3. A sample consisting of 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 (106 g/mol), NaOH (40 g/mol) and inert matter weighs 1.

179
grams. It is titrated with 0.2239 M HCl (36.46 g/mol) with phenolphthalein as the indicator, and
the solution become colorless after the addition of 45.62 mL. Methyl orange is then added and
12.85 mL more of the acid is needed for the color change. What is the percentage of 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 in
the sample?
Given: m(Na2CO3 + NaOH + inert) = 1.179 g
MHCl = 0.2239 M (phenolphthalein as indicator)
VHCl = 45.62 mL (colorless)
Addition of methyl orange:
VHCl = 12.85 mL
Required: % of Na2CO3 in sample
Solution: 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 → 2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝐻2 𝐶𝑂3
2𝐻𝐶𝑂3 + 2𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 2𝐶𝑂2 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐶𝑙2
𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 + 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
Na2CO3 NaCl = 2 HCl
𝑔𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 𝑓
𝑁𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑉𝐻𝐶𝑙 = 𝑥 1000
𝑀𝑊
𝑔𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2
0.2239(12.85𝑚𝐿 𝑥 2) = 𝑥 1000
106 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 = 0.3050 𝑔
0.3050 𝑔
% 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 = 𝑥 100 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟖𝟕%
1.179 𝑔
7. A sample consisting 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 (105.99 g/mol), NaOH (40 g/mol) and inert matter weighs 1.179
grams. It is titrated with 0.2239 M HCl (36.46 g/mol) with phenolphthalein as indicator, and the
resulting solution become colorless after the addition of 45.62 mL. Methyl orange is then added
and 12.85 mL more of the acid is needed for the color change. What is the percentage of
𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 in the sample?
Given: m(Na2CO3 + NaOH + inert) = 1.179 g
MHCl = 0.2239 M (phenolphthalein as indicator)
VHCl = 45.62 mL (colorless)
Addition of methyl orange:
 VHCl = 12.85 mL
Required: % of Na2CO3 in sample
Solution: 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 → 2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝐻2 𝐶𝑂3
2𝐻𝐶𝑂3 + 2𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 2𝐶𝑂2 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐶𝑙2
𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 + 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
Na2CO3 NaCl = 2 HCl
𝑔𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 𝑓
𝑁𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑉𝐻𝐶𝑙 = 𝑥 1000
𝑀𝑊
𝑔𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2
0.2239(12.85𝑚𝐿 𝑥 2) = 𝑥 1000
106 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 = 0.3050 𝑔
0.3050 𝑔
% 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 = 𝑥 100 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟖𝟕%
1.179 𝑔

11. What is the percentage of 𝑀𝑛𝑂2 (86.94 g/mol) in a pyrolusite ore is a sample weighing
0.400 g is treated with 0.6000 g of pure 𝐻2 𝐶2 𝑂4 . 2𝐻2 𝑂 (126.097 g/mol) and dilute 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 (98.08
g/mol) and after reduction has taken place (𝑀𝑛𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝐶2 𝑂4 + 2𝐻 + → 𝑀𝑛++ + 2𝐶𝑂2 +
2𝐻2 𝑂), the excess oxalic acid requires 26.26 ml of 0.100 𝑁 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 (158.04 g/mol) for titration?
Solution:
𝑚𝑔∗𝑓
meq = [ ] = CV
𝑀𝑊

600𝑚𝑔∗2
meq 𝐻2 𝐶2 𝑂4 . 2𝐻2 𝑂 = [126.097𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ] = 9.5165meq

meq 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 = 26.26mL * 0.100 𝑁 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 = 2.626meq

net meq = 9.5165 – 2.626 = 6.8905meq
𝑚𝑔∗2
6.8978meq = [86.94 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ]

𝑀𝑛𝑂2 = 0.2995g
0.2995𝑔
% 𝑀𝑛𝑂2 = [ ]*100 = 74.875% ans
0.4𝑔

19. The most common type of kidney stone if formed from calcium ethanedioate (𝐶𝑎𝐶2 𝑂4 )
which precipitates out in the urinary tract when concentration of 𝐶𝑎2+ ions and 𝐶2 𝑂42− ions
become too high. Magnesium ions are known to inhibit the formation of kidney stones. To
analyze the concentration of 𝐶𝑎2+ (𝑎𝑞) and 𝑀𝑔2+ (𝑎𝑞) in a sample urine, the ions were
precipitated as ethandioates and the mixed precipitate of 𝐶𝑎𝐶2 𝑂4 and 𝑀𝑔𝐶2 𝑂4 analyzed
gravimetric analysis. The solid ethanedioates were first heated to form a mixture of 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 and
MgO. The mass of this mixture was 0.0433 g. The solid was then heated more strongly to give a
mixture of CaO and MgO. The mass of the solid residue from this process was 0.0285g. What
was the mass of the 𝐶𝑎2+ ions in the original sample of urine?
23. Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.2500 M in ammonia and 0.3100 M in 𝑁𝐻4 𝐶𝑙. The acid
dissociation constant for ammonia is 5.70 × 10−10 .

Given:
𝑀𝑁𝐻3 = 0.2500 M (strong base)
𝑀 𝑁𝐻4 𝐶𝑙 = 0.3100𝑀(acidic salt)
Ka = 5.70 × 10−10
Required: pH
Solution:
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
𝑝𝐻 = − log 𝑘𝑎 + log
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
−10 [0.2500]
𝑝𝐻 = − log 5.70 × 10 + log
[0.3100]

𝒑𝑯 = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟕 𝒂𝒏𝒔

31. Titration of 0.215 g of pure 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶2 𝑂4 (134 g/mol) required 45 ml of 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 . What is the
molarity of the 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 solution? 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + 𝐶2 𝑂42− + 𝐻 + → 𝑀𝑛2+ + 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂

Given: 2𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + 5𝐶2 𝑂42− + 16𝐻 + → 2𝑀𝑛2+ + 10𝐶𝑂2 + 8𝐻2 𝑂

mass 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶2 𝑂4 (pure)= 0.215g
MW 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶2 𝑂4 = 134g/mol
Vol of 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 = 45ml

Required: Molarity of 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 solution

Solution:
𝑔 𝑥𝑓
𝑁𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 𝑉𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 =[ 𝑀𝑊 𝑥1000]
𝑁𝑎2 𝐶2 𝑂4
45 0.215𝑔 𝑥2
𝑁𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 (1000 𝐿)=[ 134
𝑥1000]
𝑁𝑎2 𝐶2 𝑂4

𝑁𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 = 71.3101 N
 71.3101 N
𝑀𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 = = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟔𝟐𝟎 𝑴 𝒂𝒏𝒔
5

35. What mass of anhydrous 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 (MW=106 g/mol) is required to neutralized 800 ml of 4.0
M 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4?

Given:
MWNa2CO3 = 106 g/mol
MH2SO4 = 4M
VH2SO4= 800ml = 0.8L

Req’d: mass Na2CO3

Solution:
𝑁𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 = 4M(2) = 8N
𝑔 𝑥𝑓
𝑁𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 𝑉𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 =[ 𝑥1000]
𝑀𝑊 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3
𝑔 𝑥2
(8N)(. 800ml) = [ 𝑥1000]
106 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3

mass Na2CO3 = 0.3392g ANS

39. A 1.2048g sample of impure 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 is dissolved and allowed to react with a solution of
𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2. The resulting𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 , after precipitation, filtration, and drying, was found to weigh
1.0362g. Calculate the percent purity of the𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3.

Given: Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl

mass Na2CO3(impure) = 1.2048g
mass CaCO3 = 1.0362g

Req’d: % purity of Na2CO3

Solution: solve the mass of Na2CO3 in terms of CaCO3

1 mol CaCO3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎2𝐶𝑜3 106 𝑔
Mass Na2CO3 = 1.0362𝑔CaCO3x 𝑥 𝑥 = 1.0984 g
100𝑔 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 1 mol Na2CO3

1.0984𝑔
%𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑥 100% = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟕% 𝒂𝒏𝒔
1.2048𝑔