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Embedded Systems:: G P Computer System
Embedded Systems:: G P Computer System
Design Metrics:
cost (NRE and unit)
Time to market
Power, Performance, Size
Flexibility
Maintainability
Safety and Security
Classification of Embedded Systems
Small scale
electronic toy, digital watch, home security system, barcode reader,
data acquisition system, lighting control, elevator control
Medium scale
audio/video compression, image processing, digital camera, portable
video games, ATM, TV set top box, medical instruments
Sophisticated (Cutting edge)
Smart Phone, High speed routers, Flight control, Sophisticated industrial
control & Automation
Example (Telegraph) :
(1) Processors:
General Purpose Processors : e.g.68HCxxx, intel 80x86, SPARC,
PowerPC
Enhanced Computing Capability
Graphics processing
ASSP/ASIP :
processor with hardwired logic customized to an application
Elements of embedded systems
(2) Memories:
ROM variants (masked ROM, OTPROM, EEPROM, FLASHROM):
Stores firmware (codes for initializing hardware and loading embedded OS),
code for embedded OS and application software
[2] BSP:
System software library to that is needed to use hardware board
BSP a set of libraries (of h/w specific functionalities) that can be accessed
by application software
Device Drivers
Device Driver is software that communicates with hardware peripherals
Initializing and configuring hardware peripheral, Interrupt handling and
processing, transmitting/receiving data, handling I/O error etc.
Low level access – Buffers, Control/Status registers & Flags of I/O chip
Essential to know hardware interfacing, memory addresses assigned, Interrupt
used etc. to develop driver
Threads:
Threads are subunits of a process which may execute simultaneously
Process may contain multiple threads. All threads of a process run in address space of
same process.
Have their own PC, stack and registers which are private and never shared
Advantages:- reduces context switching overhead, multiple control points in a
process, improves responsiveness
Process & Thread