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United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,842,510 B2: Shimizu Et Al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov.30, 2010
United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,842,510 B2: Shimizu Et Al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov.30, 2010
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U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 2 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 3 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
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U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 4 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
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U.S. Patent US 7,842,510 B2
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 6 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Fig.2
Early composting Middle mature compost) Late mature compost.) Full mature compost
ABS: ABS: ABS: ABS:
> 0.35 KC).35 st 0.20 is 0.0
Rogt hair growth rate: Root hair growth rate: Root hair growth rate: Root hair growth rate:
it 50% a 50-70% a 60-80% c. 80%
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 7 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Fig3 Quick reference chart for measuring the maturity degree of Compost
The color becomes more transparent as Compost becomes mature.)
Color Series: 1 Color Series. 2
nate
Impact on plants
Poin Germination rate under 60%
pOSDng Main root length: under 30%
Rodt hair growth rate: 0%
ii
Cannot used as Compost
impact on plants
Middle
Composting Germination rate Under 80%
|
|- be used for soil improvement in a imited period
Main root length: under 80%
Root hair growth rate 80%
s
s
Impact on plants
Full mature Germination rate 90% or more
Compost |Main root length: 90% or more
|Root hair growth rate 90% or more
Can be used in plastic greenhouse culture and sales for ordinary consumers
White-turbid color means immature compost
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 8 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Fig4
Temperature fluctuation in composting test
700
60.O
500
400
IF's
300
200
H Yisra
100
"viri-Ax:
2 4 12 14, 18 19 21 23 25 28 30 32 34 44 54 68 88
e
3 0.8
St
()
d
s
o
0.6
O
CC
0.4
O2
rig
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 15 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Fig.8
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 16 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Fig.9
Acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution and salt Concentration
O 0.5 15 2 2.5
Salt concentration(NaCl)
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 17 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Fig O
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 18 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Humic-like
Substance
SC
-- Compost C
co
VYse
5
d
5C 0.4
s
O-
O
O
C 0.1
Fig.2
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 20 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Fig 3
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 21 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 22 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Fig.15
(a) Relationship between absorbance and germination rate pH4
Absorbance (465nm)
Absorbance (465nm)
(c) Relationship between absorbance and germination rate pH8
Absorbance (465nm)
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 23 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 24 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 25 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
3:3
g*wo?equ*wag)?
ž?º iš
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U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 26 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
O
Material reCure
1600
4O.O
1200
100.0
80.0
600
40.0
20.0
O.O
0.000 0.100 0200 0300 0.400 0.500 0.600
Absorbance (465mm)
Germination rate
Main root length rate
A Root hair growth rate
- Linear (Root hair growth rate)
-- linear (Germination rate)
T Linear (Main root length rate)
U.S. Patent Nov.30, 2010 Sheet 28 of 28 US 7,842,510 B2
Fig.19
Germination Main root
Classification of Absorbance rate length rate
maturity degree ABS:465mm
Average full maturity (absorbance-0.11) 0.079 97.57 88.87
Average middle maturity (0.11<0.35) O.198 83.86 62.43
Average immaturityt (>0.35) 0.675 66.43 22.90
Proper value - 80% or more 80% or more