LP01_Mixtures & Substances_Class D (differentiated environment)

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE VII

(MIXTURES & SUBSTANCES)

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

C – Identify the different properties of mixtures and substances.

P – Perform experiments to distinguish mixtures from substances.

A – Appreciate the value of mixtures and substances in everyday life.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Solutions
References: Grade 7 Science Teacher’s Guide; Grade 7 Science Learner’s Module
Materials: Distilled water, brine, benzoic acid, laboratory equipment (as specified
in the Learner’s Module, observation sheets

III. PROCEDURE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

A. Preliminary Activities
1. Daily Routine
a. Prayer
b. Checking of Attendance
c. Greetings
d. Passing of Assignment
2. Review
Class, what have we learned last Last meeting, we discussed the different
meeting? properties of solutions.

What is a solution? A solution is a homogenous mixture in

which the components cannot be
distinguished from one another and
cannot be separated by filtration.

How would you know if a solution A solution is saturated if it cannot

is saturated? dissolve any more solute.

What are the ways to make the The solute can dissolve faster if the
solute dissolve faster? solution is stirred, if the solute has
smaller particles or if the solvent is at a
higher temperature.
 3. Motivation
As we have seen in our activities
last meeting, a solution is a type of
mixture, which is composed of two
or more components.

For instance, brine is composed of Salt and water, ma’am.

what?

Very good! Most of the things we

see around us are mixtures
composed of two or more
components. If we break down a
mixture to its components, we will
get various SUBSTANCES. Salt
and water are examples of
substances.

Do you want to learn more about Yes, ma’am.

mixtures and substances?

B. Developmental Activities
1. Presentation
Today we will learn about
mixtures and substances.

2. Activity 1/Abstraction
To understand the difference
between mixtures and substances,
we need to do some experiments. I
will need a few volunteers to help
with the experiments. The rest of
you, please observe carefully and
take down notes.
Experiment 1: (Volunteers perform experiment as
1. Prepare a distillation setup as instructed.)
shown in Figure 1. Place about
60 mL of brine in the sample
flask. Add 2-3 small boiling
chips.
2. Apply heat to the sample flask
until you have collected about
15 mL of the distilled water
(distillate).
3. Taste a portion of the distillate.
Compare the taste of the
distillate with that of brine.
4. While allowing the remaining
brine to cool, prepare an
evaporation setup as shown in
Figure 2.
5. Transfer the cooled liquid to
the evaporating dish.
6. Apply heat to the seawater
until all the liquid has
evaporated. Let it cool.
Examine what is left in the
evaporating dish.
7. The solid that is left behind in
the evaporating dish is called
the residue. Taste a small
portion of the residue.

Class, what have you observed After distilling some of the brine, the
during our experiment? resulting distilled water did not taste
salty at all. After all of the water has
evaporated, a residue remained in the
container. The residue tasted salty.

Based on your observations? Can Brine is a mixture ma’am because we

you say brine is a mixture or a have succeeded in separating its
substance? components.

Very good! Let’s now proceed to

the next experiment.
Experiment 2: (Volunteers perform experiment as
1. Place about 15 mL of distilled instructed.)
water into a beaker. Label it
properly. Describe the
appearance and odor of your
sample. In your worksheet,
write your descriptions in
Table 1.
2. Cover the mouth of the beaker
with aluminum foil. Using the
tip of your pen, poke a hole at
the center of the foil. The hole
should be big enough for the
thermometer to pass through.
3. Prepare the setup as shown in
Figure 3.
4. Begin recording the
temperature when the sample
starts to boil vigorously.
Record your temperature
reading in Table 1 under the
column, Distilled water.
5. Continue boiling and take at
least 5 readings at intervals of
30 seconds after the liquid has
started to boil vigorously. Note
even the slight changes in
temperature. Record your
temperature readings in Table
1 under the column, Distilled
water.
6. Stop heating when the liquid
sample reaches half of its
original volume.
7. Present your data for distilled
water in a graph. Place the
temperature reading along the
y-axis and the time along the
x-axis. Label the graphs
appropriately.
8. Repeat steps 1 to 7 using brine.
This time, record your
temperature readings in Table
1 under the column, Brine.
Note even the slight changes in
temperature.
What have you observed? Distilled water boils at a constant
temperature while brine boils at a
varying temperature.

Based on those observations, what Liquid substances boil at a constant

can you say about liquid temperature, ma’am.
substances?

Excellent! Let’s now perform the

third experiment.

Experiment 3: (Volunteers perform experiment as

1. Prepare the setup as shown in instructed.)
Figure 6.
2. Using the tip of a ballpen cap,
place about a scoop of benzoic
acid in X1 and benzoic acid-
salt mixture in X4 marks of the
improvised melting dish. Do
not put anything in the X2 and
X3 marks.
3. Examine each sample.
Describe the appearance. In
your worksheet, write your
descriptions for the two
samples in Table 2.
4. Make sure that each sample
receives the same amount of
heat. Observe each sample as
they melt.

What have you observed? We have observed that the pure benzoic
acid melted smoothly while in the salt-
benzoic acid mixture, some particles did
not appear to melt.

Why do you think is that? Maybe because the salt has a different
melting temperature and the heat we
applied was not enough to melt it.

That is absolutely correct! A solid

mixture melts at varying
temperature because of the
different melting points of its
components.
 3. Activity 2 [note: this part is
differentiated]
Now, to see how much you have
learned about our topic today, I
want you to answer the following
questions.

1. How can you differentiate a

liquid substance from a liquid
mixture?
2. How can you differentiate a
solid substance from a solid
mixture?
3. Based on these characteristics,
what can you say about
substances?

You choose to answer these

questions individually, with a pair,
or in small groups of 3-5 members.

Understood? Yes, ma’am.

You have 10 minutes to finish the
activity. Start now.
(After 10 minutes, students pass their
output.)
C. Post-Activity
1. Generalization
Okay, let’s review what we have
learned so far.
How would you distinguish a A liquid substance boils at a constant
liquid mixture from a liquid temperature while a liquid mixture boils
substance? at varying temperature.

How about a solid mixture and a A solid substance melts at a constant

solid substance? temperature while a solid mixture melts
at varying temperature.

2. Application
Who here as a pack of crackers or Me, ma’am.
any packaged food?

Do you see the list of ingredients? (Student does as told.)

Kindly read it.
 Crackers are an example of
mixture. Its components may also
be mixtures (such as flour) or
substances (such as monosodium
glutamate, sodium chloride, etc.).

Now who has another packaged (Students do as told.)

food? This time let your
classmates guess whether each
ingredient is a mixture or a
substance.

3. Valuing
Most of the things around us are
mixtures. Ultimately, these
mixtures are composed of
substances. These are very
important to our daily lives. For
example, can we live without salt?
Salt is a substance, right? In our
next meeting, we will learn that
there are also many kinds of
substances that have different
properties and uses.

IV. EVALUATION

Answer the following questions in a ¼ sheet of paper.

1. You were tasked to check if the liquid sample you have is a substance or a
mixture. Which among these tests is the BEST way to do so?
I. Color comparison
II. Taste comparison
III. Boiling test
IV. Melting test
a. I, II, III and IV
b. I, II and III only
c. I, II and IV only
d. I and III only
2. Which of the following statements best describes substances and mixtures?
a. Both mixtures and substances are heterogeneous.
b. A mixture is always heterogeneous while a substance is always
homogeneous.
c. A substance is always homogeneous while a mixture may be homogenous
or heterogeneous.
 d. A mixture is always composed of heterogeneous substances.
3. A liquid has the following properties: one-phase, colorless, boils at varying
temperature. Which of the following BEST describes the liquid?
a. Solution
b. Substance
c. Suspension
d. Coarse mixture
4. Which of the following things from the kitchen is an example of a substance?
a. liquid seasoning
b. monosodium glutamate
c. vinegar
d. oyster sauce
5. Do you think the water from your tap is a mixture or a substance? Why?
6. A liquid boils at a varying temperature. What is it and why?
a. A mixture, because the substances it contains have different boiling points.
b. A substance, because the boiling point of a substance is never constant.
c. Undetermined, because boiling point alone is not a determinant of whether
a thing is a substance or a mixture.
d. A substance, because only mixtures can have a constant boiling point.
7. Jill has an unopened box of a 2-meter foil labeled 100% made of aluminum.
Aluminum is a substance. Jill takes just a thumb-size piece of the aluminum foil.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the piece of aluminum foil that
Jill took compared with the rest that was left in the box?
a. Its mass and melting behavior are different.
b. Its mass and melting behavior are the same.
c. The mass is different but the melting behavior is the same.
d. The mass is the same but the melting behavior is different.
8. John is to melt a piece of bronze, which is a solid solution. What result is to be
expected?
a. The bronze will melt at a constant temperature.
b. Only some of the bronze will melt, leaving a solid residue.
c. The bronze will never melt.
d. The bronze will melt at a varying temperature at a certain range.
9. A group of students were asked to do a boiling test to determine if the sample is a
substance or a mixture. Which is the dependent variable of the experiment?
a. The amount of sample left after boiling.
b. The temperature of the sample when boiling.
c. The time it takes for each sample to boil.
d. The time it takes for each sample to evaporate completely.
10. In the same experiment above, which of the following is the independent
variable?
a. The composition of the sample (substance or mixture).
b. The boiling temperature of the sample.
c. The amount of sample used.
d. The time used to heat the sample.
V. ASSIGNMENT
Look for any packed food product from the grocery or supermarket. List the
ingredients and research whether each ingredient is a mixture or a substance.
Write your answers on a ¼ sheet of paper.