CIVIL WAR REFERENCE SHEET

This is NOT an instruction sheet. The following exam~les

and diagrams merely clarify many of the rules on the Instruc-
tion Card.

DETAILS ON COMBAT

Attack:

In attack, a player may move as many Pawns adjacent to an

enemy Pawn as he is able before resolving combat. However,
no Pawn may pass through more than one controlled square
without attacking.

Since BOTH RED-A, B are on river
squares, their combat factors
DOUBLE. BLUE-A, B would attack
at 2·4 (1-2). Note that BLUE-B's
factor remains normal, even
though it, too, is on a river square.
This situation could be resolved
in two battles, at attacker's choice.
THIS
BLUE-A could attack RED-A or B
at 1-2; BLUE-B could attack RED-
A or B at 1-2.
In the above, The moving BLUE Pawn cannot move through
the RED's controlled squares (R) as shown in the second
example.
RED's factor doubles when at·
tacked by BLUE-B. However, be-
cause RED's factor does not
double when attacked by BLUE-A,
BLUE·A is given an attack factor
of 2 in this case. Battle odds
become 3-2. If Table calls for
BLUE retreat, BLUE·A may retreat
but BLUE·B is eliminated.
If a third Blue Pawn was
moved into square (xl, odds
would become 5·2.

DETAILS ON REPLACEMENTS

BLUE zones of control completely RED is also surrounded by BLUE

surrolKld RED. Asurrounded Pawn
cannot retreat, therefore RED
would be eliminated if the Com·
bat Results Table called for a
retreat.
zones of control, so it cannot reo
treat even though it was not at-
tacked by Blue-B and C.
BLUE HAS UNDISPUTED CONTROL
of his Replacement Center. Union
player may place one Replace-
ment Pawn on the star at the end
of the Confederate player's Turn
in a replacement month.
BLUE DOES NOT HAVE UNDIS·
PUTED CONTROL until all Red
Pawns are eliminated or forced
off squares adjacent to the star.
Union may not place a Replace-
ment Pawn on the star.

Defense:

MOVEMENT ALONG PLAIN SQUARES

Since RED is on a mountain

square, its combat factor DOU·
BLES in defense. Odds would be
2-2 (l-1). Note that BLUE-B's
factor remains normal, even A Pawn moves up to 2 plain
though it, too, is on a mountain squares per Turn. A railroad
square. square counts as a plain square
when it is crossed as shown.

Copyright 1961. The Avalon Hill Company. Printed in U. S. A.

 MOVEMENT ON RAILROAD SQUARES MOVEMENT ALONG RIVER SQUARES

Union river square movement is the same as rail movement.

Confederate movement is similar except that it is limited to 2
squares along a river instead of 8.

MOVEMENT ON THE OCEAN-Union only

The Pawn starts its Turn on a plain square (A), moving to the first Rail·
road square (B), and then moves 8 squares to square (8). That Pawn
must follow its original rail line-it cannot "jump" routes in the Same
Tum. It could not move from square (1) directly to square (4) via the
shorter route.

A Pawn may start its Turn from
a rail square (A), move 2 squares
to another rail square (B), then
move up to 8 squares along the
course indicated by numbers 1
thru 8, all in the same Turn.
That Pawn COULD NOT jump
from square (B) to adjacent
square (3), short cutting square
(1) and (2),
A Pawn may move from square (A), 2 squares to Port square (B), then
move up to 8 squares on the ocean in the same Turn. In this case, the
Pawn needed only to move 6 squares to reach its destination.
A Pawn cannot move into the Port of its destination until the tollowing
Turn.
Movement along the rail line to Port (B) is allowed in this case as long
as such movement does not exceed the plain square rate of movement.
MULTIPLE PAWN BATTLES

Once on a railroad, a Pawn cannot move off until its follow-

ing Turn. Example

1) RED's are attacking, and must

MOVEMENT INTO MOUNTAIN SQUARES fight all 3 BLUE Pawns because
they are all in RED zones of
control.

. A Pawn moves from square (A), 2 squares to the first mountain square
(B) and STOPS. On its next Turn, it may only move one mountain square
to (C). On its third Turn, it may leave square (C), resuming normal plain (a) (b)
square rate to square (D).

2) RED must divide battle in the only two possibilities shown. BLUE-A and
RED-B are not in each other's zones; nor are RED·A and BLUE-C; there·
fore they cannot be engaged in the same battle.

(- If the situation is like this

J'
after both battles have been
fi "1
1. '_
. 'Y
J-,
resolved, RED·A cannot attack

( 'I~T
I BLUE-B because both have al-
/A"y I -'oj' ready fought once in this Tum.
Movement on railroads through mountains is the same as if the moun- In its Turn, BLUE·B has the op-
tains did not exist. However, any Pawn attacked while on a mountain tion to attack or withdraw.
rail square still accrues a double factor on defense.
 CIVIL WAR INSTRUCTIONS
THIS CARD IS YOUR INSTRUCTION SHEET-Read it throu9h
carefully before playin9. It is not necessary to read the
accompanyin9 Reference Sheet to play CIVIL WAR.
Playin9 Board
CIVIL WAR is a 2-player game. BLUE Pawns represent
Union troops; RED Pawns are Confederate. Pawns are
maneuvered into battle across hexagons (6-sided patterns)
hereafter called Squares. Specific terrain features are:
BLUE SQUARES: Ocean, Bay, and Gulf.
BROWN SQUARES: Mountains.
WHITE with blue lines: River Squares.
WHITE with railroads: Railroad Squares.
WHITE with black outlines: Port Squares.
BLACK horizontal jagged line: North/South border line.
STARS and 6 adjacent squares: Troop Replacement Centers.
Movement
All Pawns have the same basic movement allowance-they
may move up to 2 squares per Turn. Varying terrain effects
this movement allowance as follows:
OCEAN, BAY, GULF: Union, only, may move 8 additional squares per
Turn on sea.
MOUNTAIN: I non-railroad square per Turn, only.
RAILROAD: 8 additional squares per Turn along rails.
You may move all your Pawns in a single Turn, although
you are not required to move any Pawn nor do you have to
move it its maximum movement allowance. Pawns may be
moved in any direction, or combination of directions in a
single Turn.
Movement allowances are not transferable from one Pawn
to another, nor can they be accumulated from one Turn to
the next.
The Die is used to resolve combat only-it has nothing to
do with movement of Pawns.
TURNS
CIVIL WAR is played in Turns. You move your Pawns and
then resolve combat if any, that is a Turn; your opponent moves
his Pawns, and then resolves combat, if any; that is also a Turn.
Together, these two Turns are called a "Complete Turn" and
measured as the passage of one month of time.
COMBAT
All Pawns have a normal combat factor of 1. Each Pawn ap-
plies its combat factor to the 6 adjacent squares to the one it
is on. When an enemy Pawn enters any of these squares, it is
the aftacker and combat must occur.
In combat, you compare the combat factors of the engaged
Pawns (putting the attacker's factor first) to arrive at a battle
odds comparison-such as 1 to 1 in example (A). Pawns are
not in combat (B) unless they are adjacent.
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Copyright 1961. The Avalon Hill Company.
ATTACK: A Pawn automatically attacks when it moves ad-
jacent to an enemy Pawn; however, such combat is not resolved
right away-the attacking player may move other Pawns in other
areas of the board and then return to resolve each and every
battle, one at a time in the order of the attacker's choice. The
player precipitating combat by moving his Pawns is always the
attacker. To resolve such combat, an odds comparison is made
and the Die is rolled. For instance, if 2 Blue Pawns attack 1 Red
Pawn, odds are 2 to 1. The Die is rolled and the result can be
found under the 2-1 column on the Combat Results Table.
There is no limit to the number of battles that can be fought
in one Turn; but no Pawn may fight, or be forced to fight more
than one battle per Turn. If an attacking Pawn finds itself ad-
jacent to an enemy Pawn after combat, the enemy in its Turn
has the option to attack or withdraw. If the enemy withdraws,
he may not re-enter that Pawn's zone and attack from a dif-
ferent square.
In attack, a player may move as many Pawns as he is able
into an enemy zone of control before resolving combat. How-
ever, a player may not pass through a square controlled by an
enemy without fighting. A Pawn is in contact with an enemy
when it reaches the first square that the enemy controls and it
must stop to fight on that first square.
DEFENSE: Pawns increase their normal Combat Factor in
defense according to the terrain as follows:
If DEFENDING Pawn And ATTACKING Pawn DEFENDING Pawn's
is on a: is on: Combat Factor is:
1. MOUNTAIN SQUARE Any square, including Double
(Brown) an adjacent mountain
square.
2. RIVER SQUARE Any square, including Double
(Square containing an adjacent river
blue line) square.
3. PORT SQUARE Ocean squares ONLY. Double
(Black outline square)
No Pawn can triple its factor, even if it is on a mountain
square containing a river.
No player may move his Pawns after combat, even if they
were not moved their full movement allowance. A defender is
never allowed to move his Pawns during his opponent's Turn.
How to Win
CIVIL WAR is a time limit game-it ends after the March
1865 complete Turn.
The Union player wins if he completely eliminates the Confederate
Army and has occupied all three Confederate Replacement Centers by
the end of the March 1865 Turn.
The Confederate player wins if he:
1) Avoids the Union condition of victory, or
2) Occupies any TWO Union Replacement Centers and retains
occupancy (undisputed control NOT necessary) simultaneously for the
following two consecutive months. Occupancy need only be the
placement of one or more Pawns on any square in the Replacement
Center, incl uding the Star. Confederate player has occupancy even
if there are Union Pawns in the same Replacement Center.
If the Confederate player occupies 2 Centers in March, Union
playe<' must eliminate or force off all RED Pawns from one of
the 2 Centers by the May Turn.
Printed in U. $. A.
 Time Record Card
In each month (Complete Turn) the Union player takes his
Turn first. "After the Confederate player has finished his Turn,
a passage of one month is checked off on the Time Record Card.
Asterisks after certain months indicate both players are to re-
ceive Replacements (new troops) at the end of those months.
REPLACEMENTS
At the end of play in each of the replacement months, new
"troops" are "drafted" by both sides and placed on the star
squares in the Replacement Centers.
Union player is allowed a maximum of 3 Blue Pawns per re-
placement month-to be placed on any of the 4 star squares
north of the border line, one per square.
Confederate player receives a maximum of 2 Red Pawns-
to be placed on any of the 3 star squares south of the border.
Only one Pawn per star square allowed.
A player must have undisputed control of his own Replace-
ment Center before a Replacement Pawn can be placed on its
Star. To have undisputed control, enemy Pawns must be kept
off the Star square and all adjacent squares. However, it is not
necessary to occupy one's own Center to have undisputed con-
trol. Of course, a Center not garrisoned (protected) makes
enemy capture that much easier.
Any Replacement Center oontrolled by the enemy cannot re-
ceive a Replacement Pawn. Only those Centers in undisputed
friendly hands at the end of the designated Complete Turns may
receive Replacement Pawns.
Such replacements may come from any group not presently
on board, including the eliminated pile subject to the number
available. Replacements cannot accumulate from month to
month.
Both players place their replacements on board at the conclu-
sion of the Confederate player's Turn in the replacement months.
Union player places his Pawns on board FIRST. Such Pawns
may be used immediately in the Turn following.
At no time may either Army exceed maximum strength;
Union-15 Pawns; Confederate-9 Pawns.
Prepare For Play
Union player places his Pawns on Board first.' He places 6
BLUE Pawns on any square north of (but NOT adjacent to)
the border line. The Confederate player then places 6 RED
Pawns on any square south of this border line. Confederate
Pawns, only, may be placed adjacent to the border at the start.
It is now April 1861-the battle is about to begin.
Routine Of Play
1) Union player moves all the Pawns he chooses to move-
becoming the attacker. Confederate player watches.
2) Union player resolves every combat situation, if any. He
rolls the Die once for each battle (1 battle--l roll; 2 battles-
2 rolls; etc). Confederate player watches.
3) Confederate player moves all the Pawns he chooses to
move-becoming the attacker. Union player watches.
4) Confederate player resolves every combat situation, if any.
5) One Complete Turn (month) is marked off on the Time
Record Card-play returns to the Union Player.
PLAIN SQUARES
All Pawns may move through 2 plain squares per Turn.
Pawns may cross railroad, river, Port and star squares as if
they were plain.
RAILROAD SQUARES
If a player elects to travel along a railroad, his Pawn may
move 2 squares to a railroad square and then move up to 8
squares along the railroad in the same Turn. It cannot leave
the railroad until its following Turn. Pawns cannot transfer
from railroad to river squares in the same Turn. There is no
delay in rail movement at junctions.
OCEAN· BAY· GULF
Confederate Pawns are not allowed on the seas.
If a Union player elects to sail the seas, his Pawn may move'
2 squares to a Port square and then move up to 8 Sea squares
in the same Turn. A Pawn may stay at sea any number of Turns,
but when it elects to land it must move to a Sea square ad-
jacent to a port and STOP. On its following Turn, the Pawn
may move inland or out to sea again.
Combat between a Confederate Pawn on a non-port coastal
square and a Union Pawn on an adjacent Sea square is not
allowed. A Union Pawn may attack; from a Sea square, a
Confederate Pawn resting on an adjacent Port square. If vic-
torious, the Union Pawn may occupy the Port square in the
same Turn.
A Confederate Pawn in a Port is not required to attack a
Union Pawn on an adjacent Sea Square, but has the option to
do so. If a Confederate Pawn moves into this position and
does not attack, the Union Pawn, in its Turn, must attack or
withdraw.
The half ocean square east of Delaware is considered a whole
square.
A Union Pawn may reach the Gulf from the Ocean by mov-
ing to the last Ocean square marked 0, in one Turn-transfer-
ring the Pawn to the last Gulf square marked G in the next Turn,
then moving in the Gulf at the ocean rate in the 3rd Turn. Pawns
may return from the Gulf to the Ocean in the same manner.
MOUNTAIN SQUARES
A Pawn must STOP as soon as it lands on a Mountain Square.
In its following Turn, it moves through mountain squares at the
reduced rate of 1 square per Turn. Pawns may leave from the
last mountain square at the normal rate.
Both Union and Confederate Pawns may move on a railroad
through mountains up to 8 squares per Turn.
MULTIPLE PAWN BATTLES
When several Pawns in different squares attack several enemy
Pawns in different squares, the attacker has the choice of divid-
ing combat into more than one battle as long as these condi-
tions are met:
1) He must fight every defending Pawn in whose controlled zone he has
attacking Pawns.
2) He must be in the controlled zone of the defending Pawn(s) he is
attacking.
The attacker may sacrifice one Pawn at unfavorable odds to
gain more favorable odds over other defending Pawns.
No Pawn may attack more than once in the same Turn-
even if it finds itself adjacent to an enemy Pawn after combat.
The enemy has the option to attack or withdraw in its Turn.
Combat Results Table
Study the Table before playing CIVIL WAR. When battIe
odds are determined, the attacker rolls the Die and both players
obey the result given. For instance, if odds are 2 to 1 and a 6 is
rolled, attacking Pawns are eliminated. A roll of 3 means the
defending Pawn must retreat 2 squares chosen by the attacker.
A roll of 5 means both players lose 1 Pawn, etc.
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