SYNOPSIS

HOUSEHOLD ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION:-

E-waste means the electronic waste or the electronic products nearing the

end of their useful life. For example:- Discarded Computers,VCR’s,

Stereos, Walkman, Copiers, Fax- Machines, electric Lamps, Cell Phones etc

COMPOSITION OF E-WASTE:-

 The composition of e-waste may be divided broadly into six categories

such as Iron and steel, used for casings and frames

 Non-ferrous metals, especially copper used in cables, and aluminium

Glass used for screens, windows

 Plastic used as casing, in cables and for circuit boards • Electronic

components

 Others (rubber, wood, ceramic etc

Indian scenario of e-waste:-

 The story of current Indian e-waste management is different from the

worldwide practises.
 E-waste is a serious issue because of the informal recycling activities.

Therefore, quantification of e-waste in India is very difficult and, there is no

mechanism and policy to check the flow of e-waste in the system.

 In case of PCs, 22% of the e-waste is generated by households and it is the

business sector which accounts for the 78% the e-waste, because 83% of

household customers are first time buyers. So business sector is mainly

responsible for the waste generation. In addition to this, about 1050 tonnes

per year of computer waste comes from retailers and manufacturers. This is

important to note that in spite of global agreements, e-waste from developed

nations is imported to developing nations like India.

 Sixty-five cities in India generate more than 60% of the total e-waste

generated in India.

 Ten states generate 70% of the total e-waste generated in India. Maharashtra

followed by Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal,

Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab in the list of e-waste

generating states in India.

 Among top ten cities generating e-waste, Mumbai ranks first followed by

Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat

and Nagpur.
 There has been a significant increase in quantity of generation of e-

waste in the USA, the EU and developing countries like India and

China

Sources of e-wastes:-

 Wastes generated from the products used for data processing such as

computers, computer devices like monitor, speakers, keyboards, printers etc.

 Electronic devices used for entertainment like TV, DVD’s and CD player.

 Equipment or devices used for communication like phones, fax etc.

 Household equipments like vacuum cleaner, micro ovens, air conditioner etc.

 Audiovisual components such as VCR’s stereo equipment etc.

EFFECTS OF E-WASTE ON THE ENVIRONMENT:-

 Emissions from e-waste create environmental damage.

  Toxic chemicals from e-waste enter the soil-crop by food path way.

 The e-wastes are non bio-degradable and causes soil pollution.

 E-wastes dumping yards and nearby places are polluted and causes health

hazards.

HEALTH HAZARDS CAUSED BY EXPOSURE TO E-WASTE:-

Hazardous components Effect of Hazardous components

of e-waste
 Can affect skin and can decrease nerve

conduction velocity. Chronic exposure

1. Arsenic
to arsenic may cause lung cancer and

sometimes be fatal.

2. Lead May affect kidneys, reproductive

systems, and nervous connections.

May cause blood and brain.

disorders, sometimes may be fatal

3. Barium Can affect heart muscle.

4. Chromium Can damage liver, kidneys and may

cause asthmatic bronchitis and lung

cancer.

5. Beryllium
May cause lung diseases

Affects the central nervous system,

 6. Mercury kidneys and immune system, it impairs

foetus growth.

 Toxic irreversible effects on

7.Cadmium (CD)
human health.

 Accumulates in kidney and liver

Causes neural damage.

 Teratogenic

8.Hexavalent chromium (Cr) VI  Asthmatic bronchitis.

 DNA damage.

9.Brominated flame retardants (BFR) Disrupts endocrine system functions

Front
MOBILE WASTES:-

 Most cell phones contain precious metals and plastics that can

be recycled to save energy and resources that would otherwise be

required to mine or manufacture.

 When placed in a landfill, these materials can pollute the air and

contaminate soil and drinking water.

 Components / Parts of Mobile Phone:-

 The various components / parts of mobile phones are as follows. Lens,

internal antenna, aerial, speakers, earpiece, microphone, microphone

connectors, loud speakers, buzzers, ringers, charging blocks, system

connectors, chassis, slide mechanism, ribbon cables, sim slot covers,

readers, backup, battery, battery clip, covers, battery contacts, connectors

and kea pad membrane etc.

 BATTERY WASTES:-
  Battery recycling is a recycling activity that aims to reduce the number

of batteries being disposed as municipal solid waste.

 Batteries contain a heavy metals and toxic chemicals and disposing of

them by the same process as regular trash has raised concerns over soil

contamination and water pollution.

 COMPUTER WASTES:-

 Computer components contain many toxic substances,

like dioxins, polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs), cadmium, chromium, radioac

tive isotopes and mercury.

 A typical computer monitor may contain more than 6% lead by weight,

much of which is in the lead glass of the cathode ray tube (CRT).

 A typical 15 inches (38 cm) computer monitor may contain 1.5 pounds

(1 kg) of lead. But other monitors have been estimated to have up to 8

pounds (4 kg) of lead.

 Components / Parts of Computer: -

 The various components / parts of computers are as follows. Mother Board,

SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply), RAM (Random Access Memory),

Hard Disk, Processors, Capacitors, IC‟s (Integrated Circuits), Main Board,

Magnetic Touching Sheet, CD Drive, Floppy Drive and diodes etc.

OBJECTIVES:-

 The main objective is to reduce the e-waste efficiently and to develop a

effective mechanism to regulate generation, collection, storage, transport,

import, export, recycling, treatment and disposal of e-waste.

  The development of a robot from a e-wastes which is useful for the

human kind

 To minimise the e-waste by recycling process or by reusing the chemicals

 The three wastes are mainly considered they are mobile, battery,

computer wastes. The study of these three wastes is effectively carried

out.

LITERATURE SURVEY:-

 ELECTRONIC WASTE: A GROWING CONCERN IN TODAY’S

ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY

 MS. SUKESHINI JADHAV.ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, INDIRA

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, PUNE

 Recycling of Mobile Phone Waste Md. Rubel Miah*, Abu Md. Saifuddoha,

Md. Shohel Parvez, Abdun Noor, Chandan Chakraborty, Taslima Tabassum.

 Proposed Solution of e-Waste ManagementShagun, Ashwani Kush, and

Anupam Arora

 A review on various electronic waste recycling techniques and hazards due

to its improper handling. Shubham Gupta1, Gaurav Modi1,Rahul Saini2,

VijayaAgarwala1,2 1Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department,

IIT Roorkee. 2Centre of Nanotechnology, IIT Roorkee

 Study paper One-waste management By Ram Krishna, DDG(FA), TEC ,

New Delhi &Ms.SampaSaha, Director (ER), RTEC, Kolkata

 Electrical and Electronic Waste Management Practice by households in

Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Junaidah Ahmad KalanDepartment of Envir

onmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti

Putra, Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

junearjue@gmail.com

 Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management in India: A Review Dr. Kousar

Jahan Ara Begum Prof. & Principal, BES College, IV Block, Jayanagar,

Bangalore – 560011

 Electronic Waste Generation: Observational Status and Local Concept along

with Environmental Impact Md. Abdur Rakib1*, Mohammad Ali2

 Electronics Waste: Recycling of Mobile Phones Pia Tanskanen Nokia

Corporation Finland.

 CAUSES, IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC WASTES:

CASE STUDY OF SOME NIGERIAN COMMUNITIES.

METHODOLOGY:-

METHODOLOGY TO RECYCLE E- WASTES:-

 Step 1: Dismantling and sorting:-

 Dismantle and sort into the following components - batteries (Lithium Ion),

printed circuit boards, handsets, chargers/accessories, plastics, metals and

paper/cardboard packaging.

 Step 2: Battery recycling :-

 Lithium-ion and lithium ion polymer (Li-Ion) batteries are reprocessed

through pyrolysis (heat treatment).

 The recycling process generally begins by removing the combustible

material, such as plastics and insulation, with a gas-fired thermal oxidizer.

 The plant’s scrubber eliminates the polluting particles created by a burning

process before releasing them into the atmosphere.

 The cells are then chopped into small pieces and heated until the metal

liquifies.

 On-metallic substances are burned off; leaving a black slag on top that a slag

arm removes. The alloys settle according to weight and are skimmed off

cream from raw milk while in liquid form.

 Step 3: Circuit board recycling:-

 Circuit boards are stored and processed for precious metals including gold,

silver, copper and lead.

 To extract these precious metals from circuit boards, with the need to safely

remove components and recycle circuit boards, many different processes

have been developed.

 . Step 4: Plastic recycling:-.

 Process 1- Plastics collection: Handset housings and casings plastics are

collected from roadside, special recycling bins and directly from customers.

Process 2 - Manual sorting: At this stage, the plastic is sorted into three

types: PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), HDPE (high density polyethylene)

and others.

 Process 3 - chipping: the sorted is cut into small pieces and ready to melt

down.

 Process 4 – Washing: This stage removes contaminants such as paper labels,

dirt and remnants of the product originally contained in the plastic.

 Process 5 – pelleting: the plastic is then melted down and extrude into small

pellets ready for reuse.

 OUR METHODOLOGY TO REDUCE THE E-WASTE:-

 Making a Robot by using an E-waste: - This method mainly involves the

reusing technology.

 Reusing the electronic parts that are present in the mobile, computer and

battery.