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Indoor Air Quality Investigation Final Report
Indoor Air Quality Investigation Final Report
FINAL REPORT
For:
Vicksburg Community Schools
301 South Kalamazoo Street
PO Box. 158
Vicksburg, Michigan 49097
At:
Sunset Lake Elementary School
201 North Boulevard Street
Vicksburg, Michigan 49097
By:
Nova Environmental, Inc.
5300 Plymouth Rd.
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
On January 24, 2019, Ms. Nancy Spicketts of Vicksburg Community Schools contacted Nova
Environmental, Inc. with a request to conduct an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) investigation at the Sunset Lake
Elementary School, located at 201 North Boulevard Street, Vicksburg, Michigan. Ms. Spicketts indicated
that there a staff member experiencing health concerns and requested an investigation of Classroom 410.
Based on the information provided by Ms. Spicketts, it was decided that the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
Investigation would include an on-site evaluation, basic parameter air quality measurements, airborne
fungal spore testing and comprehensive volatile organic compound (VOC) testing in Classroom 410.
An environmental consultant from Nova Environmental, Inc. arrive on-site and performed the investigation
on January 31, 2019.
METHODS
Nova Environmental, Inc. conducted limited indoor air quality-monitoring activities at the Sunset Lake
Elementary School.
• A visual inspection for any obvious indoor pollutant sources in area of specific concern, (Room
410);
• Air sampling in order to determine airborne concentrations of mold and fungal spores in
representative locations within the building.
INVESTIGATION SUMMARY
This section is intended to provide a general summary of the results of this IAQ Investigation. There are a
number of observations and recommendations that are made and provided later within this Report.
Although no “smoking gun” was identified that would be a single source cause of the symptoms that had
been described to the Nova representative, there are several issues that were discovered that could impact
the air quality within Classroom 410 and Sunset Elementary School as a whole.
Based on the results of the mold spore air sampling (and the fact that no visible signs of mold were
identified), it does not appear that mold is of concern within Room 410 at this time.
Based on the results of the TO-15 VOC sampling, it does not appear that VOCs are a concern within Room
410 at this time.
AIR MONITORING RESULTS
Thermal parameters of an environment, although basic in nature, should not be overlooked, as certain
temperature/humidity level combinations can affect human comfort. Temperature and relative humidity in
certain combinations can create hot and moist environments conducive to fungus/mold growth, or cold and
dry environments that increase human discomfort. Nova Environmental, Inc. conducted temperature and
relative humidity measurements in order to gather the following information during the visit:
1. Information which may be used to evaluate the general performance of the HVAC system.
2. Identify possible temperature and humidity conditions and/or combinations that may promote the
growth of mold and fungi or contribute to human discomfort.
Temperature and relative humidity readings were collected in Classroom 410 and the hall outside
Classroom 410. The temperature readings ranged from 67.5°F to 70.4°F. The relative humidity levels
ranged from 8.2% to 11.8%. Complete temperature and relative humidity data collected during the IAQ
Investigation is located in Appendix A. It should be noted that these measurements were taken on a non-
school day so do not represent measurements during occupied times.
According to industry comfort levels, the temperature ranges in the facility on the day of the investigation
feels most comfortable when the relative humidity ranges between 30% and 60%. As the data in Appendix
A indicates, the relative humidity measurements in areas sampled were well below the recommended
relative humidity ranges for the temperatures measured. This was due to the extremely low relative
humidity and low temperatures on the outside of the building. These measurements are unlikely to be
conducive to mold/mildew growth or represent a potential health concern at this time.
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) is an important parameter in assessing indoor air quality, as above-normal
concentrations can provide an indication of inadequate ventilation. Since CO₂ is expired by humans during
respiration, the level of CO₂ indoors as compared to outdoors may be used in determining the amount of
fresh outside air that is included in the total ventilation process as well as a general indication as to the
efficiency of the HVAC system. Areas with CO₂ levels that exceed 700 ppm above the outdoor ambient
level could distract from occupant comfort and can be considered to possibly be an area with inadequate
ventilation. This does not mean that areas with CO₂ levels in excess of this range are considered hazardous
or a health-related issue, but rather these levels should be used as a guideline to help maximize comfort for
all occupants. Government regulatory agencies and occupational health professional organizations have
established levels of carbon dioxide that the average worker may be exposed to on a regular basis (the
typical 40 hour work week) without any adverse effects. These levels range from 5,000 ppm (parts per
million) to 10,000 ppm.
The measured CO₂ levels on the day of the investigation ranged from 410 ppm to 487 ppm (outside CO₂
levels was 371 ppm). Variables potentially effecting the carbon dioxide levels such as whether windows
or doors were open or closed and whether the ventilation was on or off were also note during monitoring.
The carbon dioxide levels were within expected ranges and were well below OSHA/MIOSHA enforceable
limits of 5,000 ppm and 10,000 ppm respectively. Complete carbon dioxide data recorded during the
investigation is shown in Appendix A.
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide, (H2S) is a sulfur-based compound with a smell similar to that of “rotten eggs.” Hydrogen
sulfide is frequently associated with sewer gas. H ₂S measuremen
less than the instrument detection limit and are unlikely to represent a potential health concern at this time.
Nitrogen Dioxide
The most prominent sources of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) are internal combustion engines burning fossil
fuels. Outdoors, NO2 can be a result of traffic from motor vehicles. The levels of the areas sampled were
all less than the instrument detection limit and unlikely to represent a health concern at this time.
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons, (HC) are organic compounds frequently associated with the incomplete combustion of
natural gas and/or other fossil fuels. Hydrocarbon measurements were collected in part to ensure proper
operation of the facility’s HVAC systems. Hydrocarbon measurements were recorded as a percentage of
the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). The LEL is an airborne hydrocarbon level, which represents the percent
explosiveness or flammability of airborne hydrocarbons. The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) has established 10% of the LEL as a level to which building occupants or
employees may be exposed with minimal risk. During the investigation, HC measurements were less than
the instrument detection limit. Hydrocarbons are unlikely to represent a potential health concern at this
time.
Percent Oxygen
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring gaseous element essential to life processes and
combustion. In ambient atmospheres, oxygen generally represents 21% of air. Nitrogen represents the
other major component of ambient air (79%). Generally established governmental guidelines have
determined percent oxygen levels in air that are acceptable for human exposure. These guidelines establish
a range of oxygen in the air to which to humans may be exposed without the need of respiratory protection
and/or a supplemental oxygen source. These range from 19.5% to 23.5%. All of the oxygen levels recorded
during this investigation were within the established guidelines.
Bioaerosols are defined as materials that have been finely divided and suspending in the air (aerosol) that
a biological origin or activity (bio-). Ore simply, these are living or dead bacteria, mold and fungi or the
spores of mold and fungi. Individuals may react to the entire bacteria, mold and fungi or its spores, or react
to mycotoxins, the chemicals that the fungi produce as a by-product of their metabolism. These “biological
particles” and mycotoxins can affect different people in different ways and have the potential to cause a
variety of physical symptoms. Fungal air sampling can be conducted after a definite source has been
identified, as a pro-active means of characterizing a building’s air or to possibly eliminate a major fungal
infestation as the cause of occupant complaints. Although there are no regulatory standards regarding
exposures to molds, comparisons between samples can be reviewed in an attempt to determine if potential
indoor mold amplification sites exist, with the results being reported a Fungal Structures/m³. Variables
such as outdoor fungal types and concentrations as well as the number and specific types of fungal
organisms indoors and their potential sources, must all be considered when interpreting sample results; no
one comparison or interpretation is typically appropriate.
Fungal air sampling was conducted in order to characterize the indoor viable fungal spore composition in
the area of concern at Sunset Lake Elementary School. There were a total of four fungal spore samples
collected at the facility. They included 0A1 (outdoor sample), 0A2 (Room 410), 0A3 (Hall Outside 322)
and 0A4 (Room 101). Samples 0A1, 0A3, and 0A4 were collected as control samples while sample 0A2
was collected in the primary area of concern, Room 410.
As identified on the attached analytical results sheets, the exterior sample result for total fungal counts per
cubic meter, (Count/m³) was “None Detected” while the sample collected in Room 410 was 90 Count/m³,
the sample collected in the hall was 150 Count/m³ and the sample collected in Room 101 was 200 Count/m³.
Based on the fact that the sample collected in the area of concern, Room 410 was lower than the two indoor
control samples coupled with the fact that no visible signs of moisture or water intrusion were observed
during observations made, it appears that there are no growth or amplification sites of mold within the area
of concern in the building. It should be noted the lack of mold spores on the outdoor sample can be attributed
to the extremely low temperatures on the day of testing.
TO-15 analysis is a method of ambient air collection through a summa canister and analysis for a wide
range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). TO-15 analysis allows for identification of VOCs at trace
levels.
One TO-15 sample was collected as part of this IAQ investigation within Room 410. The compounds
identified within the sample were at extremely low trace levels, (thousands of times less than the OSHA
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs). It appears that the possible source of most of the compounds identified
could be from typical human uses, such as Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate which could be from perfumes and
nail polish.
OBSERVATIONS
• Although the humidity was very low, (due to the extremely cold temperatures outside), the other
general parameter measurements, including carbon dioxide were within expected parameters and
are unlikely to represent a health concern at this time.
• A visual inspection within Classroom 410 identified the presence of a strong odor emanating from
the cabinets under the sink. It appears that there are odor generating supplies, such as paints, within
the under-sink cabinets. Furthermore, a faint odor was present in the Classroom 410 closet.
• Although the carpet was very recently cleaned, there were signs of previous stains present.
• The unit ventilator (univent) within Classroom 410 had supplies that were partially blocking the
vent.
• There were no signs of water damage, moisture or mold within Classroom 410.
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Clean out all odor generating products and supplies from the cabinets under the sink, in the closet
and any other of these supplies present inside Classroom 410. Store the odor generating supplies in
leak-tight containers or outside of Classroom 410;
• Ensure that the teacher within Room 410 keeps supplies off of the univent so that the ventilation
can move freely. The implementation of this recommendation may increase the operating efficiency
of the unit as well as enhance the overall air quality within the room.
• Ensure that the interior of the univent within Classroom 410 (and all affected areas) are cleaned
and vacuumed. Also, ensure that the filters are replaced according to manufacturer’s instructions.
Furthermore, ensure that the univent is balanced, functioning properly and drawing in the
recommended amount of fresh air from outside.
• Since carpet is a sink for dust and odors, ensure that the classroom carpet is cleaned as frequently
as possible.
• Any areas or spaces with high moisture or water intrusion should be investigated immediately.
Appendix A
Occ. = Occupancy, oF = Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit, RH% = Percent Relative Humidity, CO2 = Carbon Dioxide in Parts Per Million, CO = Carbon Monoxide in Parts Per Million, H2S
= Hydrogen Sulfide in Parts Per Million, HC % = Percent Hydrocarbons, O2 % = Percent Oxygen, Cl2 = Chlorine in Parts Per Million, DO = Door Open, DC = Door Closed, WO = Windows
Open, WC = Windows Closed, VO = Vent On, VF = Vent Off, Equipment: TSI Q-Trak 8551, BW Technologies Gas Alert Micro 5
Appendix B
Start Stop
Sample
Sample Pump Flow Flow Volume
Location Start Time Stop Time Time Notes
Number I.D. Rate Rate (L)
(min)
(L/min) (L/min)
0A2 Center, Room 410 NOH 268 9:04:00 AM 9:09:00 AM 5 14.36 14.36 71.8 DC, WC, VO
0A3 Hall Outside Room 322 NOH 268 9:23:00 AM 9:28:00 AM 5 14.36 14.36 71.8
0A4 Center, Room 101 NOH 208 9:24:00 AM 9:29:00 AM 5 14.42 14.42 72.1 DC, WC, VO
DO = Door Open, DC = Door Closed, WO = Windows Open, WC = Windows Closed, VO = Vent On, VF = Vent Off, AFL = Above Floor Level, AGL = Above Ground Level
min = minutes, L = Liters, Cassette: Zefon Air-O-Cell®
EXPANDED FUNGAL REPORT TM
AIHA-LAP, LLC--EMLAP
Accreditation #223912
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
EMSL is an independent laboratory that performed the analysis of these samples. EMSL did
not conduct the sampling or site investigation for this report. The samples referenced herein
were analyzed under strict quality control procedures using state -of-the-art microbiological
methods. The analytical methods used and the data presented are scientifically and legally
defensible.
The laboratory data is provided in compliance with AIHA-LAP, LLC policy modules and ISO-IEC
17025 guidelines for the particular test(s) requested, including any associated limitations for the
methods employed. These data are intended for use by professionals having knowledge of the
testing methods necessary to interpret them accurately.
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
The analysis for total spore counts is a direct microscopic examination and does not include
culturing or growing the fungi. Therefore, the results include both viable and non-viable spores.
Some fungal groups produce similar spore types that cannot be distinguished by direct
microscopic examination alone (i.e., Aspergillus/Penicillium, and others). Other spore types may
lack distinguishing features that aid in their identification. These types are grouped into larger
categories such as Ascospores or Basidiospores.
Fungal spores are identified and grouped by morphological characteristics including color, shape,
septation, ornamentation, and fruiting structures (if present) which are compared to published
mycological identification keys and texts. EMSL reports provide spore counts per cubic meter of
air to three significant figures. Please note that each spore category is reported to three significant
figures. Due to rounding and the application of three significant figures the sum of the individual
spore numbers may not equal the total spore count on the report. EMSL does not maintain
responsibility for final volume concentrations (counts/m3) since this volume is provided by the field
collector and can not be verified by EMSL.
EMSL analyzes spore traps using phase contrast microscopy. There is a wide choice of collection
devices (Air-O-Cell, Micro-5, Burkhard, etc.) on the market. Differences in analytical method may
exist between spore trap devices.
Spore trap results are reported in spores per cubic meter of air. Due to the other airborne particles
collected with the spores, EMSL reports a background particle density. Background density is an
indication of overall particulate matter present on the sample (i.e. dust in the air). High
background concentrations may obscure spores such as the Penicillium/Aspergillus group. The
rating system is from 1-5 with 1 = 1 - 25% of the background obscured by material, 2 = 26 - 50%,
3 = 51 - 75%, 4 = 76% - 99%, 5 = 100% or overloaded. A background rating of 4 or higher should
be regarded as a minimum count since the actual concentrations may be higher than those
reported. EMSL will not be held responsible for overloading of samples. Sample volumes are left
to the discretion of the company or persons conducting the fieldwork.
Skin fragment density is the percentage of skin cells making up the total background material, 1 =
1 - 25%, 2 = 26 - 50%, 3 = 51 - 75%, 4 = 76-100%. Skin fragment density is considered an
indication of the general cleanliness in the area sampled. It has been estimated that up to 90% of
household dust consists of dead skin cells.
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
Spore Types Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total
Alternaria (Ulocladium) - - - - - - - - -
Ascospores - - - - - - - - -
Aspergillus/Penicillium - - - 2 90 100 3 100 66.7
Basidiospores - - - - - - 1 50 33.3
Bipolaris++ - - - - - - - - -
Chaetomium - - - - - - - - -
Cladosporium - - - - - - - - -
Curvularia - - - - - - - - -
Epicoccum - - - - - - - - -
Fusarium - - - - - - - - -
Ganoderma - - - - - - - - -
Myxomycetes++ - - - - - - - - -
Pithomyces++ - - - - - - - - -
Rust - - - - - - - - -
Scopulariopsis/Microascus - - - - - - - - -
Stachybotrys/Memnoniella - - - - - - - - -
Unidentifiable Spores - - - - - - - - -
Zygomycetes - - - - - - - - -
Total Fungi - None Detected - 2 90 100 4 150 100
Hyphal Fragment - - - - - - - - -
Insect Fragment - - - - - - - - -
Pollen - - - - - - - - -
Analyt. Sensitivity 600x - 45 - - 45 - - 45 -
Analyt. Sensitivity 300x - 14* - - 14* - - 14* -
Skin Fragments (1-4) - 1 - - 1 - - 1 -
Fibrous Particulate (1-4) - 1 - - 1 - - - -
Background (1-5) - 1 - - 1 - - 1 -
++ Includes other spores with similar morphology; see EMSL's fungal glossary for each specific category.
Ryan Shannon, Laboratory Manager
No discernable field blank was submitted with this group of samples. or Other Approved Signatory
Samples received in good condition unless otherwise noted. High levels of background particulate can obscure spores and other particulates, leading to underestimation. Background levels of 5 indicate an
overloading of background particulates, prohibiting accurate detection and quantification. Present = Spores detected on overloaded samples. Results are not blank corrected unless otherwise noted. The
detection limit is equal to one fungal spore, structure, pollen, fiber particle or insect fragment. "*" Denotes particles found at 300X. "-" Denotes not detected. Due to method stopping rules, raw counts in excess
of 100 are extrapolated based on the percentage analyzed. EMSL maintains liability limited to cost of analysis. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in
full, without written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation and use of test results are the responsibility of the client.
++ Includes other spores with similar morphology; see EMSL's fungal glossary for each specific category.
Ryan Shannon, Laboratory Manager
No discernable field blank was submitted with this group of samples. or Other Approved Signatory
Samples received in good condition unless otherwise noted. High levels of background particulate can obscure spores and other particulates, leading to underestimation. Background levels of 5 indicate an
overloading of background particulates, prohibiting accurate detection and quantification. Present = Spores detected on overloaded samples. Results are not blank corrected unless otherwise noted. The
detection limit is equal to one fungal spore, structure, pollen, fiber particle or insect fragment. "*" Denotes particles found at 300X. "-" Denotes not detected. Due to method stopping rules, raw counts in excess
of 100 are extrapolated based on the percentage analyzed. EMSL maintains liability limited to cost of analysis. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in
full, without written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation and use of test results are the responsibility of the client.
Outdoors
CI0513/SL111-0A1
* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. Bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.
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report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
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Rm 410
Aspergillus/Penicillium 90
CI0513/SL111-0A2
* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. Bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.
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report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
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Hall
Aspergillus/Penicillium 100
CI0513/SL111-0A3
Basidiospores 50
* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. Bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.
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report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
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Ascospores 50
Rm 101
Aspergillus/Penicillium 100
CI0513/SL111-0A4
Basidiospores 50
* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. Bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
Ascospores
50
90
Aspergillus/Penicillium
100
100
Basidiospores
50
50
* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. The bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
Fungal spores are found everywhere. Whether or not symptoms develop in people
exposed to fungi depends on the nature of the fungal material (e.g., allergenic, toxic, or
infectious), the exposure level, and the susceptibility of exposed persons. Susceptibility
varies with the genetic predisposition (e.g., allergic reactions do not always occur in all
individuals), age, pre-existing medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, cancer, or chronic lung
conditions), use of immunosuppressive drugs, and concurrent exposures. These reasons
make it difficult to identify dose/response relationships that are required to establish “safe”
or “unsafe” levels (i.e., permissible exposure limits).
It is generally accepted in the industry that indoor fungal growth is undesirable and
inappropriate, necessitating removal or other appropriate remedial actions. The New York
City guidelines and EPA guidelines for mold remediation in schools and commercial
buildings define the conditions warranting mold remediation. Always remember that water
is the key. Preventing water damage or water condensation will prevent mold growth.
This report is not intended to provide medical advice or advice concerning the relative
safety of an occupied space. Always consult an occupational or environmental health
physician who has experience addressing indoor air contaminants if you have any
questions.
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
ASCOSPORES
Natural Habitat Everywhere in nature.
Suitable Substrates in the Depends on genus and species.
Indoor Environment
Water Activity Depends on genus and species.
Mode of Dissemination Forcible ejection or passive release and dissemination by wind or insects.
Allergic Potential Depends on genus and species.
Potential or Opportunistic Depends on genus and species.
Pathogens
Industrial Uses Depends on genus and species.
Potential Toxins Produced Depends on genus and species.
Other Comments Ascospores are the result of sexual reproduction and produced in a saclike structure called an
ascus. All ascospores belong to members of the Phylum Ascomycota , which encompasses a
plethora of genera worldwide.
ASPERGILLUS/PENICILLIUM
Natural Habitat Plant debris ·Seed ·Cereal crops
Suitable Substrates in the Grows on a wide range of substrates indoors ·Prevalent in water damaged buildings ·Foods
Indoor Environment (blue mold on cereals, fruits, vegetables, dried foods) ·House dust ·Fabrics ·Leather
·Wallpaper ·Wallpaper glue
Water Activity Aw=0.75-0.94
Mode of Dissemination Wind ·Insects
Allergic Potential Type I (hay fever, asthma) ·Type III (hypersensitivity)
Potential or Opportunistic Possible depending on the species.
Pathogens
Industrial Uses Many depending on the species
Potential Toxins Produced Possible depending on the species.
Other Comments Spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (including others such as Acremonium, Talaromyces,
and Paecilomyces) are small and spherical with few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot
be differentiated or speciated by non-viable impaction sampling methods. Some species with
very small spores may be undercounted in samples with high background debris.
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
BASIDIOSPORES
Natural Habitat Forest floors. Lawns .Plants (saprobes or pathogens depending on genus)
Suitable Substrates in the Depends on genus. Wood products
Indoor Environment
Water Activity Unknown.
Mode of Dissemination Forcible ejection. Wind currents.
Allergic Potential Type I allergies (hay fever, asthma) . Type III (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
Potential or Opportunistic Depends on genus.
Pathogens
Industrial Uses Edible mushrooms are used in the food industry.
Potential Toxins Produced Amanitins. monomethyl-hydrazine. muscarine. ibotenic acid. psilocybin.
Other Comments Basidiospores are the result of sexual reproduction and formed on a structure called the
basidium. Basidiospores belong to the members of the Phylum Basidiomycota, which includes
mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts.
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
Books
· Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. Janet Macher, Ed., American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH 1999.
· Exposure Guidelines for Residential Indoor Air Quality. Environmental Health Directorate,
Health Protection Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 1989.
· Fungal Contamination in Public Buildings: Health Effects and Investigation Methods. Health
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 2004.
· IICRC: S500 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration .
3rd Edition, Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification, Vancouver, WA,
2006
IICRC: S520 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation. 1st
Edition, Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification, Vancouver, WA,
2004
Consumer Links
Read the full text of AIHA’s "The Facts About Mold" consumer brochure.
<http://www.aiha.org/get-involved/VolunteerGroups/Documents/BiosafetyVG-FactsAbout%2
0MoldDecember2011.pdf>
CDC Stachybotrys - Questions and answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds
http://www.cdc.gov/mold/stachy.htm
IOM, NAS: Clearing the Air: Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures
https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/should-you-have-air-ducts-your-home-cleaned
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
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H.R.: The United States Toxic Mold Safety and Protection Act
EPA
"Should You Have the Air Ducts in Your Home Cleaned?"
<http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/airduct.html>
General information about molds and actions that can be taken to clean up or prevent a mold
problem.
<http://www.epa.gov/asthma/molds.html>
“A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home” - Includes basic information on mold,
cleanup guidelines, and moisture and mold prevention
http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.html
FEMA
“Homes That Were Flooded May Harbor Mold Problems” - Information and tips for cleaning
mold.
http://www.fema.gov/news-release/homes-were-flooded-may-harbor-mold-problems
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
Samples analyzed by EMSL will be retained for 60 days after analysis date Storage beyond
this period is available for a fee with written request prior to the initial 30 day period.
Samples containing hazardous/toxic substances which require special handling will be
returned to the client immediately. EMSLreserves the right to charge a sample disposal fee
or return samples to the client.
All changes in the scope of work or turnaround time requested by the client after sample
acceptance must be made in writing and confirmed in writing by EMSL. If requested
changes result in a change in cost the client must accept payment responsibility. In the
event work is cancelled by a client, EMSL will complete work in progress and invoice for work
completed to the point of cancellation notice. EMSL is not responsible for. holding times
that are exceeded due to such changes.
C. Warranty
EMSL warrants to its clients that all services provided hereunder shall be performed in
accordance with established and recognized analytical testing procedures and with
reasonable care in accordance with applicable federal, state and local laws. The foregoing
express warranty is exclusive and is given in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or
implied. EMSL disclaims any other warranties, express or implied, including a warranty of
fitness for particular purpose and warranty of merchantability.
D. Limits of Liability
In no event shall EMSL be liable for indirect, special, consequential, or incidental damages,
including, but not limited to, damages for loss of profit or goodwill regardless of the
negligence (either sole or concurrent) of EMSL and whether EMSL has been informed of the
possibility of such damages, arising out of or in connection with EMSL’s services thereunder
or the delivery, use, reliance upon or interpretation of test results by client or any third party.
We accept no legal responsibility for the purposes for which the client uses the test results .
EMSL will not be held responsible for the improper selection of sampling devices even if we
supply the device to the user. The user of the sampling device has the sole responsibility to
select the proper sampler and sampling conditions to insure that a valid sample is taken for
analysis. Any resampling performed will be at the sole discretion of EMSL, the cost of which
shall be limited to the reasonable value of the original sample delivery group (SDG) samples.
In no event shall EMSL be liable to a client or any third party, whether based upon theories
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
E. Indemnification
Client shall indemnify EMSL and its officers, directors and employees and hold each of them
harmless for any liability, expense or cost, including reasonable attorney’s fees, incurred by
reason of any third party claim in connection with EMSL services, the test result data or its
use by client
This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this
report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.
© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.
DO = Door Open, DC = Door Closed, WO = Windows Open, WC = Windows Closed, VO = Vent On, VF = Vent Off
EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077
Customer ID: NOVA53
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
If "Preliminary Report" is displayed in the signature box; this indicates that there are samples that have not yet been analyzed, that are in a preliminary state,
or that analysis is in progress but not completed at the time of report issue.
The samples associated with this report were received in good condition unless otherwise noted. This report relates only to those items tested as received by
the laboratory. The results are not blank corrected unless otherwise noted. Interpretation and use of test results are the responsibility of the client. This
report may not be reproduced except in full and without written approval by EMSL Analytical, Inc.
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EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077
Customer ID: NOVA53
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
Case Narrative
Method Reference
USEPA: Compendium Method TO-15, “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air…" Collected in Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzed by
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), January 1999, (EPA/625/R-96/010b).
Column
Restek RTX-502.2, 60m, 0.25mm ID, 1.4um
Concentrator Traps:
Entech Dual Cold Traps: (1) 1/8” No Packing, (2) 1/8” Tenax.
Gas Standards:
Certified Gas standards were used for all analyses.
Sample Volumes:
Sample volume aliquots for this procedure are 250cc for indoor/ ambient air and 25cc for soil gas. Other volumes for sample dilutions are reflected on each result
page.
Holding Times:
Standard holding times of 30 days were met for all samples.
Sampling Pressures:
All samples were received at acceptable pressure/vacuum unless listed below.
Sample Dilutions:
Dilutions reported are designated by the sample # with a "DL" suffix resulting from initial analysis having compounds exceeding calibration as reported with an "E"
qualifier. Ethanol and Isopropanol are not diluted for and may be reported with an "E" qualifier on the final result.
QA/QC criteria outside method specifications are listed below (if applicable).
Initial Calibration
All Initial Calibration criteria met method specification.
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EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077
Customer ID: NOVA53
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
Case Narrative
Manual Integration : -Listed below if applicable. Before and after documentation provided in extended deliverable packages.
The following data qualifiers that may have been reported with the data,
ND- Non Detect. This notation would be used in the results column in lieu of a "U" qualifier.
U- Compound was analyzed for but not detected at a listed and appropriately adjusted reporting level.
J- Estimated value reported below adjusted reporting limit for target compounds or estimating a concentration for TICs where a 1:1 response is assumed
B- Compound found in associated method blank as well as in the sample.
E- Estimated value exceeding upper calibration range of instrument. Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are not specifically targeted to dilute within calibration range.
D- Compound reported from additional diluted analysis.
N- indicates presumptive evidence of a compound based on library search match.
EMSL Analytical, Inc. certifies that this data package is in compliance with the terms and conditions of this contract, both technically and for completeness, for other than the conditions
detailed above. Release of the data contained in this hardcopy data package and in the computer –readable data submitted on diskette has been authorized by the laboratory manager or
his/her designee, as verified by the following signature.
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EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor
Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1
4 of 9
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EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor
Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1
Qualifier Definitions
ND = Non Detect
B = Compound also found in method blank.
E= Estimated concentration exceeding upper calibration range.
D= Result reported from diluted analysis.
Method Reference r
USEPA: Compendium Method TO-15, “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air…" Collected in Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzed by Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), January 1999, (EPA/625/R-96/010b).
5 of 9
491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 5 of 7
EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor
Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1
Qualifier Definitions
(1) = If unknown, MW is assigned as equivalent Toluene (92) for ug/m3 conversion purposes.
B = Compound also found in method blank.
J= Estimated value based on a 1:1 response to internal standard.
N= Presumptive evidence of compound based on library match.
Method Reference
USEPA: Compendium Method TO-15, “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air…" Collected in Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzed by Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), January 1999, (EPA/625/R-96/010b).
6 of 9
491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 6 of 7
EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor
Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1
Qualifier Definitions
B = Compound also found in method blank.
E= Estimated concentration exceeding upper calibration range.
D= Result reported from diluted analysis.
Qualifier Definitions
(1) = If unknown, MW is assigned as equivalent Toluene (92) for ug/m3 conversion purposes.
B = Compound also found in method blank.
J= Estimated value based on a 1:1 response to internal standard.
N= Presumptive evidence of compound based on library match.
7 of 9
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EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor
Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1
1 of 3
491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 1 of 3
EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor
Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1
Value exceeds the theoretical risk that 1 in a population of 100,000 will experience deliterious health effects. Thus is a theoretical risk and not an actual epidemiological one.
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EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079
200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1
Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53
http://www.EMSL.com to15lab@EMSL.com Customer PO: Not Available
Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor
Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1
Qualifier Definitions
ND = Non Detect
B = Compound also found in method blank.
E= Estimated concentration exceeding upper calibration range.
D= Result reported from diluted analysis.
Sources References
(1) NJDEP "Common Household Sources of Background Indoor Air Contamination". June 26, 2012
(2) NYSDOH "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Commonly Used Products", 2007
(3) EPA, Air & Radiation, TTN Web - Technology Transfer NetworkAir Toxics Web site, various years.
(4) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA. 1998.
(5) OFFICE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TOXICS, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, August 1994, EPA 749-F-94-012a
(6) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. 1985.
(7) World Health Organization,
(8) Product Safety Assessment, Revised: November 19, 2010 The Dow Chemical Company
(9) California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, PROPOSED ACTION LEVEL FOR 2-CHLOROTOLUENE
(10) Delaware Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health, Revised: 01/2010
(11) USEPA, Envirofacts Master Chemical Integrator (EMCI), Scorecard, 4/10/2009
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Appendix D
Photos
Photo of Classroom 410