Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Planning is a process that involves the setting of the organization’s goals, establishing
strategies for accomplishing those goals and developing plans of actions that managers intend
to use to achieve said organizational goals. Planning is important because it provides direction
to all of the organization’s human resource’ managers and employees, reduced uncertainty and
minimizes wastes of time, effort and resources. Goals are the targets that management desires
to reach while PLANS are the means or actions which management intends to use to achieve
the said goals. Plans are best described in terms of their:
Planning can also help to achieve the Vision, Mission and Objectives of the company.
(organization and management pp51-pp52)
Vision – it is commonly shared picture of what organization wants and is committed to become
sometime in the future.
Mission – an enduring purpose of an organization’s existence that distinguishes itself from
others.
Objectives - measurable targets of how to achieve business aims.
Types of Planning
Strategic Planning – sets the long term direction of the organization in which it wants to
proceed in future.
Tactical Planning – translate the strategic plans into specific goals for specific parts of
the organizations.
Operational Planning – translate the tactical plans into specific goals and actions for
small units of the organization.
Long Term Planning – is of a strategic nature and involves long period say 3 – 5 years.
Short Term Planning – is usually a plan made for one year.
Directional Planning – flexible plans that set out general guidelines provide focus, yet
allow discretion in implementation.
Specific Planning – plans that area clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation.
Single Use Planning – these plans are derived from the standing plans.
Standing Plans – are put to use again and again over a long period of time.
Planning at Different Levels
Corporate Level
Business Level
Functional Level
a. What activities does my unit need to perform well in order to meet customer
expectations?
b. What information about competitors does my unit need in order to help the
business compete effectively?
This is the process of choosing a specific procedure or course of action from among
several possible alternatives.
Decision Making Process (make a connection with GEMS cycle on pp7 – pp11)