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Procedure and Interpretation

Cross Matching : Types, Principle, STAY CONNECTED

Procedure and Interpretation

 July 2, 2019  Dhurba Giri  HEMATOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY   

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Cross matching is a procedure performed prior to transfusion of

blood or blood products to detect any serological incompatibilities in
RECENT POSTS
the blood of donor and recipient. Before a donor’s blood is
transfused into a recipient, there should be no antigens or Laboratory
antibodies in both, that would react with each other resulting in Diagnosis of
transfusion reaction. Cross matching is designed to prevent such Megaloblastic
transfusion reactions which may occur after transfusion. Anemia (MBA)
Cross matching plays important role to detect:  July 21, 2019  1

Most recipient antibodies directed against donor’s red blood

cell antigens.
Cross Matching :
Types, Principle,
Most donor antibodies directed against recipient’s red blood Procedure and
cell antigens. Interpretation
Major errors in ABO grouping, labeling and identification of  July 2, 2019  0

donor and recipients.


Principle of Cross Matching Hyaline Casts in
Urine :
Cross matching is based on the principle of serological detection of
Morphology And
any clinically significant irregular/unexpected antibodies in either Clinical
donor or recipient’s blood. There are two types of cross matches: Significance
 June 29, 2019 
1. Major Cross Match: It involves testing the donor’s red cells 0
with recipient’s serum to determine the presence of any
antibody which may cause hemolysis or agglutination of donor
red cells.This is more important than minor cross match. Mantoux Test :
Principle,
2. Minor Cross Match: It involves testing of donor’s plasma with Procedure,
recipient’s red cells to determine the presence of any antibody Interpretation and
which may cause hemolysis or agglutination of recipient’s red Limitations
cells.  June 24, 2019 
0

Type Donor’s Recipient’s

Major Cross Match Red Cells Serum/Plasma Ascaris

lumbricoides
Minor Cross Match Serum/Plasma Red Cells (Roundworm)
Eggs:
Morphology,
Characteristics
Procedure of Cross Matching and Identification
There are different methods for cross matching, as shown in table.  March 26, 2019 
0
Among them most commonly used technique is Anti-human globulin
(AHG) cross match.

POPULAR POSTS
Method of Cross Match Detects Antibody of
Type :
Reverse Blood
Saline Cross Match IgM
Grouping:
Principle,
Albumin Cross Match IgG Procedure,
Interpretation and
Anti-Human Globulin (AHG) Cross IgG Limitations
Match  December 21, 2017
 6

Major Cross Match

Differences
1. Prepare donor and recipient’s blood sample: Donor’s red cells Between
and recipient’s serum/plasma. Entamoeba
2. Prepare 3-5% saline cell suspension of red cells. histolytica and
Entamoeba coli
3. Label a test tube.
 November 6, 2018
 6
 4. Add two drops of recipient’s serum and one drop of donor cell
suspension. Reticulocyte
Count : Principle,
5. Mix and incubate the tubes at 37 degree Celsius for about 60
Procedure,
minutes. Calculations and
6. Decant the serum completely and wash the cells three times in Clinical
saline. Significances
 November 6, 2018
7. Add two drops of Anti-human Globulin (AHG) and mix. Allow to
 5
stand at room temperature for 5 minutes.
8. Centrifuge at 1500 rpm for 1 minute.
Urine Pregnancy
9. Observe macroscopically and microscopically for
Test (UPT):
agglutination. Principle,
10. If macroscopic agglutination is not observed, transfer a small Procedure,
amount onto a glass slide and examine for microscopic Interpretation and
Limitations
agglutination. Rouleaux is not an indication of incompatibility.
 December 25, 2017
 4

Myeloperoxidase
(MPO) Stain :
Purpose,
Principle,
Procedure and
Interpretation
 November 6, 2018
 4

CATEGORIES

BACTERIOLOGY

BIOCHEMISTRY
Minor Cross Match CYTOPATHOLOGY
1. Prepare donor and recipient’s blood sample: Recipient’s red
HEMATOLOGY
cells and donor’s serum/plasma.
2. Label a test tube. HISTOPATHOLOGY

3. Add two drops of donor’s serum and one drop of recipient’s IMMUNOLOGY
cell suspension.
MICROBIOLOGY
4. Mix and incubate the tubes at 37 degree Celsius for about 60
minutes. PARASITOLOGY

5. Decant the serum completely and wash the cells three times in Uncategorized

saline.
URINALYSIS
 6. Add two drops of Anti-human Globulin (AHG) and mix. Allow to
stand at room temperature for 5 minutes.
7. Centrifuge at 1500 rpm for 1 minute.
8. Observe macroscopically and microscopically for
agglutination.
9. If macroscopic agglutination is not observed, transfer a small
amount onto a glass slide and examine for microscopic
agglutination. Rouleaux is not an indication of incompatibility.

Results and Interpretation

Compatible donor and recipient blood should show no
agglutination in both major and minor cross match. Blood which
shows incompatibility in major cross match should never be
transfused, because the large plasma volume of the recipient blood
containing antibodies can destroy the donor’s red cells easily. The
minor incompatibility is less important because the donor’s serum
which contains the antibodies is diluted in the recipient’s own
plasma, making the antibodies very dilute and ineffective.

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 CROSS MATCHING INTERPRETATION OF CROSS MATCHING


MAJOR CROSS MATCH MINOR CROSS MATCH
 PRINCIPLE OF CROSS MATCHING

PROCEDURE OF CROSS MATCHING

About Dhurba Giri  16 Articles

Dhurba Giri is the founder and author of
LaboratoryTests.org. He is a Medical
Laboratory Technologist and Scientific
Blogger from Pokhara, Nepal. Connect with
him:

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