REYNALDO O. NACIONAL JR., FUAP, PIEP MS Arch.

Architect / Environmental Planner

Geography and ecology – the PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT

Human psychology and Anthropology

Culture

Politics

Aesthetics (occasionally)
Understanding the interaction between and within
human groups -
a. Infrastructure
b. Agriculture
c. Shelter
d. Function (Jobs)
In conjunction with the environment
Anthropos – 1
room – 2
house – 5
housegroup (hamlet) – 40
small neighborhood (village) – 250
neighborhood – 1,500
small polis (town) – 10,000
polis (city) – 75,000
small metropolis – 500,000
Metropolis – 4 million
small megalopolis – 25 million
Megalopolis – 150 million
small eperopolis – 750 million
eperopolis – 7,500 million
ecumenopolis - 50,000 million[4
Nature
Anthropos
Society
Shells
Networks
 Elements of Human Settlements / Ekistics (Doxiadis)

Networks

- For transportation, communication and utilities support the

settlements and tie them together with their organization and
structure. Their changes profoundly affect urban pattern and often
developments in networks have been portending new development
in cities and societies.
Society
- Deals with people and their interaction with population trends,
group behavior, social customs, occupation, income, and
government. Of increasing importance is the preservation of values
inherent in small communities after they have been absorbed by
larger settlements.
Shells

- Are used as the generic term for all buildings

and structures
 Elements of Human Settlements / Ekistics (Doxiadis)

Nature

- Represents the ecosystem within which man and society operate and
cities and settlements are placed. The interrelation between man,
machine, settlement and nature is of high importance as is the carrying
capacity of regions, continents and ultimately the entire planet.
Man
- In the center stands man, the individual human being. The generic
term includes male and female. Later Doxiadis replaced man with the
Greek term anthropos to be more inclusive.
Unorganized sharing of street usage for VEHICLES and
PEDESTRIANS is one of the causes of congestion
Pedestrians and Vehicles must
have their rightful places