‡bvw`bx‡KB †ev‡S| me
wgwj‡q, Dcb¨vmwUi Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ bvgKiYwU ïay mv_©KB bq, KzkjxI e‡U| GiKg mv_©K
†kø‡li cÖ‡qv‡M Dcb¨v‡mi bvgKiY Gi Av‡M evsjvq n‡q‡Q wKbv m‡›`n|

AvL¨vb
†Pv‡Li evwji Kvwnwb ev AvL¨vb †gvU 55wU Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z| cÖ_g 54wU Aa¨vq msL¨v
Øviv wPwýZ n‡jI, 55 msL¨K Aa¨vqwU msL¨v Øviv bq, Ô†klÕ bv‡g wPwýZ| Aek¨ Dcb¨vmwUi
AvL¨vb Av‡jvPbvi c~‡e© G‡Kev‡iB ms‡ÿ‡c Dcb¨vmwUi AvL¨vbfvMwU eY©bv Kiv `iKvi|
mywPÎv cvj Zuvi iex›`ª Dcb¨v‡mi cvVvšÍi MÖ‡š’ AvL¨vbfvMwU‡K LyeB ms‡ÿ‡c my›`i K‡i
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb; cÖ‡qvR‡bi wbwi‡L h_v_© e‡j GLv‡b ZvB D×…Z Kiv nj-

Ômy‡Li msmvi- g‡n›`ª-Avkvi| †m msmv‡i G‡jv weaev we‡bvw`bx| M„nKΩx ivRj²xi

cÖkÖ‡q cÖvq M„nKΩx n‡q| we‡bvw`bx G M„‡n G‡mB Zvi †gvwnbxiƒ‡c, †mev ¸‡Y
Ges myD”P iæwP‡ev‡a wb‡R‡K Ggb GK D”PZvq Zz‡j a‡i †h Zvi m‡½ eÜz‡Z¡i Rb¨
e¨vKzj n‡q I‡V Avmb (Avmj) M„nKΩx Avkv| Ggb wK g‡n›`ªI| ZvB Aívqv‡mB
we‡bvw`bx Zv‡`i `yÕR‡b gv‡S RvqMv K‡i †bq wcÖq eÜzi g‡Zv, wcÖq mv_xi
QÙ‡e‡k| axi c`‡ÿ‡c A_P w¯’i AwePwjZ cwiKíbvi (cwiKíbvq) †m Avkv-g‡n‡›`ªi g‡a¨

4
 cÖvq-we‡”Q` NwU‡q †`q| wenvixi n¯Í‡ÿ‡c †m mgm¨v †kl ch©šÍ †g‡U| we‡bvw`bx P‡j
hvq Kvkx‡Z kvšÍ w¯œ» n‡q|Õ

†evSvB hv‡”Q, Dcb¨vmwUi AvL¨vb †gv‡UI mij bq; Z‡e AvL¨vbwUi eY©bv G‡Kev‡iB mij,
FRy, GK‰iwLK| Dciš‘, Dcb¨vmwU‡Z iex›`ªbv‡_i g~j D‡Ïk¨ AvL¨vb eY©bv wQj bv; wZwb
eis NUbvi NvZ-cÖwZNv‡Z Pwiθ‡jvi gvb‡m m„ó wµqv-cÖwZwµqv, ivM-AbyivM-weivM Z_v
Pwiθ‡jvi gvbmwe‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| d‡j AvL¨vb eY©bv Dcb¨vmwU‡Z †Zgb ¸iæZ¡ cvqwb| Dciš‘,
AvL¨vbB Pwiθ‡jvi Abycš’x n‡q‡Q| ÔcÖK…Zc‡ÿ, gvbe¯^fv‡ei AgxgvswmZ ¯Í‡ii Abym~²
RwUjZvi iƒcv¼b-Awbevh©Zv Øviv Ò†Pv‡Li evwjÓi NUbvweb¨vm, wbqwš¿Z I kvwmZ|Õ6

Avevi, Pwi‡Îi g‡bvRMZ we‡kølY gyL¨ n‡q IVvq, AvL¨vbwUi MwZI †ek gš’i n‡q †M‡Q| ˆmq`
AvKig †nv‡mb Zuvi iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcb¨vm : †PZbv‡jvK I wkíiƒc MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb, Ôwenvix-
we‡bvw`bx-g‡n‡›`ªi ¸nvwqZ wewPÎ ¯Íim¼zj cÖe„wË-wbe„wË D‡b¥vP‡bi R‡b¨, iex›`ªbv_
Kvh©-KviYZvwË¡K we‡køl‡Yi c‡_ AMÖmi n‡q‡Qb, d‡j NUbv‡¯ªvZ Awbevh©fv‡e n‡q
D‡V‡Q gš’i|Õ

eyׇ`e emy Dcb¨vmwUi mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q AeÜzi AvL¨vbfv‡Mi c‡iB e‡j‡Qb,
AvL¨vbfv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbvewj AZ¨šÍ mswÿß eY©bvq †m‡i †`qv; Ô`xN© cÖZxÿvi ci
Gjvnvev‡`i evMvbevwo‡Z we‡bvw`bx Avi wenvixi mvÿvr, wenvixi KjKvZvi evmvq
AwfmvwiKv we‡bvw`bxi cÖZ¨vL¨vb, ... GB iKg NUbv¸wjI K‡qKwU gvÎ mvaviY K_vq e‡j
†`qv n‡q‡Q, †Kv‡bv we¯Ívi †bB, ew¼gv †bB, we¯§qI †bB|Õ7 Gi DËi `yBwU; cÖ_gZ, GwUB
†jLK iex›`ªbv‡_i ¯^fve| Ô¸iæZi NUbvmg~‡ni web¨v‡m iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi K_vmvwn‡Z¨ me©ÎB
¯^ífvlx I †¯‹Pag©x; msNwUZ NUbvi cieZ©x gvbmwµqvi we¯Í…Z we‡køl‡Y, we¯§qKi
wPÎKím„R‡b I Ae¨_© cÖZxK-D™¢ve‡b wZwb cÖ‡qvM-wbcyY|Õ8 Avi wØZxqZ,
Dcb¨vmwU‡Z iex›`ªbv‡_i D‡Ïk¨B nj, Pwiθ‡jvi Avu‡Zi Lei †ei Kiv| wZwb wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb,
Ômvwn‡Z¨i be ch©v‡qi c×wZ n‡”Q NUbv ci¤úivi weeiY †`Iqv bq, we‡kølY K‡i Zv‡`i Avu‡Zi
K_v †ei K‡i †`Lv‡bv| †mB c×wZB †`Lv w`j †Pv‡Li evwj‡Z|Õ9 A_©vr, Dcb¨vmwU
weeiYvZ¥K bq, eis we‡kølYvZ¥K| m½Z Kvi‡YB, †m Dcb¨v‡m NUbvi we¯Í…Z ew¼gv
we¯§qvwff~Z eY©bv w`‡q wZwb D‡Ïk¨P~¨Z n‡ZI Pvbwb, †g`I Rgv‡Z Pvbwb| †hgb, KjKvZvq
g‡n‡›`ªi evmvq we‡bvw`bxi AvMgb Dcb¨vmwUi AvL¨v‡b RwUjZv m„wói Pvwe-NUbv (key-
factor)| wKš‘ Dcb¨v‡m iex›`ªbv_ NUbvwUi weeiY w`‡q‡Qb LyeB ms‡ÿ‡c-

ÔivRjÿx eywS‡jb, G-wPwV wenvix-B wjLvBqv‡QÑ wKš‘ Zey Avi _vwK‡Z cvwi‡jb
bv| m‡½ we‡bvw`bx Avwmj|Õ

Dcb¨v‡mi GB Pvwe-NUbv¸‡jv (key-factor) cÖvqB bvUKxq, A‡bK mgq AwZbvUKxq-I|

AwaKvsk mgqB AwZ-ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Ki‡jI, ÔGai‡bi bvUKxqZvi cÖvPzh© Pwi‡Îi
AšÍi©nm¨‡f‡` wKQz e¨vNvZ m„wó K‡iÕ10| Lye m¤¢eZ, ew¼gP‡›`ªi †ivg¨vÝ-cov cvVK‡`i
K_v wPšÍv K‡iB iex›`ªbv_ Ggwb bvUKxqZvi AvkÖq wb‡qwQ‡jb| eyׇ`e emy Aek¨ GB
bvUKxqZvi Awf‡hvM XvjvIfv‡e iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcb¨v‡mi weiæ‡×B K‡i‡Qb; Ab¨vb¨ Dcb¨v‡m
Zuvi cÖgvYI †g‡j| Z‡e `y-GKUv e¨wZµg Qvov †Pv‡Li evwji bvUKxqZv¸‡jv †Zgb cxov`vqK
bq; †Kej wenvix‡K †jLv we‡bvw`bxi cÖwZwU wPwV-B g‡n‡›`ªi nv‡Z cov, Avi Gjvnvev‡`
bv-†cŠuQv‡bv wPwVi ev· †_‡K wenvixi mv‡eK wVKvbv cÖvw߇ZB GKUz LUKv jv‡M|

Dcb¨vmwUi AvL¨v‡b I Avw½‡K A‡b‡KB Ôwele„ÿÕi cÖfve jÿ¨ K‡i‡Qb; iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RI †m
Bw½Z w`‡q‡Qb m~Pbvs‡k- ÔAvgiv GK`v e½`k©‡b wele„ÿ Dcb¨v‡mi im m‡¤¢vM

5
K‡iwQ|Õ11 Z‡e wele„‡ÿi cybive„wËi m¤¢vebv c‡i wb‡RB bvKP K‡i w`‡q‡Qb, Ôc‡i †mB
e½`k©b‡K bech©v‡q †U‡b Avbv †h‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ †mB cÖ_g cvjvi cybive„wË n‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ12
KviY, ÔkqZv‡bi nv‡Z wele„‡ÿi Pvl ZL‡bv nZ GL‡bv nq, Z‡e wKbv Zvi †ÿÎ Avjv`v, AšÍZ
M‡íi GjvKvi g‡a¨|Õ13 ZviciI, †Pv‡Li evwj‡Z wele„‡ÿi GKUv cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq-B|
A‡kvKKzgvi wgÎ Zv †`‡L‡Qb ÔAšÍZ wZbwU †ÿ‡Î- welqe¯‘i †ÿ‡Î, iPbvfw½i †ÿ‡Î Ges wele„ÿ
Dcb¨v‡mi bvg bvbv cÖm‡½ D‡jø‡Li †ÿ‡Î|Õ

mgv‡Ri AšÍØ©›Ø ZxeªZi I RwUjZi K‡i cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ Dcb¨v‡m Ôweaev Pwi‡Îi Avg`vwbÕ
†ek Kvh©Ki| ew¼gP›`ª Zuvi `yBwU Dcb¨v‡m (wele„ÿ I K…òKv‡šÍi DBj) GB †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM
K‡i‡Qb| Avi iex›`ªbv_ †Pv‡Li evwj‡Z ew¼‡gi GB †KŠkj‡KB AbymiY K‡i‡Qb; weaev
we‡bvw`bx‡K w`‡qB AvL¨vb‡K RwUj K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| weaev Avg`vwbi welqwU‡K Bw½Z K‡i
wek¦cwZ †PŠayix e‡j‡Qb, ÔG K_v iex›`ªbv_I eywSqvwQ‡jb, ZvB wZwb Zvnvi cÖ_g
gb¯ÍË¡g~jK Dcb¨vm †Pv‡Li evwji g‡a¨ weaev Pwi‡Îi Avg`vbx Kwi‡Z fz‡jb bvB|Õ wZwb
Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔiPbvfw½ Ges cøU web¨v‡mi w`K nB‡Z hZ cv_©K¨B _vKzK bv †Kb, g~j
welqe¯‘i w`K nB‡Z wele„ÿ Ges †Pv‡Li evwji g‡a¨ †h GKwU ¯úó wgj iwnqv‡Q, Zvnv
A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|Õ

cøUweb¨v‡m, iPbvfw½‡Z, GgbwK PwiÎweb¨v‡m mvhyR¨I cÖvq me mgv‡jvPKB ¯^xKvi

K‡i‡Qb| cÖm½Z D‡jøL¨, iPbvfw½‡Z mvhyR¨ ¯^xKvi Ki‡j m‡½ GUvI †g‡b wb‡Z nq, †m‡ÿ‡Î
ew¼‡gi †m iPbvixwZ‡K iex›`ªbv_ GB Dcb¨v‡mB mv_©Kfv‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb| Z‡e
g~j welqe¯‘‡Z mvhyR¨ ej‡j, Zv‡Z m½ZKvi‡YB AvcwË I‡V| ˆmq` AvKig †nv‡mb Zv, hv‡K
e‡j †Pv‡L AvOzj w`‡q †`wL‡q w`‡q‡Qb, ÔAvcvZ`„wó‡Z Ò†Pv‡Li evwjÓi m‡½ Òwele„ÿÓ I
ÒK…òKv‡šÍi DB‡jÓi NUbvMZ mv`„k¨ Luy‡R cvIqv m¤¢e| ... cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, G¸wj Rxe‡bi
DcwiZ‡ji mv`„k¨ gvÎ| ... Dcb¨v‡mi NUbvsk Avi welqe¯‘ mgv_©K bq| ... Kvh©Zt ew¼gP›`ª
†hLv‡b bxwZ‡ev‡a D‡ØvwaZ, iex›`ªbv_ †mLv‡b e¨w³‡Z¡i ˆewP‡Î¨ kÖ×vkxj| ... ew¼gP›`ª
†hLv‡b Mvn©¯’¨ †ivg¨vÝ iPbvq cÖvwYZ, iex›`ªbv_ †mLv‡b ev¯Íe¯úk©x e¨w³‡Z¡i RwUjZg
wµqv-cÖwZwµqv D`&NvU‡b w¯’Zax|Õ

Avevi A‡kvKKzgvi wgÎ †`wL‡q‡Qb, iex›`ªbv_ †Pv‡Li evwj‡Z wZbevi ew¼gP‡›`ªi

Ôwele„‡ÿÕi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, wZbeviB Zvrch©c~Y© Kvi‡Y| cÖ_gevi, we‡bvw`bxi gvÎ
Avwef©veKv‡j, wenvix-g‡n›`ª AvjvcKv‡j wele„‡ÿi D‡jøL K‡i; wenvix we‡bvw`bxi
Avwef©ve‡K †kølf‡i ÔwØZxq wele„ÿÕ e‡j D‡jøL K‡i| wØZxqevi g‡n›`ª-we‡bvw`bx
we‡bvw`bxi co‡Z-_vKv-eB wb‡q nvZvnvwZ K‡i, ÔA‡bKÿY nvZvnvwZ KvovKvwoi ci civf~Z
we‡bvw`bxi AÂj nB‡Z g‡n›`ª eBLvwb wQbvBqv jBqv †`wLj Òwele„ÿÓÕ| Avi Z…Zxqevi
wele„‡ÿi D‡jøL N‡U‡Q Gfv‡e- ÔKvwjKvi KvovKvwo Kiv †mB wele„ÿLvwb wb‡Pi weQvbvq
cwoqv Av‡Q|Õ ejv evûj¨, †k‡lv³ `yBevi wele„‡ÿi D‡jøL iƒcKvkÖqx; wØZxqUvq wele„ÿ †ivcY
cÖwµqvaxb, Z…Zxqev‡i wele„ÿ †ivcY P~ovšÍ nIqvi K_vB e‡j‡Qb iex›`ªbv_|

iex›`ªbv_ AvL¨vb eY©bvq Av‡iv GKwU Zvrch©c~Y© †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb- c‡Îi e¨envi|
Dcb¨v‡m †gvU †ZiwU c‡Îi D‡jøL Av‡Q; g‡n‡›`ªi wZbwU (GKwU bv cvwV‡qB wQu‡o †d‡j,
†m wn‡m‡e PviwU), Avkvi Ges we‡bvw`bxi cuvPwU K‡i| GB wPwV¸‡jv Kvwnwbi RwUjZv
m„wó‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q; ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, G¸‡jv Kvwnwbi RwUjZv wbg©v‡Yi
cÖfveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q|

Avkv‡K w`‡q g‡n›`ª‡K wPwV cvwV‡q we‡bvw`bx wb‡RB g‡n›`ª‡K wPwV cvVv‡bvi
KvRwU †m‡i wb‡q‡Q, g‡n›`ªI eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q wPwV¸‡jv Avm‡j we‡bvw`bxiB fvl¨; G‡Z

6
g‡n›`ª-we‡bvw`bxi m¤úK© cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Q| Avevi, wenvix‡K †jLv we‡bvw`bxi wPwV¸‡jvi
meKÕwU c‡o‡Q g‡n‡›`ªi nv‡Z, NUbvwU AwZbvUKxq n‡jI, Zv Kvwnwb‡K RwUjZi K‡i
Zz‡j‡Q| g‡n‡›`ªi wPwV¸‡jvI Kvwnwb‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© euvKe`j NwU‡q‡Q| wenvix‡K †jLv Zvi
cÖ_g wPwVwU ivRj²x‡K DØy× K‡i‡Q we‡bvw`bx‡K Avkvi cÖwZcÿ wn‡m‡e KjKvZvq
wb‡q Avm‡Z| Zvi wØZxq wPwV †jLvi NUbvwU †ek bvUKxq; iv‡Z †jLv wPwV g‡n›`ª mKv‡j
Ôb‡fwj e¨vcviÕ e‡j wQu‡o †d‡j, e`‡j †j‡L GKUv wbwe©l wPwV| Z…Zxq wPwVwU Av‡iv
¸iæZ¡c~Y©; Amy¯’ DwØMœ gv hLb wb‡LuvR cy‡Îi Dci Awfgvbx n‡q D‡V‡Q, ZLb †mB
wPwVwU G‡m †f‡O †`q hyMcZ Avkvi †kl AvkÖq I gv‡qi ü`q|

†gvÏv K_v n‡jv, Dcb¨vmwU AvL¨vb‡K›`ªxK bv n‡q Pwi·K›`ªxK nIqvq, Gi wkíiƒc we‡køl‡YI
AvL¨vb-we‡køl‡Yi †P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q D‡V‡Q Gi PwiÎ-we‡kølY; Pwiθ‡jvi g‡bvRMZ
we‡kølY ev gb¯ÍvwË¡K we‡køl‡Y iex›`ªbv‡_i mdjZvB Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕi wkímdjZv wbiƒcY
Ki‡e|

†cÖÿvcU I cUf~wg
mvaviYZ Dcb¨v‡mi wkíiƒc we‡køl‡Y †cÖÿvcU I cUf~wgI we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i| we‡klZ,
†cÖÿvcU I cUf~wg Pqb Ges Dcb¨v‡m †m¸‡jvi h_v_©Zv, †cÖÿvcU I cUf~wg iƒcvqY cÖf…wZ
Dcb¨v‡mi wkíiƒc we‡køl‡Y ¸iæZ¡en| †Pv‡Li evwj G w`K w`‡qI e¨wZµg; KviY †mB GKB,
GwU Pwi·K›`ªxK Dcb¨vm, PwiÎ-B GLv‡b gyL¨ f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q; Avi ZvB †cÖÿvcU I
cUf~wg wbZvšÍB †MŠY n‡q †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|

Dcb¨vmwUi †cÿvcU Dwbk kZKxq, Z‡e Pwiθ‡jv wVK Dwbk kZK‡K aviY K‡i bv| we‡kl K‡i,
we‡bvw`bx PwiÎwU Dwbk kZ‡Ki Zzjbvq †ek wecøevZ¥K; Ges †mB mg‡q †Kvb wcZv Zvi
Kb¨v‡K wkwÿZ K‡i Zzj‡e, A_P Zv‡K we‡q w`‡Z fz‡j hv‡e, Zv †ek we¯§qKi| cwimsL¨v‡bi
mvnvh¨ wb‡j †`Lv hvq, AvVvi kZ‡Ki †kl gyû‡Z©I †MvUv evsjv‡ZB D”PwkwÿZ bvix
G‡Kev‡iB nv‡Z †Mvbv; Ges †h KqRb bvix D”Pwkÿvi ˆeZiYx cvi n‡q‡Qb, Zviv †KD-B wn›`y
bb, eªvþ bq‡Zv wLª÷vb| ˆngšÍx M‡íI GKB NUbv †`Lv hvq; Z‡e ˆngšÍx cwð‡g e‡ov nIqvq Zv
A‡ZvUvI LUKv RvMvq bv| Z‡e, Dcb¨vmwU cv‡V ev we‡køl‡Y, †cÖÿvcU †Zgb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
n‡q I‡Vwb; iex›`ªbv_B †cÖÿvcU‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡i †Zv‡jbwb, Zuvi D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi Rb¨, Z_v
Pwiθ‡jvi gb¯ÍË¡ we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ Zv Acwinvh© wQj bv e‡jB|

GKB K_v cÖ‡hvR¨ cUf~wgi †ÿ‡ÎI| ZvB cUf~wg¸‡jvi †KejB bvg †kvbv hvq, †m¸‡jvi c„_K
†Kvb wPÎ cvV‡Ki gvbmc‡U †R‡M I‡V bv| Dcb¨vmwUi g~j cUf~wg KjKvZv, †K›`ªwe›`y
g‡n‡›`ªi evwo KjKvZvq| g‡n‡›`ªi eÜz wenvixi evwo Avi cUjWvOvi g‡n‡›`ªi evwo‡ZI
Dcb¨vmwUi wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv msNwUZ n‡q‡Q| GQvov evivmZ, Gjvnvev` Avi KvkxI
¸iæZ¡c~Y©; evivmZ ivRj²xi evwo, we‡bvw`bxi we‡q Ges ˆeae¨-evmI †mLv‡bB, †mLvb †_‡KB
ivRj²x Zv‡K KjKvZvq wb‡q G‡m Kvwnwbi RwUjZvi MÖwš’-D‡b¥vPb K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K,
msmv‡ii kvwšÍiÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Abœc~Y©v KjKvZv †Q‡o cvwo Rgvb Kvkx‡Z| wech©¯Í Avkv g‡b
kvwšÍi †Luv‡R cvwo Rgvq Kvkx‡Z, Abœc~Y©vi Kv‡Q| Avevi, we‡bvw`bx Rxe‡bi †kl w`b¸wj
KvUv‡Z Kvkx‡Z Abœc~Y©vi Kv‡QB hvq| Avi Dcb¨v‡mi bvUKxqZg NUbvi msNUb
Gjvnvev‡`; wPwVi ev‡· bv-†cŠuQv‡bv wPwV †_‡K we‡bvw`bx KZ©„K wenvixi wVKvbv-
cÖvwß|

PwiÎ
c~‡e©B D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, †Pv‡Li evwj g~jZ PwiÎ-cÖavb iPbv; NUbvi NvZ-cÖwZNv‡Z
Pwiθ‡jvi gb¯ÍvwË¡K we‡kølYB GLv‡b iex›`ªbv‡_i Awš^ó wQj| Avi ZvB, NUbvi weei‡Yi

7
†P‡q PwiÎ-we‡kølYB GLv‡b †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †c‡q‡Q| myZivs, Dcb¨vmwUi wkíiƒc we‡køl‡YI
PwiÎ we‡kølYB AwaK ¸iæ‡Z¡i `vex`vi; PwiÎ we‡køl‡Y mdjZvB Dcb¨vmwUi wkímdjZvi
P~ovšÍ gvcKvwV|

Dcb¨vmwUi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ PviwU- g‡n›`ª, we‡bvw`bx, Avkv I wenvix| bvqK-bvwqKv wn‡m‡e
†e‡Q wb‡Z n‡j, g‡n›`ª I Avkv‡KB †e‡Q wb‡Z nq; Z‡e Zv Kvg¨ bq| Dcb¨vmwUi cÖK…wZ-B
Ggb, Gi bvqK-bvwqKv wbe©vPb h_v_© ev DwPZ e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq bv| Z‡e cÖavb PwiÎ
wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡j, we‡bvw`bx‡KB †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e; KviY, AvL¨v‡bi mKj RwUjZvi MÖwš’-
D‡b¥vPb I MÖwš’‡gvPb- `yÕ‡UvB we‡bvw`bxi AvMgb I cÖZ¨vMg‡bi gva¨‡gB N‡U‡Q|

GQvov Dcb¨v‡m Av‡iv `yÕwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© PwiÎ i‡q‡Q- ivRj²x I Abœc~Y©v| Zv‡`i ¸iæZ¡I
Dcb¨v‡m Kg bq, NUbvcÖev‡n Zv‡`i Ae`vbI e‡ov Kg bq| Gi evB‡iI, we‡bvw`bxi gvZv
nwigwZ, cøxnvq g„Z ¯^vgx, Avkvi †RVv AbyK~jevey, wenvixi evwoi wek¦¯Í f…Z¨, wenvix-
cÖwZcvwjZ `wi`ª eªvþY iv‡R›`ª PµeZ©xi AvU eQ‡ii †Q‡j emšÍ- GiKg ¸iæZ¡nxb Av‡iv wKQz
PwiÎ NUbvi cÖ‡qvR‡b m„ó n‡q‡Q| G‡K Dcb¨vmwU‡Z NUbvi ¸iæZ¡ Kg, d‡j NUbvi
cÖ‡qvR‡b m„ó Pwiθwj G‡Kev‡iB kv`vgvUv; GB Pwiθ‡jv wb‡q ZvB Av‡jvPbv KivI
wb®úÖ‡qvRb|

Pwiθ‡jvi Av‡jvPbvi c~‡e© Pwiθ‡jvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© D‡jøL KivI Riæwi|

ivRj²xi cyÎ g‡n›`ª; g‡n‡›`ªi eÜz wenvix| Avevi, ivRj²xi weaev Rv Abœc~Y©v; Abœc~Y©vi
†evbwS Avkv; GB Avkvi mv‡_B g‡n‡›`ªi we‡q nq| Ab¨w`‡K, ivRj²x †QvU‡ejvi †Ljvi mv_x
nwigwZ; nwigwZi Kb¨v we‡bvw`bx; GB we‡bvw`bxi mv‡_B g‡n‡›`ªi we‡q wVK n‡qwQj, †kl
gyû‡Z© g‡n›`ª weev‡n Am¤§wZ Rvbvq|

we‡bvw`bx
we‡bvw`bx †Pv‡Li evwji ïayB †K›`ªxq PwiÎ bq, iex›`ªbv_ Dcb¨vmwUi cwiKíbvB K‡i‡Qb GB
PwiÎwU‡K †K›`ª K‡i| Ô†Pv‡Li evwj iPbvi wKQzKvj Av‡M nB‡ZB iex›`ªbv_ we‡bvw`bx-
Pwi‡Îi cwiKíbv Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb, Ges KvwnbxwUI †gvUvgywU Zuvnvi g‡b iƒc jBqvwQj|
wcÖqbv_ †mb‡K wkjvB`n nB‡Z GKwU I AÁvZ ¯’vb nB‡Z †jLv Avi GKwU wPwV‡Z
we‡bvw`bxi AwjwLZ Kvwnbxi D‡jøL Av‡Q|Õ14 myZivs, †evSvB hv‡”Q, Dcb¨vmwUi
NUbvewji †K›`ª¯’‡j Av‡Q GB we‡bvw`bx PwiÎwU|

we‡bvw`bx ivRj²xi evj¨Kv‡ji mLx nwigwZi Kb¨v| Dcb¨v‡mi cÖ_g kãwU-B we‡bvw`bxi
bv‡gv”PviY, we‡bvw`bxi mv‡_ g‡n‡›`ªi we‡qi K_v w`‡qB Dcb¨v‡mi Avi¤¢; wKš‘ †mB we‡q
nq bv| GB we‡qi K_v n‡qI we‡bvw`bx‡K bv †`‡LB g‡n‡›`ªi Am¤§wZ Ávcb Dcb¨vmwUi
NUbvRv‡ji RwUjZvi Ab¨Zg Kvh©KviY|

Z‡e, mRxe PwiÎ wn‡m‡e we‡bvw`bxi Avwef©ve Av‡iv c‡i, mßg Aa¨v‡q| Z‡Zvw`‡b
we‡bvw`bx weaev| ivRj²x g‡n›`ª-Avkvi `v¤úZ¨jxjvq wZwZwei³ n‡q evivm‡Z G‡j we‡bvw`bxi
mv‡_ Zvi †`Lv nq| Gi Av‡MB Aek¨ cvVK we‡bvw`bx m¤ú‡K© A‡bK wKQzB †R‡b †M‡Q|
cÖ_g Aa¨v‡qB iex›`ªbv_ NUv K‡i we‡bvw`bxi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb-

Ôwe‡bvw`bxi evc we‡kl abx wQj bv, wKš‘ Zvnvi GKgvÎ Kb¨v‡K †m wgkbvwi †gg
ivwLqv eûh‡Zœ covïbv I KviæKvh© wkLvBqvwQj| Kb¨vi weev‡ni eqm µ‡gB ewnqv
hvB‡ZwQj, Zey Zvnvi ûuk wQj bv|Õ

8
g‡n›`ª ivwR bv nIqvq ÔivRj²x Zuvnvi evivm‡Zi MÖvgm¤úK©xq GK åvZz®úy‡Îi mwnZ D³
Kb¨v we‡bvw`bxi weevn †`IqvB‡jb| ... AbwZKvj c‡i Kb¨v weaev nBj|Õ

GiI A‡bK c‡i, mßg Aa¨v‡q, ivRj²xi †mevi fvi wb‡q we‡bvw`bxi Avwef©ve| Avi we‡bvw`bxi
†mevq Z…ß ivRj²x GK AmZK© gyû‡Z© e‡j †d‡jb-

Ôgv, ZzB Avgvi N‡ii eD nwj †b †Kb, Zv nB‡j †Zv‡K ey‡Ki g‡a¨ Kwiqv ivwLZvg|Õ

ivRj²xi GB AmZK© Dw³, Avi wenvix‡K †jLv g‡n‡›`ªi be‡cÖ‡gi i³iv‡M ivOv wPwV- `yB
wgwj‡q †hŠe‡b weaev we‡bvw`bxi AšÍ‡i cÖ_g Zi½ †R‡M I‡V| we‡klZ, Avkv m¤ú‡K© Zvi
†KŠZ~nj GKUz we‡klfv‡eB †R‡M I‡V; †h‡nZz GB g‡n›`ªB GKmgq Zv‡K bv †`‡LB
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQj| Zvi g‡bvfve Av‡iv ¯úó n‡q I‡V, hLb Avkvi mv‡_ mLxZ¡ cvwZ‡q, Avkvi
Mjv Rwo‡q we‡bvw`bx g‡b g‡b fv‡e-

ÔGgb my‡Li NiKbœv- Ggb †mvnv‡Mi ¯^vgx| G Ni‡K †h Avwg ivRvi ivRZ¡, GB
¯^vgx‡K †h Avwg cv‡qi `vm Kwiqv ivwL‡Z cvwiZvg| ZLb wK G N‡ii GB `kv, G
gvby‡li GB wQwi _vwKZ| Avgvi RvqMvq wKbv GB KwP LywK, GB †Ljvi cyZzj!Õ

ax‡i ax‡i we‡bvw`bx g‡n›`ª‡K AvK…ó K‡i, GK ch©v‡q Zv‡K NiQvov K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K,
wenvixi e¨w³Z¡ we‡bvw`bx‡K AvK…ó K‡iwQj| we‡bvw`bx fv‡jv‡e‡mwQj wenvix‡K;
g‡n‡›`ªi mv‡_ †m hv K‡i‡Q, Zv GKvšÍB cÖwZ‡kvacivqY n‡q; ïay cÖwZ‡kvacivqYZvB Zv‡Z
KvR K‡iwb, wb‡Ri Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖwZôvi AvKv•ÿvI Zv‡Z KvR K‡iwQj| IB wenvixi Kvi‡YB
we‡bvw`bx †kl ch©šÍ `„k¨cU †_‡K m‡i hvq; g‡n›`ª N‡i wd‡i Av‡m, mgvR-msmv‡i ¯^w¯Í
wd‡i Av‡m| Z‡e wenvixi AÄwjI MÖnY K‡iwb we‡bvw`bx, g~jZ AvZ¥m¤§vb I mgv‡Ri f‡q|

iex›`ªbv_ Dcb¨vmwU‡Z ïayB Pwiθ‡jvi gb¯ÍË¡ we‡kølY K‡ibwb, Pwiθ‡jvi wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi

Kvh©KviYI †`wL‡q‡Qb| GLb cÖkœ nj, wVK Kx Kvi‡Y we‡bvw`bx G‡Zve‡ov aŸsmh‡Á
cÖe„Ë nj? †Kb †m G‡ZvUv cÖwZ‡kvacivqY n‡q DVj? Gi Dˇi myKzgvi †mb `yÕwU Kvi‡Yi
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb- ÔcÖ_gZ, Avkvi gy‡L Zvnv‡`i cÖYqjxjv ïwbevi bvixmyjf ¯^vfvweK †KŠZ~nj
Ges Zvnv‡Z Zvnvi APwiZv_© †cÖgZ…òv Ky_wÂr wgUvBevi cÖqvm| ... wØZxqZ, Zvnvi
wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zvi I `ÿZvi †eva Zvnv‡K GB cxov w`Z †h Zvnvi b¨vh¨ wmsnvmb AvR Avkvi
g‡Zv AKg©Y¨ A‡eva evwjKvi `L‡j|Õ

Avevi iex›`ª-Dcb¨vm-cwiµgvq AP©bv gRyg`vi PviwU Kvi‡Yi K_v e‡j‡Qb- Ôwe‡bvw`bx‡K

wb‡q g‡n‡›`ªi msmv‡i †h AMœy¨rcvZ NUj, Zvi cÖ_g KviY ivRj²x; wØZxq, Avkvi mLxZ¡;
Z…Zxq, we‡bvw`bxi Ae`wgZ AvKv•ÿv; PZz_©, wenvix KZ©„K we‡bvw`bx‡K fzj †evSv| GB
†kl KviYUvB wQj we‡kl cÖej; Ges we‡bvw`bx †h †kl ch©šÍ wb‡R‡K mshZ K‡i wb‡j ZviI
KviY wenvix|Õ

we‡bvw`bx wenvixi e¨w³‡Z¡ AvK…ó n‡jI, wenvix Avkvi cÖwZ `ye©j wQj| †mUv we‡bvw`bxi
cÖwZ‡kvacivqYZv‡K P~ovšÍfv‡e cÖR¡wjZ K‡i †`q, Avi †m Av¸‡b R¡vwj‡q †`q g‡n‡›`ªi
msmvi| †k‡l Aek¨ wenvix we‡bvw`bxi fv‡jvevmvi ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i, GgbwK weaev
we‡bvw`bx‡K we‡qiI cÖ¯Íve †`q; GB ¯^xK…wZUvB Pvw”Qj we‡bvw`bx, Zvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i
¯^xK…wZ, Zvi fv‡jvevmvi ¯^xK…wZ; Gevi dYvavix bvwMbx we‡bvw`bx dYv bvgvj| Aek¨
wenvixi †m cÖ¯Ív‡e †m m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡iwb; wZbwU Kvi‡Y- cÖ_gZ, wenvix Avkvi cÖwZ

9
AvK…ó wQj| Zvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡qwQj, GB cÖ¯Íve cwiw¯’wZZvwoZ wKsev Zvi cÖwZ
J`vh©cÖm~Z| AvZ¥m‡PZb we‡bvw`bxi c‡ÿ †m cÖ¯Ív‡e m¤§Z bv nIqvUvB m½Z| wØZxqZ,
wenvixi kÖ×v I fv‡jvevmv †c‡qB †m cwiZ…ß; GUvB Zvi cig cvIqv, Avi wKQz †m Pvq bv|
Z…ZxqZ, wenvix‡K we‡q Ki‡j mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q wenvixi gv_v wbPz n‡q hv‡e| wenvixi Am¤§vb
†Kvbg‡ZB we‡bvw`bxi Kvg¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| †m eis Abœc~Y©vi m‡½ Kvkx‡Z P‡j hvq|
we‡bvw`bxi GB †kl cwiYvg †kl ch©šÍ Ôgb¯Í‡Ë¡i RwUj iv¯Ívq wPwýZ nq wb, n‡q‡Q
Av`k©ev‡`i wek¦vm wbf©i iv¯Ívq|Õ15 we‡bvw`bx Pwi‡Îi GB DËiY g~jZ Ô†fvMev`we‡ivax
Rxebv‡_© I Z¨vMag©x gnr †cÖ‡g DËiYÕ16; iex›`ªbv‡_i we‡bvw`bx PwiÎ-cwiKíbvi †gŠj
†cÖiYvI GwUB| ÔBD‡ivcxq AeÿwqZ †ivg¨vbwU‡Ki †cÖg‡mŠ›`h© Dc‡fv‡Mi †K¬`vwšÍK I
webvkx ¯Í‡i iex›`ªgvbm †Kvbw`bB †cŠuQvqwb| e¯ÍZt iex›`ªbv_ we‡bvw`bxi †ivg¨vbwUK
AZ…ß me©bvkv Dc‡fv‡Mi DÏvgZvi w`KwU‡K fviZxq K¬¨vwmK-`k©‡b cwigvwR©Z K‡i
Z¨vMawg©Zvq I †e`bvq †MŠievwš^Z K‡i‡Qb|Õ17

Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K we‡bvw`bx PwiÎwUi ˆewk󨸇jv wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_gZ,
we‡bvw`bx AvZ¥m‡PZb, Aw¯ÍZ¡Kvgx I e¨w³Z¡m‡PZb; Zvi cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri †cQ‡b wb‡Ri
Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖwZôvi cÖqvm †`Lv hvq| PwiÎwUi Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ nj,
we‡bvw`bx‡Z ÔAvaywbKv bvixi hveZxq ˆewk‡ó¨i m‡½ cÖvPxbv bvixi †mev I me©Î-cÖmvix
`„wói mgš^q N‡U‡Q|Õ18

g‡n›`ª
W. kÖxKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi g‡Z, ÔPwiÎ m„wói w`K w`qv g‡n›`ªB me©v‡cÿv RxešÍ I
c~Y©v½fv‡e wPwÎZ nBqv‡Q|Õ GB g‡Zi mv‡_ mKj mgv‡jvPK GKgZ bq; Z‡e g‡n›`ª PwiÎwUI
†ek mycwiKwíZ| Dcb¨v‡mi ïiæ‡ZB iex›`ªbv_ K‡qK AvuP‡o PwiÎwUi †`vl-¸Y m¤ú‡K©
cvVK‡K we‡kl AewnZ K‡i‡Qb-

ÔK¨vOviæ-kve‡Ki g‡Zv gvZ…Mf© nB‡Z f~wgô nBqvI gvZvi ewnM©‡f©i _wjwUi

g‡a¨ Ave„Z _vKvi Af¨vm nBqv wMqvwQj|Õ

wKš‘ we‡qi c‡i g‡n›`ª gv‡qi ewnM©‡f©i _‡j †_‡K †ei n‡q †Mj| GB cÖ¯’vb gvZv ivRjÿ¥x
mnRfv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡jb bv| wZwb cyÎea~ AvkvjZvi cÖwZ Ah_vB we‡ØlcivqY n‡q DV‡jb| GB
we‡ØlB Zvi I Zvi †Q‡j g‡n‡›`ªi Rb¨ Kvj nj|

ivRjÿx evivmZ †_‡K we‡bvw`bx‡K wb‡q Avm‡jb; †mB we‡bvw`bx‡K, hv‡K GKevi g‡n›`ª
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQj, gv‡qi ewnM©‡f©i _‡j †_‡K †ei bv nIqvi Rb¨| g‡n›`ª we‡bvw`bxi †_‡K
`~‡i `~‡i _vKvi †Póv K‡iI e¨_© nj; we‡kl Zvi ivR¨cv‡U Zvi A‡Rq wKQz _vK‡Z cv‡i, GB Ávb
†h‡nZz Zvi wQj bv, we‡bvw`bx A‡Rq n‡q †`Lv w`‡j Zv‡K Rq KivUv Zvi Rb¨ Aek¨¤¢vex n‡q
DVj| Avi wenvix, †h Zvi bv-LvIqv wgóvbœB AvRxeb fÿY K‡i G‡m‡Q, †mB wenvix hLb
we‡bvw`bx‡K AvK…ó Kij, ZLb we‡bvw`bx‡K Rq Kiv Av‡iv Riæwi n‡q DVj| me wgwj‡q
g‡n‡›`ªi cZb NUj; g‡n›`ª msmvi Z¨vM K‡i evivm‡Z we‡bvw`bxi `yqv‡i wM‡q `uvovj;
we‡bvw`bxi mv‡_ cvM‡ji g‡Zv Qz‡U †eov‡Z jvMj, hw`I we‡bvw`bx Zv‡K MÖnY K‡iIwb,
MÖnY Kivi Avk¦vmI †`qwb| e¯‘Z, we‡bvw`bx wenvixi-B cÖZxÿv KiwQj|

g‡n›`ª Pwi‡Îi cwiYwZ Aek¨ we‡bvw`bx Pwi‡Îi cwiYwZi g‡Zv †Kvb DËi‡Y fv¯^i bq; hw`I cZb
N‡UwQj g‡n‡›`ªiI| GgbwK g‡n‡›`ªi g‡a¨ Aby‡kvPbvI cwijwÿZ nq bv; eis msmv‡i wd‡i G‡m
†m Avevi cy‡iv‡bv w`‡bi g‡Zv ivR¨cv‡U RuvwK‡q e‡m| Z‡e G‡Zv NUbvi g‡a¨ w`‡q g‡n›`ª

10
Pwi‡Î wK †Kvb cwieZ©bB Av‡mwb? G‡mwQj, Avi †mB cwieZ©‡bi K_v Abœc~Y©v ¯^qs
g‡n›`ª‡KB e‡j w`‡q‡Q-

Ôwb‡R‡K fv‡jv ewjqv †Zvi AnsKvi wQj, wb‡Ri c‡i wek¦vm †Zvi e‡ov †ewk wQj,
cv‡ci S‡o †Zvi †mB Me©UzKzB fvwOqv w`qv‡Q, Avi †Kv‡bv Awbó K‡i bvB|Õ

iex›`ªbv‡_i we‡kølYvZ¥K eY©bvq g‡n›`ª PwiÎwUi ˆewk󨸇jv ¯úófv‡eB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|

cÖ_gZ, g‡n›`ª Aw¯’i gwZ hyeK; Zvi wm×v‡šÍi w¯’iZvI †bB, Ges †m wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †cQ‡b
Dchy³ k„•LwjZ Kvh©KviYI †bB| wØZxqZ, g‡n›`ª GK¸u‡q; Ôevj¨Kvj nB‡Z g‡n›`ª †`eZv I
gvb‡ei Kv‡Q me©cÖKv‡i cÖkÖq cvBqv‡Q, GBRb¨ Zvnvi B”Qvi †eM D”Q…•LjÕ19|
Z…ZxqZ, AvZ¥vwfgvb g~pZv; g‡n‡›`ªi GB ˆewk‡ó¨i K_v iex›`ªbv_ ewj‡q‡Qb we‡bvw`bxi
gyL w`‡q- ÔZzwg fvjevm †Kej wb‡R‡KÕ| PZz_©Z, PvwiwÎK `ye©jZv ev `„pZvnxbZv; GB
`ye©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡qB cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nvi ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q we‡bvw`bx| cÂgZ, g‡n›`ª
Av‡eMcÖeY; Dcb¨v‡mi AvMv‡Mvov †m Av‡e‡Mi †¯ªv‡Z †f‡m‡Q, we‡qi Av‡M †hgb gv‡qi
ewnM©‡f©i _‡j‡Z evm KiZ, we‡qi c‡i †Kej Avkv‡K wb‡qB †g‡Z †_‡K‡Q| Avevi
we‡bvw`bxi Rb¨ msmvi Z¨vM Kivi mgq gv ev Avkv, Kv‡iv wPšÍvB wQj bv Zvi g‡a¨| me
wgwj‡q g‡n›`ª PwiÎ m¤ú‡K© mywPÎv cv‡ji gšÍe¨ Ô†`L‡Z cwiYZ jvM‡jI GK AcwiYZ gvbyl,
AcÖvßeq¯‹ wkïÕ20|

AvkvjZv
Avkv we‡bvw`bxi †Pv‡Li evwj n‡q hvÎv ïiæ K‡i mevi †Pv‡Li Av‡jv n‡q c~Y©Zv †c‡q‡Q|
cÖZvwiZv-ewÂZv Avkv Dcb¨v‡mi †k‡l †hfv‡e wdwb· cvwLi g‡Zv hš¿Yvi Av¸b †_‡K D‡V
G‡m‡Q, Zv we¯§qKi|

AvkvjZv Dcb¨vm Ry‡o ÔAvkvÕ bv‡gB D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| GB `yB bv‡gi Avov‡j Zvi Av‡iKwU
bvg Pvcv c‡o †M‡Q; `v¤úZ¨-Rxeb ïiæi Av‡M, R¨vVvgkvB‡qi evwo‡Z mK‡j Avkv‡K WvKZ
ÔPzwbÕ e‡j| g‡n›`ªI Zv‡`i `v¤úZ¨-Rxe‡bi cÖviw¤¢K mg‡q Avkv‡K Pzwb e‡jB WvKZ|

†mB mgq, hL‡bv g‡n›`ª Avkv‡K Pzwb e‡jB WvK‡Zv, ivRj²x Avkvi Dci exZkÖ× wQj| cÖ_gZ,
Avkv Abœc~Y©vi †evbwS; Abœc~Y©vi B”Qvq g‡n›`ª Zv‡K N‡i G‡b‡Q; A_P Zvi cQ‡›`i
†g‡q we‡bvw`bx‡K g‡n›`ª bv †`‡LI †kl gyû‡Z© evwZj K‡i w`‡q‡Q| wØZxqZ, we‡qi c‡i gv-
cvMj g‡n›`ª gv‡KB fzj‡Z e‡m‡Q; mvivw`bB Pj‡Q eD‡qi mv‡_ Zvi wbj©¾ `v¤úZ¨jxjv|

Z‡e Avkv PwiÎwU‡K eyS‡Z n‡j, Gi Av‡Mi c‡ii wKQz NUbvi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM †`qv Riæwi|
Avkv †QvU‡ejv‡ZB evev-gv‡K nvwi‡q‡Q, e‡ov n‡q‡Q R¨vVvgkvB‡qi evwo‡Z, k¨vgevRv‡ii
me‡P‡q gv_v-DuPz-Kiv evwo‡Z gv_v wbPz K‡i †_‡K| d‡j, ¯^vgxi evwo‡Z G‡m, kvïwoi
AvnŸv‡b †m †Kvgo †eu‡a Kv‡R †j‡M wM‡qwQj| c‡i ¯^vgx AvnŸvb Ki‡j, †mLv‡bI c~Y©
g‡bv‡hv‡M ¯^vgxi Av‡`k wk‡ivavh© K‡i †bq| ivRj²xi cÖej we‡Ø‡li gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡jI,
Zv‡Z Zvi †`vlI wQj bv, Ab¨ DcvqI wQj bv| Z‡e ¯^vgxi cÖej fv‡jvevmv Zv‡K Av‡›`vwjZ
K‡iwQj, †h‡nZz Zvi Rxe‡b GB e¯‘wUi wbZvšÍ Afve wQj|

ÔwKQzKvj Abve„wó‡Z †h km¨`j ﮋ cxZeY© nBqv Av‡m, e„wó cvBevgvÎ †m Avi
wej¤^ K‡i bv; nVvr evwoqv DwVqv `xN©Kv‡ji Dcevm‰`b¨ `~i Kwiqv †`q, `ye©j bZ
fve Z¨vM Kwiqv km¨‡ÿ‡Îi g‡a¨ Ams‡Kv‡P Amsk‡q Avcbvi AwaKvi DbœZ I D¾¡j
Kwiqv †Zv‡j, Avkvi †mBiƒc nBj|Õ

11
g‡n‡›`ªi cÖwZ Zvi wek¦vmI GKUz †ewk-B wQj; ÔAvgvi g‡Zv Abb¨wbô †cÖg †Zvgvi b‡nÕ-
g‡n‡›`ªi GB ev‡K¨ Zvi wQj cÖej Av¯’v| ZvB wb‡R DchvRK n‡qB we‡bvw`bxi mv‡_ g‡n‡›`ªi
cwiPq Kwi‡q †`q Avkv| djvdj, we‡bvw`bx cÖwZ‡kva †bqvi Rb¨ †e‡Q †bq Avkv‡KB; g‡n›`ª‡K
Zvwo‡q wb‡q †eovq N‡ii evB‡i, Ab¨w`‡K Avkv‡K Kó w`‡q cÖwZ‡kva †bq wenvixi cÖwZ,
Zvi fv‡jvevmv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kivi Rb¨|

GwU cÖ_g ch©v‡qi Avkv PwiÎ| 33 msL¨K Aa¨vq †_‡K Avkv Pwi‡Îi QuvP e`jv‡Z ïiæ K‡i;
¯^vgxi c‡K‡U we‡bvw`bxi wPwV Avwe®‹v‡ii ci †_‡K| Avkv Pwi‡Îi GB cwieZ©b‡KB ïiæ‡Z
wdwb· cvwLi cybiæ¾xe‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| c~‡e© Avkv †h wenvixi mvg‡b Avm‡ZB
A¯^w¯Í †eva KiZ, cwiewZ©Z Avkv †mB wenvixi mv‡_B AKzwÉZfv‡e Aweij K_v e‡j hvq|

Z‡e Avkv Pwi‡Î cwieZ©b NU‡jI, †Kvb mgvwß cÖvß nqwb; NUbvcÖev‡n Zvi g‡b †h Av¸b
R¡‡j‡Q, Zv wb‡fIwb, Avï †bfvi †Kvb Bw½ZI cvIqv hvqwb; †m Abœc~Y©v‡K Rvwb‡q‡Q-

Ôgvwmgv, Avwg g‡b wKQz cywlqv ivwL‡Z PvB bv, Avwg fzwj‡ZB PvB, wKš‘
fzwj‡Z †`q bv †h|Õ

†Pv‡Li evwj‡Z Avkv PwiÎ wn‡m‡e we‡bvw`bxi cÖwZiƒc; mijv, fxiæ, A‡b¨i evwo‡Z
cÖwZcvwjZv e‡j m`v m¼zwPZ| Avkv ewÂZvI e‡U, Ges Zvi eÂbvi †cQ‡b we‡bvw`bxiI Ae`vb
Av‡Q; Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î GwUI ¯§Z©e¨, GK`v g‡n›`ª KZ©„K we‡bvw`bx ewÂZv n‡qwQj e‡jB
Avkv g‡n‡›`ªi ¯¿x n‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Avkv‡K ewÂZv Kivi †cQ‡b we‡bvw`bxi †h KqwU †ÿvf KvR
K‡iwQj, Zvi g‡a¨ GwU Ab¨ZgI e‡U|

wenvix
W. kÖxKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq wenvix PwiÎwU‡K e‡j‡Qb †b‡MwUf K¨v‡i±vi| wenvix †hb
Dcb¨vmwUi DwÏó PwiÎ bq; PwiÎwUI mycwiKwíZ bq, mywPwÎZI bq| wenvix abxi mšÍvb| Rxeb
avi‡Yi Rb¨ Zvi DcvR©‡bi cÖ‡qvRb KL‡bv nqwb| QvÎ wn‡m‡eI †gavex| GUzKzi c‡i, Zvi
e¨w³MZ ev cvwievwiK Rxe‡bi †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ Avgiv cvB bv; cvB GK`g †k‡l, we‡bvw`bx Zvi
N‡i G‡j- Zvi N‡i GK wek¦¯Í f…Z¨ Av‡Q, Avi Av‡Q iv‡R›`ª PµeZ©x bv‡gi GK `wi`ª eªvþ‡Yi
AvU eQ‡ii †Q‡j emšÍ, wenvix emšÍ‡K cÖwZcvjb K‡i| wenvixi evwoi weei‡YI Zv‡K †Zgb
e‡ov‡jvK g‡b nq bv|

mycwiKwíZ bv †nvK, PwiÎ wn‡m‡e wenvix h‡_ô ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, Ges mwµq| we‡kl K‡i,
AvL¨v‡bi RwUjZv `~ixKi‡Y wenvixi f~wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©|

wenvix g‡n‡›`ªi eÜz, NwbôB e‡U; Z‡e ivRj²x wenvix‡K †Q‡ji g‡Zv †`‡Lb bv; wenvix
m¤ú‡K© ivRj²xi `„wóf½xwU e‡ov A™¢~Z-

Ôóxg‡ev‡Ui cðv‡Z Ave× Mvav‡ev‡Ui g‡Zv g‡n›`ªi GKwU Avek¨K fvimn Avmev‡ei
¯^iƒc †`wL‡Zb I †mB wnmv‡e ggZvI Kwi‡Zb|Õ

Z‡e GwU mZ¨, wenvix me©`vB g‡n‡›`ªi Avov‡j XvKv c‡i _vKv PwiÎ| Z‡e GB Avovj m‡i
†M‡jB wenvixi e¨w³Z¡ cÖKvwkZ n‡q c‡o, †hgb cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj evivm‡Z, †mevi ivRj²xi
mv‡_ g‡n›`ª hvqwb, †Kej wenvix-B wM‡qwQj| Avi ZLbB, wenvixi e¨w³Z¡ gy» K‡iwQj
we‡bvw`bx‡K|

12
Gi Av‡MB Aek¨ wenvixi Rxeb †_‡K g‡n›`ª GKiKg `~‡i m‡i †M‡Q; Avkvi mv‡_ wenvixi
weev‡ni K_v wQj, g‡n›`ª GKiKg †Rvi K‡iB Avkv‡K we‡q K‡i; wenvixI Zvi ¯^fvemyjf evav
†`q bv g‡n›`ª‡K| wKš‘ we‡qi c‡i G wb‡q `yR‡bi g‡a¨ GKiKg m‡¼v‡Pi m„wó nq|

Dcb¨v‡mi NUbvcÖev‡n wenvixi †`vl GKwU-B- we‡bvw`bxi fv‡jvevmvi AvnŸv‡b mvov bv

†`qv| GB mvov bv †`qv, Ges Avkvi cÖwZ Zvi `ye©jZv- `yB wgwj‡q R¡‡j I‡V we‡bvw`bxi
cÖwZ‡kv‡ai fxlY ûZvkb; Zv‡Z R¡‡j hvq cy‡iv msmviwU-B, Avkv, g‡n›`ª, ivRj²x, Abœc~Y©v,
Ges ¯^qs wenvix|

Aek¨ we‡bvw`bx †h aŸsmvZ¥K iƒc †_‡K †Kvgj iƒ‡c DËwiZ nj, ZviI KviY wenvix| †kl ch©šÍ
we‡bvw`bxi fv‡jvevmvi g~j¨vqb K‡i, Zv‡K we‡qi cÖ¯Íve Ki‡j, †m cÖ¯Íve hw`I wdwi‡q †`q
we‡bvw`bx, cÖPÐx we‡bvw`bx w¯œ» n‡q Av‡m| Z‡e, PwiÎwUi cwiYwZ‡ZI †mB GKB K_v
ej‡Z nq, PwiÎwU mycwiKwíZ bq; ZvB PwiÎwUi †Kvb cwiYwZI Dcb¨vm †k‡l †`Lv hvq bv|

PwiÎwU we‡kølY Ki‡j PwiÎwUi †ek wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ cwijwÿZ nq, Ges cÖwZwU
ˆewkó¨B BwZevPK- wenvix e¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ, †mevcivqY, gvbe‡cÖwgK, wePÿY, wgïK| me
wgwj‡q wenvix PwiÎwU †hb GB Dcb¨v‡m mvBdvi; k~‡b¨i g‡ZvB Zvi wb‡Ri †Kvb cwiYwZ
†bB, wKš‘ Dcb¨v‡mi cwiYwZi Rb¨ Zv‡K fxlY `iKvi|

ivRj²x I Abœc~Y©v
ivRj²x g‡n‡›`ªi gv; Abœc~Y©v ivRj²xi weaev Rv, g‡n‡›`ªi KvwK| PwiÎ wn‡m‡e `yR‡bi ¸iæZ¡
KvQvKvwQ n‡jI, NUbvcÖev‡n cÖfv‡ei wfwˇZ ivRj²x GKUz †ewkB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©; Aek¨
wKQzUv cy·¯œ‡n, wKQzUv AvZ¥`‡¤¢ wZwb †h KvR¸‡jv K‡i‡Qb, cwiYvg`k©x n‡j wZwb
†m KvR¸‡jv Kw¯§bKv‡jI Ki‡Zb bv, G wm×všÍ wbwØ©avq †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

ivRj²x Cl©vcivqYI wQ‡jb| PwiÎwUi Cl©vcivqYZvi cÖm½ †U‡b‡Qb ¯^qs iex›`ªbv_I, e‡j‡Qb-
Ô†Pv‡Li evwji Mí‡K wfZi †_‡K av°v w`‡q `viæY K‡i Zz‡j‡Q gv‡qi Cl©vÕ| cÖ_gZ, gv ivRj²x
Cl©vcivqY wQ‡jb Abœc~Y©vi cÖwZ; †h‡nZz Abœc~Y©v cyÎnxbv, Ges g‡n›`ª I wenvix
`yR‡bB Abœc~Y©v‡K gv‡qi g‡Zv kÖ×v Ki‡Zb| g‡n›`ª Avkv‡K we‡q Ki‡j gv‡qi Cl©v Avkvi
cÖwZI ewl©Z nj; `yBwU Kvi‡Y- Avkv Abœc~Y©vi †evbwS e‡j, Ges Avkv Zvi KvQ †_‡K
g‡n›`ª‡K †K‡o wb‡”Q e‡j| Abœc~Y©vi cÖwZ Zvi Cl©v Abœc~Y©v‡K KvkxMg‡b DrmvwnZ
K‡i; Avkvi cÖwZ Cl©vq ivRj²x evivmZ †_‡K we‡bvw`bx‡K wb‡q Av‡mb KjKvZvq; Avi Zv
†_‡KB Dcb¨v‡mi AvL¨v‡b RwUjZvi MÖwš’-D‡b¥vPb|

Abœc~Y©v †Zgb cÖfve-mÂvix PwiÎ bq; Z‡e Ab¨vb¨ Pwi‡Îi Dci Zvi f~wgK †ek Mfxi| we‡kl
K‡i Avkv I wenvixi Dci Zvi we‡kl cÖfve wQj; g‡n‡›`ªi DciI wbZvšÍ Kg wQj, ZvI bq; ¯§Z©e¨,
gv‡qi cÖej AvMÖ‡nI †hLv‡b g‡n›`ª we‡q‡Z m¤§wZ †`qwb, Abœc~Y©vi mvg‡b †mB g‡n›`ªB
AvPgKv we‡qi cÖm½ Zz‡j †d‡j| Abœc~Y©v cÖm‡½ W. myKzgvi †mb e‡jb, ÔwbZvšÍ Aí
cÖ‡qvR‡b Abœc~Y©vi PwiÎ ¯úó I D¾¡j nBqv †`Lv w`qv‡Q| iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖvq mKj Dcb¨v‡m
GKwU wbwj©ß AvZ¥mgvwnZ m`vb›` ˆah©kxj kvšÍimv¯ú` PwiÎ _v‡K hvnv †Kvb †Kvb cÖavb
f~wgKvi fw³i Avj¤^b (Aej¤^b) nBqv Zvnvi Rxe‡bi fvi‡K›`ª wbw`©ó Kwiqv †`q| †Pv‡Li
evwj‡Z Abœc~Y©v Ggb f~wgKv|

`„wó‡KvY
†Pv‡Li evwj Dcb¨v‡m iex›`ªbv‡_i D‡Ïk¨ wQj Pwiθwji gb¯ÍË¡ we‡kølY K‡i Zv‡`i Avu‡Zi K_v
†ei K‡i †`Lv‡bv| myZivs AvL¨vb eY©bvq, m½Z Kvi‡YB wZwb me©Á `„wó‡KvY‡K †e‡Q

13
wb‡q‡Qb| G m¤ú‡K© ˆmq` AvKivg †nv‡mb e‡j‡Qb, ÔÒ†Pv‡Li evwjÓi NUbvweb¨v‡m
PwiÎm„R‡b iex›`ªbv_ Jcb¨vwm‡Ki me©Á`„wó‡Kv‡Yi wewPÎ I mylg e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| A‡nZzK
weeiY cÖeYZv †_‡K G Dcb¨vm gy³| KL‡bv KL‡bv wbM~p Kvi‡Y iex›`ªbv_ Pwi‡Îi
`„wó‡KvY †_‡KI NUbv I PwiÎ ¯^Ztù~Z© K‡i‡Qb|Õ

Pwi‡Îi `„wó‡KvY e¨env‡ii GK gbxlv`xß `„óvšÍ Av‡Q 2 msL¨K Aa¨v‡q| wenvix I g‡n›`ª hv‡”Q
†g‡q (Avkv) †`L‡Z; g‡n›`ª we‡q Ki‡e| †Kvb Pwi‡Îi `„wó‡KvY e¨eüZ n‡j GLv‡b wenvixi
`„wó‡KvYB e¨eüZ nIqvi K_v, †h‡nZz †m-B we‡q Ki‡Z hv‡”Q| wKš‘ iex›`ªbv_ e¨envi Ki‡jb
g‡n‡›`ªi `„wó‡KvY| Gi KviY †evSv hvq c‡ii Aa¨v‡q; hLb g‡n›`ª wb‡RB Avkv‡K we‡q Kivi
wm×všÍ †bq|

fvlv
Kwe wKsev K_vmvwnwZ¨K- †h †Kvb Pwi‡ÎB iex›`ªbv‡_i fvlv AmvaviY| KweZv ev c‡`¨ †hgb
Zvi fvlv AmvaviY, †Zgwb Zvi M‡`¨i fvlvI ˆkjx‡Z, kãPq‡b, cwiPh©vq, wPÎgqZvq, Dcgv-
AjsKv‡i F×-mg„×-Ac~e©| †Pv‡Li evwjI Gi e¨wZµg bq| Dcb¨vmwUi fvlvI mg„× I Ac~e©|

Dcb¨vmwUi wkíiƒc we‡køl‡Y fvlv we‡kølYI ¸iæ‡Z¡i `vex`vi| Dcb¨vmwU‡Z iex›`ªbv_

cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx wK wK cwiPh©v ixwZ e¨envi K‡i‡Qb, cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx wPÎvZ¥K ev
wPÎag©x eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb wKbv, Dcgv-Dr‡cÖÿv-AjsKvi wK wK e¨envi K‡i‡Qb- Dcb¨vmwUi
wkíg~j¨ wePv‡i G¸wjI wePvh©|

†Pv‡Li evwj Dcb¨v‡m iex›`ªbv_ †h wewfbœ cwiPh©v ixwZi mv_©K e¨envi K‡i‡Qb, Avi Zvi
gva¨‡g we‡kølYag©x Dcb¨vmwUi m¤¢ve¨ GK‡N‡qwgZv mv_©Kfv‡e `~i K‡i‡Qb, Zv ¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb ˆmq` AvKivg †nv‡mb; Ôgb¯ÍË¡we‡kølYag©x Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwm‡Ki wkíMZ GKUv
SuywK _v‡K| we‡kølYcÖvej¨ Dcb¨vm‡K weeiYme©¯^ I AwZgvÎvq kÖæwZcÖavb K‡i †Zv‡j|
d‡j cvV‡Ki c‡ÿ Dcb¨v‡m HKvwšÍK nIqvi AeKvk n«vm cvq, GKUv K¬vwšÍKi GK‡N‡q
¯^iMÖvg imv¯^v`‡bi cÖwZK~j n‡q `uvovq| Jcb¨vwm‡Ki cwiPh©v‰bcyY¨ Ò†Pv‡Li
evwjÓ‡K GB Avk¼v †_‡K gy³ †i‡L‡Q| we‡kølYvZ¥K c×wZi m‡½ `„k¨vbyM msjvcag©x I
wPÎvZ¥K c×wZi m~² ˆkwíK wgkÖ‡Y Ò†Pv‡Li evwjÓ AZz¨¾¡j I cÖMvp|Õ

D`vniY wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi AskwU D×…Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i-

ÔNwo‡Z hLb GKUv evwRj, ZLb g‡n›`ª Avi _vwK‡Z cvwij bv, gkvwi Lywjqv evwni
nBqv cwoj| Qv‡` Avwmqv †`wLj, MÖx‡®§i †R¨vr¯œvivwÎ e‡ov igYxq nBqv‡Q|
KwjKvZvi cÖKvÐ wbtkãZv Ges mywß †hb ¯Íä mgy‡`ªi Rjivwki b¨vq ¯úk©Mg¨ ewjqv
†eva nB‡Z‡Q- AmsL¨ ng©¨‡kÖYxi Dci w`qv gnvbMixi wb`ªv‡K wbweoZi Kwiqv
evZvm g„`yMg‡b c`PviY Kwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Q|

Ôg‡n‡›`ªi eûw`‡bi iæ× AvKv•ÿv Avcbv‡K Avi awiqv ivwL‡Z cvwij bv; Avkv Kvkx
nB‡Z wdwiqv Aewa we‡bvw`bx Zvnv‡K †`Lv †`q bvB| †R¨vr¯œvg`wenŸj wbR©b
ivwÎ g‡n›`ª‡K †gvnvweó Kwiqv we‡bvw`bxi w`‡K †Vwjqv jBqv hvB‡Z jvwMj| g‡n›`ª
wmuwo w`qv bvwgqv †Mj| we‡bvw`bxi N‡ii m¤§y‡Li eviv›`vq Avwmqv †`wLj, Ni eÜ
nq bvB| N‡i cÖ‡ek Kwiqv †`wLj, weQvbv ˆZwi iwnqv‡Q, †Kn †kvq bvB| N‡ii g‡a¨
c`kã ïwb‡Z cvBqv N‡ii `wÿYw`‡Ki †Lvjv eviv›`v nB‡Z we‡bvw`bx wRÁvmv Kwiqv DwVj,
Ò†K I|Ó

14
 Ôg‡n›`ª Awff~Z Av`ª© K‡É DËi Kwij, Òwe‡bv`, Avwg|ÓÕ

GLv‡b iex›`ªbv_ ïiæ‡Z wPÎvZ¥K c×wZi e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| gvSLv‡b, `vMvw¼Z As‡k e¨envi
K‡i‡Qb we‡kølYag©x ixwZ| Zvic‡i g‡n‡›`ªi wmuwo w`‡q †b‡g Avmvi AskwU Avevi
wPÎvZ¥K c×wZ; Avi †k‡l, euvKv e‡Y© †jLv As‡k e¨envi K‡i‡Qb msjvcag©x ixwZ|

Ggwb Av‡iwKU wPÎgqZvi D`vniY-

ÔcÖ`x‡ci gyL nB‡Z †hgb R¡jšÍ ˆZjwe›`y ÿwiqv c‡o, iæ× kqbK‡ÿi g‡a¨ we‡bvw`bxi `xß
†bÎ nB‡Z †Zgwb ü`‡qi R¡vjv AkÖæR‡j Mwjqv cwo‡Z jvwMj| µz×v gayKix hvnv‡K
m¤§y‡L cvq Zvnv‡KB `skb K‡i, ÿzäv we‡bvw`bx †Zgwb Zvnvi Pvwiw`‡Ki mg¯Í
msmviUv‡K R¡vjvBevi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z nBj|Õ

Dcb¨vmwU‡Z iex›`ªbv_ cÖZxKx cwiPh©vI cÖPzi e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| †hgb, 2 msL¨K Aa¨v‡q
Av‡Q cÖZxKx cwiPh©vi D`vniY-

Ôbx‡P evMv‡b gvjx ZLb Svwi‡Z Kwiqv Mv‡Q Mv‡Q Rj w`‡ZwQj, †mB wm³
g„wËKvi w¯œ» MÜ enb Kwiqv ˆP‡Îi `wÿY evZvm g‡n‡›`ªi ïå KzwÂZ myevwmZ
Pv`‡ii cÖvšÍ‡K `y`©vg Kwiqv Zzwj‡ZwQj|Õ

cÖZxKx cwiPh©v Av‡Q 41 msL¨K Aa¨v‡qI-

Ôwe‡bvw`bx †mjvB‡q GKUv fzj Kwiqv Av‡jvi Kv‡Q awiqv Zvnv eûh‡Zœ cybe©vi
Lywj‡Z jvwMj|Õ

Dcb¨vmwU‡Z iex›`ªbv_ h_v_© I AmvaviY me Dcgvi e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| †hgb-

ÔAvR mn¯ª KjK‡É wbZvšÍ mnR ü`‡qi K_v ewjqv Zvnvi mg¯Í cÖK…wZ †hb be-
evwiavivq ¯œvZ, w¯œ» I cwiZ…ß nBqv †Mj|Õ

ïay DcgvB bq, iex›`ªbv_ Dcb¨vmwU‡Z Av‡iv A‡bK AjsKviB e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| †hgb, 8 msL¨K
Aa¨v‡qi †k‡l Avkvi †cvlv †KvwKjwU gviv hvq| †KvwKj cvwLi g„Zz¨wU Avm‡j iƒcK, GB
g„Zz¨ Avkvi my‡Li g„Zz¨B †NvlYv K‡i; GK‡N‡q AbeiZ cÖYqjxjv Avkv‡K K¬všÍ K‡i †Zv‡j,
d‡j g„Zz¨ nq Avkvi my‡Li|

†Pv‡Li evwj‡Z iex›`ªbv‡_i fvlvi KviæKvR †Kej cwiPh©v ixwZ, wPÎvZ¥K eY©bv Avi Dcgvi
e¨env‡iB mxgve× bq; me©bv‡gi we¯§qKi e¨env‡ii gva¨‡gI wZwb Avðh© fvlvi KviæKvR
†`wL‡q‡Qb| Dcb¨vmwUi 15 †_‡K 22 msL¨K Aa¨v‡q m¤§vbm~PK me©bvg I wµqvc‡`i AvcvZ
h‡_”Q e¨envi we¯§qKi| GB me©bv‡gi h‡_”Q e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g iex›`ªbv_ g‡n›`ª-we‡bvw`bx-
wenvixi m¤ú‡K©i Uvbv‡cv‡ob cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|

Ôwe‡bvw`bx †ek RvwbZ e¨vcviUv ¸iæZi b‡n, Zey AZ¨šÍ D`weMœfv‡e (g‡n›`ª‡K)
Kwnj, ÒA‡bKÿY ewmqv AvQ, GKUzLvwb †kvI| Avwg IwWK‡jvb Avwbqv w`B|Ó

*** *** ***

15
 we‡bvw`bx w¯œ»¯^‡i wRÁvmv Kwij, Òg‡n›`ªevey, Avivg cv‡”Qb wK|ÓÕ

Dc‡i Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ Dcb¨v‡mi AvL¨vb, †cÖÿvcU I cUf~wg, PwiÎmg~n, `„wó‡KvY I fvlvi
Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj| Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq, †Pv‡Li evwj‡Z NUbv gyL¨ bq, PwiÎB gyL¨;
we‡kl K‡i Pwi‡Îi gb¯ÍË¡-we‡kølYB wQj Dcb¨v‡m iex›`ªbv‡_i D‡Ïk¨| Avi ZvB, Dcb¨vmwUi
wkímdjZv A‡bKUvB wbf©ikxj PwiÎ wPÎY I we‡køl‡Y iex›`ªbv‡_i mdjZvi Dci; †m Kv‡R
iex›`ªbv_ mdj †Zv e‡UB, mdj `„wó‡Kv‡Yi Kzkjx e¨envi I fvlvi Abe`¨ cÖ‡qv‡MI| we‡kl K‡i,
mij AvL¨vb I we‡kølYag©x nIqvq, cvV‡Ki GK‡N‡qwgZv `~i Kivi Rb¨ fvlvi eyw×`xß cÖ‡qvM
Dcb¨vmwU‡Z we‡kl `vex n‡q wQj; iex›`ªbv_ †m `vex wgwU‡q‡Qb cwiPh©v ixwZi Kzkjx
cÖ‡qvM, `„wó‡Kv‡Yi Kzkjx e¨envi, wPÎvZ¥K ixwZi h_v_© cÖ‡qvM, Dcgv-iƒc‡Ki e¨envi Ges
me©bv‡gi we¯§qKi cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g| d‡j, AvL¨vb FRy I gš’i n‡jI Zv cxov`vqK n‡q DV‡Z
cv‡iwb| cvkvcvwk FRy-gš’i AvL¨v‡bI gv‡Sgv‡SB bvUKxqZv m„wó K‡i iex›`ªbv_ cvVK‡K
Pg‡K w`‡q‡Qb| me wgwj‡q ZvB Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ‡K wkímdj Dcb¨vm ejv †h‡ZB cv‡i|

e¨eüZ D×…wZmg~n †h me MÖš’ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q:

1. Rxeb¯§„wZ/ iex›`ª iPbvejx, cwðge½ miKvi KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ
2. evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi KvjvšÍi, m‡ivR e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
3. m~Pbv, †Pv‡Li evwj, iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
4. 3 `ªóe¨
5. iex›`ª Dcb¨v‡mi cvVvšÍi, mywPÎv cvj
6. iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcb¨vm : †PZbv‡jvK I wkíiƒc, ˆmq` AvKivg †nv‡mb
7. 6 `ªóe¨
8. 6 `ªóe¨
9. 3 `ªóe¨
10. 5 `ªóe¨
11, 12, 13. 3 `ªóe¨
14. 5 `ªóe¨
15. 5 `ªóe¨
16, 17. 6 `ªóe¨
18. 5 `ªóe¨
19. 3 `ªóe¨
20. 5 `ªóe¨

mnvqK MÖš’vewj:
1. iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcb¨vm : †PZbv‡jvK I wkíiƒc, ˆmq` AvKivg †nv‡mb
2. iex›`ª Dcb¨v‡mi cvVvšÍi, mywPÎv cvj
3. evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi KvjvšÍi, m‡ivR e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
4. ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm, PZz_© LÐ, myKzgvi †mb
5. iex›`ª-Dcb¨vm-cwiµgv, A‡kvKKzgvi wgÎ

16