Relation of bodies of water: Hydrology

Hydrology

Surface Hydrology:

Flooding, nutrient runoff, and pollutants are a few of the effects addressed, as well as the destruction of
civil constructions such as dams. Methods of hydraulic and hydrologic design regulation are also
undertaken in this field of study, as researchers simulate the long and short-term effects of
anthropogenically manipulated surface water forms.

Isotope hydrology:

Isotopic dating involves measuring the levels of deviation in the isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in
water. Researchers are able to determine groundwater dated as far back as the Ice Age by using these
techniques. Isotope hydrology deals with water usage policy, mapping aquifers, conservation of water
resources, and maintaining pollution levels.

Hydromorphology: is the study of the physical characteristics of bodies of water on the Earth's surface,
including river basins, channels, streams, and lakes. Water quality, levels of pollution, and biological
components needed for ecological system maintenance are a few areas assessed when classifying water
systems. Hydromorphology studies the dynamics of groundwater flow into channels, lakes, and streams.
It measures flow patterns and geometry as well as routing flows to avoid flooding or drought.

Hydrogeochemistry: Hydrogeochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to
explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the earth's crust and its oceans. .

Hydrography as it applies to the area of coastlines can be defined as ' (1) the description and study of
seas, lakes, rivers and other waters. (2) The science of locating aids and dangers to navigation. (3) The
description of physical properties of the waters of a region'. The term 'Hydrography' as it applies to the
area of reclamation can be defined as ' Scientific study of physical aspects of all waters on the Earth's
surface. Water features in 7.5-minute quads include lakes, shorelines, and drainage routing'.

Arid zone hydrology:

Arid areas lack vegetation and they are also called deserts. Arid zones are usually areas of scarce
hydrological data. Any study requires an iterative approach to be adopted to develop water resources,
with initial information often derived from other geographical regions which have similar aridity
characteristics. Arid zones present special problems to hydrologists. Describing the hydrological balance
is difficult as very little of the potential evaporation demand is satisfied. Only a small proportion of the
rainfall becomes runoff except in extreme storms. The amount of rainfall tends to be highly variable in
arid regions both in time and space. This leads to very high variability of runoff. Water, especially
groundwater, is the key to life in semi-arid and arid zones