FM DEMODULATORS

8.1 Experimental Results For Reference... ... ... . . . . . . .. . ... . . . .. 8-1

Experiment 8-1 LM565 PLL Characteristic Measurements
Experiment 8-2 LM565 V-F Characteristic Measurements
Experiment 8-3 PLL Frequency Demodulator
Experiment 8-4 FM to AM Frequency Demodulator
8.2 Answers To Questions ... ~ ~
Unit 8 FM Demodulators

8.1 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR REFERENCE

Experiment 8-1 LM565 PLL Characteristic Measurements

Table 8-1

Free-running Lock Range Capture Range

C ,f Frequency Range
fr. h.
f0h f01 f~h ~LI fch fcl

3.0 0.8 3.17 0.79

c2 kHz kHz kHz kHZ
0.1 2
10.35 0.66
pF kHz
~ H Z kHz
fL=l.1 kHz fc= 1.19 kHz

23.9 16.1 23.8 16.3

c5 kHz kHz kHz kHz
0.01 20
77.5 5.12
pF kHz ~ H Z kHz
fL= 3.9 kHz fc= 3.75 kHz
Unit 8 FM Demodulators

Experiment 8-2 LM565 V-F Characterístic Measurements

Table 8-2

(Vm=0.5Vp-p,fo=2kHz, C2=0.1pF)

lnput Frequency
0.5 1.O 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
( kHz )
Out of
Output Voltage 4.55 4.33 4.05 3.77 3.47 3.15 lock
range
(V >

Output
voltage

lnput
frequency
(m)
Unit 8 FM Demodulators

Table 8-3

(V,=0.5 Vp-p,foz20 kHz, C5=0.01pF)

Input Frequency
16.5 17.5 18.5 20 21.5 22.5 23.5
( kHz
Output Voltage
4.23 4.17 4.1 1 4.01 3.92 3.86 3.79
(V)

Output
voltage
(VI

4.5-

4.0-

Input
3.5 1 1 I I I I l > frequency
16.5 17.5 18.5 20 21.5 22.5 23.5 (KHz)

Fig. 8-10
Unit 8 FM Demodulators

Experíment 8-3 PLL Freguency Demodulator

Table 8-4

(Vm=300mVp-p,f,=20kHz)

Input Waveform Output Waveform

,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,
, , , ,
.."- , , ,, , . . ,,, . , , , .. , ,,,..
,
Unit 8 FM Dernodulators

Table 8-5

(Vm=5OOmVp-p,J;,=20kHz)

Audio
Input Waveform Output Waveform
Frequency

Tek S1, 1Trb'd M Por; -10,001ir MEASURE

, , , , . , , , ,
........................................

1 kHz

. . . . . .
, , , . . , , ,

. . . . . . .

CH1 5OOmV M lOOpr CH1 f 92,OmV CHI lOOmV M 250pr CH1 / 92,OmV
RefA 1,00V 500pr RefA 1,OOV 500~~s

, , , , -
...
, , . ,
................

3 kHz

. . ,
. . . . . . . . . . . .
, . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 CH2 Off
. . . . . "

. . . . . m
CH1
1- 500mV M 50,Ops 92,OmV CH1 100mV M 100ir CH1 f92,OmV
RcfA 1,OOV 500~~5 RefA 1,00V 500~~s
 FM Dernodulators

Experiment 8-4 FM to AM Frequency Demodulator

Table 8-6

(Vrn=2Vp-p)

Audio
Input Waveform Output Waveform
Frequency

, . , , - , , , ,

1 kHz

.. . . ..... .. . . .... .... .

RefA 1,ODV 5 0 0 ~ s RefA 1,00V 500,ur

3 kHz

... . . .

RefA 1.00V 5 0 0 ~ s RefA 1.00V 500rr

Unit 8 FM Demodulators

8.2 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

1. When the input frequencies are outside the lock range, the VCO output
frequency is the free-running frequency.

2. The lock range is wider than the capture range.

3. The capacitor C3 and the interna1 resistor 3.6 KQ of LM565 output form as a
first-order low-pass filter which is used to remove the ac components from
output signal. If C3 is changed from O.1pF to O.OIpF, the ripple will increase in
amplitude.

4. If a low-pass filter is added in cascade, the output signal will become smoother.
The circuit is shown in Fig. C8-1 and the 3dB frequency is given by

+J v

6 10

2 ==c3
lnput O luF R Output
3
Phase
detector %- AMP m3 6k m
u

2 7k
- O
C
5 -
/
1--
--C 4 TOOI~F
-
-
LM565 0.001uF

I st-order low-pass filter

+5v

Fig. C8-1
Unit 8 FM Demodulators

5. The functional blocks of a frequency doubler is shown in Fig. C8-2 where N=2.

fr - Phase
detector
A
-
'
Low-pass
filter
VCO >fo

+N <
fd

Fig. C8-2

If the loop is locked

If N=2, then

The practica1 circuit of frequency doubler is shown in Fig. C8-3.

Unit 8 FM Demodulators

Fig. C8-3