SETS, RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS Solution:

1 1
𝑓 =5 +3 = 1+3=4.
One mark 5 5
10. Represent the following sets in both roster
1. If A={2,4,6} B={3,5} Find (i) AXB form and rule form
(ii)BXA (a) Set of even natural numbers less than
Solution : 30
(i) AXB Solution: Roster form
={(2,3),(2,5),(4,3),(4,5),(6,3),(6,5)} A= { 2,4,6,8,10,12}
(ii) BXA Rule method
={(3,2),(3,4),(3,6),(5,2),(5,4),(5,6)} A= 𝑥: 𝑥 = 2𝑛, 𝑛 ≤ 14, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁
(b) Set of all integers between -3 and +3
2. If AXB= Solution:
{(-1,a),(-1,b),(-2,a)(-2,b),(3,a),(3,b)} Find Roster form A= {-2,-1,0,1, 2}.
A and B Rule method A= 𝑛: −3 < 𝑛 < 3, 𝑛 ∈
Solution: 𝑁 .
A= {-1,-2,-3} 11. Convert the following sets from roster
B= {a, b} form to rule form
(i) A= {4,8,12,…..}
3. If A={3,5,7},B={5,7,9} Find Solution: 𝑥: 𝑥 = 4𝑛, ∀ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 .
(A-B)X (B-C) (ii) B ={ a,b,c,d}
Solution: Solution:
A-B = {3} 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓
B-C= {5} 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑕 𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑕𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑡
(A-B)X (B-C) ={(3,5)}. 12. Convert the following sets from rule to
roster form
4. Write all the possible subsets of the 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑
(i) A=
following 𝐸𝑁𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐸𝐸𝑅𝐼𝑁𝐺
A= {1,2, 3} Solution: { E,N,G,I,R}
Solution: (ii) B= 𝑛: 𝑛2 − 7𝑛 + 12 = 0
{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3},{}. Solution: { 3,4}

5. If A has 4 elements, how many elements

will P(A) have? Two marks:
Solution: n(p(A)) = 24 =16. 1. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 1 find
(i) 𝑓𝑜𝑔 1 (ii)𝑔𝑜𝑓(2)
6. If f: R→ 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 5 Solution:
then find 𝑓 −1 ?111 𝑓𝑜𝑔 1 = 𝑓(𝑔 1 )
Solution: 𝑓 −1 = 3 −1 + 5 = 𝑓(2) =2+1 =3
= −3 + 5
= 2. 𝑔𝑜𝑓 2 = 𝑔 𝑓 2
7. If f:R→R is defined by = 𝑔 3 =9+1=10.
3
𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 3 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓
4 2. Let N be a set of natural numbers such that
Solution: R= {(x, y):3𝑥 + 4, 𝑥, 𝑦 € N write the
3 3
𝑓 =4 +3= 3+3 =6 domain and range of the function.
4 4
8. If f:R→ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 defined by Solution:
1 Relation R = {(1,7},(2,10),(3,13)….}
9. 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 3 𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 5 Domain = {1, 2, 3…..}
 Range ={ 7,10,13}. 1. If A and B are any two sets then find
3. If A={1,2,3,4,5} Find the relations from A (i) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ =𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′
to B (ii)(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′ =𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵 ′
Solution: U= 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9
R = {(x, y) : x>y} A∪ 𝐵 = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7
R=(2,1),(3,1),(3,2),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(5,1), (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ = 8,9 … … . . (1)
(5,2),(5,3),(5,4)}. 𝐴′ ={6,7,8,9}
4. If A= 𝑥: 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0. 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 𝐵 ′ = {1,2, 8, 9}
B= 𝑥: 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 12 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′ = 8,9 ……….(2)
C= 𝑥: 𝑥 2 − 9 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 (𝐴𝑈𝐵)′ = 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′ = 8,9
Find (i) (A∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) 𝑋 𝐴 (ii) (A-B) XB. 2. A relation R on a collection of set of
Solution: integers defined by
A= {2, 3} B= {3, 4} C = {-3,3} R = 𝑥, 𝑦 : 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3
(i) A∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = {3} show that R is an equivalence relation
(A∩∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)𝑋𝐴 = 3,2 , (3,3) on Z.
(ii) A-B ={2}
(A-B)XB= 2,3 , (2,4) Solution:
5. Let f= {(1,1),(2,3),(0,-1)} be a function 0= 𝑥 − 𝑥 is a multiple of 3
from Z to Z defined by f(x) = ax+b some ∴ 𝑥𝑅𝑥 ∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒
integers a and b. Determine a & b 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥𝑅𝑦
Solution: = 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3
F(x) =ax+b = 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
When x=1 f(x)=1 𝑦 − 𝑥 = − 𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3𝑘
a+b=1 = 3 −𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3,
x=0 f(x)=-1 −𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
a(0)+b=1 ∴ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐
b=-1 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥𝑅𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑅𝑧
a+b=1 ∴ 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3
a-1=1 ∴ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3𝑎, 𝑎𝜖𝑍
a=2 , ∴ a=2,b=-1. ∴ 𝑦 − 𝑍 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3
6. Define equivalence relation. give one ∴ 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3𝑏, 𝑏𝜖𝑍
example. 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3𝑎 + 3𝑏
Solution: =3 𝑎+𝑏
If a relation is reflexive,symmetric ∴ 𝑥 − 𝑧 = 3 𝑎 + 𝑏 , 𝑎 + 𝑏𝜀𝑍
and transitive then it is an ∴ 𝑥 − 𝑧 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3
equivalence relation.
∴ 𝑥𝑅𝑧 ∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
Ex: The set of all triangles in a
∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑍.
plane ,the relation is similar to is an
equivalence relation on Z.
3. In a group of 600 people ,150 students
7. If A= 1,3,5,7,9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 2,4,6,8,10,12
were found to be taking tea, 225 like
define a function f:A→ 𝐵 by coffee,100 like both tea and coffee.
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 that the Find out how many were taking neither
function is one-one and onto. tea nor coffee?
Solution: Solution:
f: A→B is one-one but not onto as 12 has
no pre-image. 𝑛 𝑇 = 150 , 𝑛 𝐶 = 225, 𝑛 𝐶 ∩ 𝑇 = 100.
𝑛 𝑈 = 600.
Three marks
𝑛 𝐶∪𝑇 =𝑛 𝑐 +𝑛 𝑇 −𝑛 𝐶∩𝑇 7. In a class of 150 students, it was found
= 225+150-100 that 95 like burgers and 79 like pizzas
=375-100=275 .Assuming every student like at least
∴ Number of students taking neither one of the above, find the number of
Coffee nor tea =600-275. students who like both burgers and
pizzas.
4. In a group of 65 people, 40 were found Solution:
to like hockey, 10 like tennis and 𝑛 𝐵𝑈𝑃 = 150
hockey how many like only tennis but 𝑛 𝐵 = 95, 𝑛 𝑃 = 79, 𝑛 𝐵 ∩ 𝑃 =?
not hockey? How many like tennis? 𝑛 𝐵 ∪ 𝑃 = 𝑛 𝐵 + 𝑛 𝑃 − 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝑃)
Solution: 150 = 95 + 79 − 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝑃)
𝑛 𝑐∪𝐻 =𝑛 𝑐 +𝑛 𝐻 −𝑛 𝐶∩𝐻 ∴ 𝑛 𝐵 ∩ 𝑃 = 95 + 79 − 150 = 24
65 = 40+ 𝑛 𝐻 − 10 𝑛 𝐵 ∩ 𝑃 = 24.
65 = 30+ 𝑛(𝐻)
𝑛 𝐻 = 35 8. Given A= 2,4,6,8 and R
𝑛 𝐶 ∩ 𝐻 = 10 = 2,4 , 4,2 , 4,6 , (6,4) show that
∴ 𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒 R is not reflexive, symmetric and not
𝑕𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑦 𝑖𝑠 35 . transitive.
5. If 𝑛 𝑈 =700,𝑛(𝐴) =200,𝑛 𝐵 = Solution:
300, 𝑛 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 100, find 𝑛(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) 2,2 ∉ R ∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒
Solution: (2,4)∈ 𝑅 = 4,2 ∈ 𝑅
𝑛 𝑈 = 700, 𝑛 𝐴 = 200, ∴ 4,6 ∈= (6,4) ∈ 𝑅
𝑛 𝐵 = 300 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 100. ∴ 𝑎, 𝑏 𝜖𝑅 = 𝑏, 𝑎 𝜖𝑅
𝑛 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′ = 𝑛 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ′ = ∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐
𝑛 𝑈 − 𝑛 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 700 − [𝑛 𝐴 + 2,4 ∈ 𝑅, 4,2 ∈ 𝑅 𝑏𝑢𝑡 (2,2) ∉ 𝑅
𝑛 𝐵 −𝑛 𝐴∩𝐵 ] ∴ 𝑎, 𝑏 𝜖𝑅, 𝑏, 𝑐 𝜀𝑅 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑎, 𝑐 ∉ 𝑅.
= 700-[200+300-100] ∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒.
=700-[400]= 300
2 𝑡𝑕 9. Out of 50 people, 20 people drink tea,
6. In a college of the students play
5 10 take both tea and coffee. How man
3 𝑡𝑕 y take one of the two drinks. Show the
basket ball and 4 play volley ball.
result by Venn diagram.
If 50 students play none of these two
games and 125 play both, to find the
number of students in the college.
Solution:
Let the number of students in the
college = 𝑥
No.of students who play basket
2
Ball = 5 𝑥
No.of students who play volley ball
3 𝑛 𝑇𝑈𝐶 = 𝑛 𝑇 + 𝑛 𝐶 − 𝑛(𝑇 ∩ 𝐶)
=4 𝑥
50= 20+𝑛 𝑐 − 10
No.of students who play both =125
50 students play none of the games. 40=𝑛 𝐶
2 3 Number of people taking atleast one
𝑥 − 50 = 5 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 − 125 of the two drinks
2 3
𝑥 − 5 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 = −125 + 50 10+10+30=40+10=50
20𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 15𝑥
= −75
20
−3𝑥 Four and Five mark questions
= −75
20
20𝑋75 1. In a certain college with 500 students,
𝑥= = 20𝑋25 = 500 300 take milk and 25o take tea.
3
∴ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 Assuming that every student takes
𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑒 = 500 atleast one of the two, find how many
 take (a) both milk and tea (b)milk
only(c) tea only.
Solution:
𝑛 𝑀 ∪ 𝑇 = 500
𝑛(𝑀)=300 𝑛 𝑇 = 250
𝑛 𝑀∪𝑇 =𝑛 𝑀 +𝑛 𝑇
−𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑇)
𝑛 𝑀 ∩ 𝑇 = 𝑛 𝑀 + 𝑛 𝑇 − 𝑛(𝑀 ∪ 𝑇)
=300+250
𝑛 𝑀 ∩ 𝑇 = 50 .
𝑛 𝑀−𝑇 =𝑛 𝑀 −𝑛 𝑀∩𝑇
= 300 − 50 = 250.
𝑛 𝑇−𝑀 = 𝑛 𝑇 −𝑛 𝑀∩𝑇
= 250 − 50 = 200 .
2. In a survey it was that 31 people liked
a product A ,36 people like a product B
and 39 liked a product C
If 24 people liked products A and B,
22 people liked product C and A, 24
people liked products B and C,18 liked
all the three products, then find how
many people liked product C only?
Solution:
𝑛 𝐴 = 31, 𝑛 𝐵 = 36, 𝑛 𝐶 = 39
𝑛 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 24, 𝑛 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 24,
𝑛 𝐶 ∩ 𝐴 = 22, 𝑛 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 18
𝑛 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = 𝑛 𝐴 + 𝑛 𝐵 + 𝑛(𝐶)
−𝑛 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
−𝑛 𝐶 ∩ 𝐴 + 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
=31+36+39-24-24-22+18
= 54
3. If f 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 1
Find (i)𝑓𝑜𝑔 1 𝑖𝑖 𝑓𝑜𝑔 2
𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑔𝑜𝑓 1 𝑖𝑣 𝑔𝑜𝑓 2 𝑖𝑣 𝑓𝑜𝑔(3)
Solution:
(i) 𝑓𝑜𝑔 1 = 𝑓 𝑔 1
= 𝑓(2) =2+1=3
(ii) 𝑓𝑜𝑔 2 = 𝑓(𝑔 2 )
= 𝑓(5) =5+1 =6.
(iii) 𝑔𝑜𝑓 1 = 𝑔𝑜𝑓(1)
= 𝑔(𝑓 1 )
= 𝑔(2) =4+1 =5.
(iv) 𝑔𝑜𝑓 2 = 𝑔(𝑓 2 )
=𝑔(3) =9+1 =10.
(v) 𝑓𝑜𝑔(3) = 𝑓(𝑔 3 )
= 𝑓(10) =10+1 =11.
4. If A = 1,2,3,4, , B= 3,4,5,6
C= 4,5,6,7,8 then verify
(i) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶)
(𝑖𝑖)𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
Solution:
(i) B= 3,4,5,6 , C= 4,5,6,7,8
B∩ 𝐶 = 4,5,6
A∪ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 1,2,3,4,5,6
A∪ 𝐵 = 1,2,3,4,5,6
A∪ 𝐶 = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
(A∪ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶 = 1,2,3,4,5,6
∴ 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶)
(ii) B∪ 𝐶 = 3,4,5,6,7,8
𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = 3,4,5,6,7,8
A∩ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = 3,4
A∩ 𝐵 = 3,4
A∩ 𝐶 = 4
(A∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = 3,4
∴ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
5. In a Survey of 100 persons it was
found that 28 read magazine A, 30
read magazine B, 42 read magazine
C,8 read magazine A and B,10 read
magazine A and C, 5 read magazines B
and C while 3 read all the three
magazines. Find
(i) How many read none of the
three magazines?
(ii) How many read only magazine
C?
Solution:
Given 𝑈 = 100,
𝑛 𝐴 = 28, 𝑛 𝐵 = 30,
𝑛 𝐶 = 42, 𝑛 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 8,
𝑛 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = 10, 𝑛 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 5,
𝑛 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 3.
(i) Number of people who read none
of the magazines
= 100-(13+5+20+7+3+2+30)
= 100-80=20.
 (ii) Number of people who read only Solution:
magazine C only=30. 625= 𝑥 4
54 = 𝑥 4
∴𝑥=4
6. Evaluate log 𝑥 4=2
Solution:
2
𝑥 =4
𝑥=4
Three marks
1 1 1
1. Prove that log + log + log =4
Logarithms 24 84 16 4

One marks Solution:

L.H.S
1. Express in the logarithmic form 1 1 1
+ +
(i) 25 = 32 log 2 4 log 8 4 log16 4
Solution: = log 4 2 + log 4 8 + log 4 16
log 2 32 = 5 = log 4 (2𝑋8𝑋16) = log 4 256
1 2. Find the number of digits in 320 ?
(ii) 3−2 =
9 Solution:
Solution: Let 𝑥 = 320
1
log 3 = −2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = log 320
9
= 20 log 3 = 20 0.4771
2. Express the following in the exponential
log 𝑥 = 9.5424
form
As the characteristic of log 𝑥 is 9, the number
𝑖 log 9 81 =2
Of digits =9+1
Solution: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧
92 = 81 3. Prove that 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 1 𝑖𝑓 − −
𝑎 −𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎
𝑖𝑖 log10 0.01 = −2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧
Solution: Let − − =k
𝑎 −𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎
Solution:
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧
10−2 = 0.01
=𝑘 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑘 𝑏 − 𝑐 + 𝑘(𝑐 − 𝑎)
3. Find the value of log 0.1 10
=𝑘 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 + 𝑐 − 𝑎
Solution:
=𝑘 0 =0
log 0.1 10 = 𝑥
log 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 0
0.1𝑥 = 10
𝑥 ∴ 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 1
1
10
= 10 4. If log 5 = 0.6990, find the number of
10 = 101
−𝑥 digits in the integral part of 523
−𝑥 = 1 Solution:
𝑥 = −1 Consider 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 23 =23log 5
∴ log 0.1 10 = −1 = 23 (0.6990)
4. Find the value of log10 . 01 =16.077
Solution: Since the characteristic of log 523 is 16,
log10 0.01 = 𝑥 there are 17 digits in the integral part of
10𝑥 = 0.01 523 .
1
10𝑥 = 100 5. If 𝑥 = log 2𝑎 𝑎 , 𝑦 = log 3𝑎 2𝑎
𝑧 = log 4𝑎 3𝑎. Show that 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 1 = 2𝑦𝑧
10𝑥 = 10−2
Solution:
𝑥 = −2
𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 1 = log 2𝑎 𝑎 . log 3𝑎 2𝑎 . log 4𝑎 3𝑎 + 1
5. Find 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 log 𝑥 625 =4
= log 3𝑎 𝑎 . log 4𝑎 3𝑎 + 1
 ∴ (log 𝑏 𝑎 . log 𝑐 𝑏 = log 𝑐 𝑎) = -30+23+0.346
= log 4𝑎 𝑎 + 1 = -7+0.346
= log 4𝑎 𝑎+ log 4𝑎 4𝑎 = 7. 346
= log 4𝑎 4𝑎2 The characteristic is 7.hence the required
= log 4𝑎 2𝑎 2 number of zeros is 7-1=6
= 2 log 4𝑎 2𝑎
= 2 log 3𝑎 2𝑎. log 4𝑎 3𝑎 = 2𝑦𝑧 Four marks
𝑚
6. Prove that log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑚 − log 𝑎 𝑛
𝑛
1. Find the value using logarithmic tables
Solution:
(a) 0.632 X 5.673X 0.3213
log 𝑎 𝑚 = 𝑥 0.5634 𝑋0.0635
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚 (b) 2.563𝑋12.5
3
log 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑦 (c)
14.5𝑋 8.571
𝑚 2
log 𝑎 =𝑧 16.751 3
𝑛
𝑧 𝑚 𝑎𝑥 Solution:
𝑎 = = 𝑎 𝑦 =𝑎 𝑥−𝑦 (a) Let 𝑥 = 0.632X5.673X0.3213
𝑛
𝑚
∴ log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑚 − log 𝑎 𝑛 log 𝑥 =log(0.632𝑋5.673𝑋0.3213)
𝑛 =log 0.632 + log 5.673 + log 0.3213
15
7. Prove that log 4 8 . log 2 32 . log16 4 = 4 =1. 8007+0.7568+1. 5069
Solution: = 0.0644
𝑙𝑜𝑔 8 𝑙𝑜𝑔 32 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4
L.H.S = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 𝑋 𝑋 𝑥 = Antilog (0.0644)
𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 16
5𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 1 15 = 1.160
= 3𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑋 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 4
𝑎−𝑏 0.5634 𝑋0.0635
8. If log = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏 show that (b) Let 𝑥 =
4 2.563𝑋12.5
2 0.5634 𝑋0.0635
𝑎 + 𝑏 =20ab 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2.563𝑋12.5
Solution:
= log 0.5634 + log 0.0635 −
𝑎−𝑏
If log = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏 log 2.563 − log 12.5
4

If log
𝑎−𝑏
= log 𝑎𝑏 = 1. 7508+2. 8028 − 0.04087 − 1.0969
4
𝑎−𝑏 =2. 5536-1.5056
= 𝑎𝑏 = 2 + 0.5536 − 1.5056
4
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 4 𝑎𝑏 = -2-0.952
Squaring both sides, we get = -2.952
(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 16 𝑎𝑏 = -3+3-2.952
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 = 16 𝑎𝑏 = -3+0.048 = 3. 048
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 16𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏 (c) Let 𝑥 =
14.5𝑋 8.571
3
2
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 18𝑎𝑏 16.751 3
3
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 = 18𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏 log 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
14.5𝑋 8.571
2
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 20𝑎𝑏 16.751 3
2
3
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 14.5+𝑙𝑜𝑔 8.571 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(16.751)3
9. If log 6 =0.7782, find the number of zeros 1 1 2
= 2 log 14.5 + 3 log 8.571 − 3 log⁡
(16.751)
between the decimal point and the first
1 1 2
significant figure is 0.6 30 = 1.1614 + 0.9331 − (1.2240)
2 3 3
Solution: = 0.5807+0.3110+0.816
𝑙𝑜𝑔(0.6)30 = 30 log (0.6) = 0.0757
= 30( 1. 7782) 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.0757
=30 (-1+0.7782) =1.191
= -30 +23.346
 2. Solve log 9 𝑥 +2 log 27 𝑥 + 3 log 3 𝑥 =25 =76.8
Solution: Two marks
log 9 𝑥 +2 log 27 𝑥 + 3 log 3 𝑥 =25 1. Is -300 a term of the A.P 10,7, 4,…..?
log 3 𝑥 2log 3 𝑥 3log 3 𝑥 Solution:
+ + = 25
log 3 9 log 3 27 log 3 3
Given a=10, d=7-10= -3
(Change the base to a)
log 3 𝑥 2 log 3 𝑥
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
+ + 3 log 3 𝑥 = 25 -300= 10+(n-1)(-3)
log 3 32 log 3 33
log 3 𝑥 2 log 3 𝑥 -300 = 10-3n+3
2 log + 3 log + 3𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 25
33 33 3n =10+3+300
1 2 313
log 3 𝑥 + + 3 =25 3n =313, ∴ 𝑛 = ∉N
2 3 3
3+4+18
log 3 𝑥 =25 ∴ 𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
6
25 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
log 3 𝑥 =25
6 2. If k+9, k-6, 4 are in GP then find the
log 3 𝑥 = 6 value of K.
𝑥 = 36 Solution:
𝑥 =729 𝑘−6 2 = 𝐾+9 4
𝑘 2 − 12𝑘 + 36 = 4𝑘 + 36
PROGRESSION 𝐾 2 − 12𝑘 − 4𝑘 + 36 − 36 = 0
𝑘 2 − 16𝑘 = 0
ONE MARKS 𝑘 𝑘 − 16 = 0.
1. Find the 8 th term of the progression 𝑘 = 0, 𝑘 = 16
-2,-4,-6 3. Insert 4 arithmetic means between 5 and
Solution: 10.
Given a= -2, d= -4+2 =-2, n=8, 𝑇8 =? Solution:
𝑇𝑛 = a+(n-1)d Let 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 ,𝐴3 , 𝐴4 be the 4 A.M’s between
𝑇8 = -2+(8-1)(-2) 5 and 10
= -2+7(-2) = -2-14= -16 ∴ 5, 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 ,𝐴3 , 𝐴4 ,10 are in A.P
2. Find the 10 th term of the AP 1,3, 5….. Last element is 6th element a+5d=10
Solution: 5+5d =10
Given a=1, d=2, n=10. 5d = 10-5
𝑇𝑛 =a+(n-1)d 5d = 5
=1 +(10-1)2 =1+9(2) =1+18 =19 5
d= 5 =1
3. Find the 6 th term of the GP 3,6,12…..
Solution: ∴ 𝐴. 𝑀′ 𝑠 are 6,7,8,9.
6 4. If a, b, c are in G.P and 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑧
Given a=3 , r=3 =2
show that 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃.
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 Solution:
𝑇6 = 𝑎𝑟 6−1 = 𝑎𝑟 5 = 3. 2 5 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃
= 3(32) =96 ∴ 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑧 = 𝑘
4. Find the 9 th element of GP 1

0.3, 0.6,1.2…….. 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑘 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑥
1
Solution: 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑘 ⇒ 𝑏 = 𝑘𝑦
0.6 1
Given a= 0.3, r= 0.3 = 2, n=9 𝑐 𝑧 = 𝑘 ⇒ 𝑐 = 𝑘𝑧
𝑇𝑛 =𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐
𝑇9 = (0.3) (2)9−1 1 2 1 1

= (0.3) (2)8 𝑘 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 𝑘 𝑧

= (0.3) (256)
 2 1 1 1 1
𝑘 𝑦 = 𝑘 𝑥 +𝑧 𝑟 4 = 64
4
1
2 1 1 𝑟4 =
=𝑥+𝑦 16
𝑦
2 𝑥+𝑧
1
= 𝑟=
𝑦 𝑥𝑧 2
2𝑥𝑧 1 1 1
𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑍 ∴ 𝑇𝑕𝑒 3 𝐺𝑀′ 𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 , ,
8 16 32
∴ 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃. THREE MARKS

2 5
5. Find the value of k so that 3 , 𝑘, 3 𝑘 are 1. Find the sum of the following series:
three consecutive terms of A.P 7+77+777+7777+…….. n terms
Solution: Solution:
2 5 Let 𝑆𝑛 = 7+77+777…….. n terms
𝑘−3= 𝑘 –𝑘
3 = 7(1+11+111+……. n terms)
3𝑘−2 5𝑘−3𝑘
= 7
3 3 = 9 ( 9+99+999+…….. n terms)
3𝑘 − 2 = 2𝑘 7
= 9 [(10-1)+(100-1)+(1000-1)..n)
3𝑘 − 2𝑘 = 2
7 10 10 𝑛 −1
∴𝑘=2 =9 −𝑛
10−1
6. If the second term of an A.P is 4 and 7 10 10 𝑛 −1
𝑆𝑛 = −𝑛
10th term is 20.Find the 15th term? 9 9

Solution:
𝑇2 =4, 𝑇10 =20, 𝑇15 =? 2. Find the sum to n terms of the series
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 5+55+555+5555+…. n terms
𝑇2 =4 Solution:
𝑎+ 2−1 𝑑 = 4 Let 𝑆𝑛 = 5+55+555…….. n terms
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 4 … … . (1) = 5(1+11+111+……. n terms)
5
𝑇10 =20 = 9 ( 9+99+999+…….. n terms)
𝑎 + 10 − 1 𝑑 = 20 5
= 9 [(10-1)+(100-1)+(1000-1)..n)
𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 20 ……..(2) 5 10 10 𝑛 −1
By solving (1) and (2) we get =9 −𝑛
10−1
8𝑑 = 16 ⇒ 𝑑 = 2 5 10 10 𝑛 −1
𝑆𝑛 = −𝑛
9 9
Substitute d=2 in equ(1) we get
𝑎 = 2.
3. The sum of three numbers in an A.Pis
𝑇15 = 𝑎 + 15 − 1 𝑑
15 and their product is 105.Find the
= 2+14(2) =2+28=30
numbers.
𝑇15 =30.
Solution:
1 1
Let the numbers be 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑
7. Insert 3 means between 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 15
64
Solution: 3𝑎 = 15
Let 𝑔1 , 𝑔2 , 𝑔3 be the 3 numbers between ∴𝑎=5
1 1 Product =15
𝑎𝑛𝑑
4 64 𝑎 − 𝑑 𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 105
5 − 𝑑 5 5 + 𝑑 = 105
1 1 25-21= 𝑑 2
∴ , 𝑔1 , 𝑔2 , 𝑔3 , 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃
4 64 4 = 𝑑2
1
𝑇5 = 𝑑=2
64
4 1 ∴ 𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑
𝑎𝑟 = 64
5-2, 5, 5+2
 3,5,7 61-3 =2n-2
4. Find the sum of all integers between 2n = 58+2
60 and 400 which are divisible by 13 2n =60
Solution: n= 30
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 65+78+91+….+390 𝑆𝑛 = 2 𝑎 + 𝑙
a=5, d=13, n=? 𝑇𝑛 =390 30
𝑇𝑛 =a+ (n-1)d = (3 + 61)
2
390 =65+(n-1) 13 𝑆𝑛 = 15 (64) = 960
390 =65+ 13n-13 7. The sum of three numbers in A.P is -18
13n=338 and their squares is 140. Find the
∴ 𝑛 = 26 numbers
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 𝑎 + 𝑙 Solution:
26 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = −18
= (65 + 390)
2 3a= -18
= 13(455) =5915
𝑎 = −6
𝑆𝑛 =5915.
(𝑎 − 𝑑)2 + 𝑎2 + (𝑎 + 𝑑)2 =140
5. If the first term of G.P is 729 and the
3𝑎2 + 2𝑑 2 =140
7th term is 64 find the sum of first
3(−6)2 +2𝑑2 =140
seven terms of the G.P.
108 + 2𝑑 2 =140
Solution:
2𝑑 2 = 140-108
𝑎 = 729 , 𝑇7 =64, 𝑆7 =?
2𝑑 2 =32
𝑇7 = 𝑎𝑟 6
𝑑2 =16
64 = 729𝑟 6
64 𝑑=4
𝑟 6 = 729 ∴ 𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 − 6 − 4, −6, −6 + 4
6
2 -10,-6,-2
𝑟6 =
3 8. Ankur choudhary agrees to pay the rent Rs
2 30,000 for the first year Rs 32,000 for the
𝑟=
3 second year and so on each year the rent is
𝑎 1 − 𝑟𝑛 increased by Rs 2,000/- Find the total amount
𝑆𝑛 =
1−𝑟 he paid for 10 years.
27
729(1− ) Solution:
𝑆𝑛 = 2
3
1−
3 𝑎 = 30,000, 𝑑 = 2,000, 𝑛 = 10
128 𝑛
729(1− )
𝑆𝑛 = 2187 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [ 2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑)
1
3 10
2059 𝑆10 = [2(30,000)+(10-1)2,000]
2
729 2187
= = 5 60,000 + 9 2,000
1 = 5[ 78,000]
3
2059 = 3,90,000
∴ 𝐻𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑑 3,90,000 𝑓𝑜𝑟 10 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠.
= 3
1 8. Find the sum of 6 terms of the G.P
3 1,3,9…..
Solution:
𝑆𝑛 = 2059
𝑎 = 1, 𝑟 = 3, 𝑛 = 6
6. Evaluate 3+5+7+….+61 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
Solution: 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑟−1
729−1
Here a=3, d= 5-3=2 𝑆6 = =364.
2
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 2 1
9. If 3 , 𝑥, 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃 find 𝑥
61= 3+(n-1)2
Solution:
 2 1 3
1
1− 𝑛
1
, 𝑥, 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃 = [n - 10 10
]
3 𝑥 9 1−
1
10
3 1
⟹ 2 , 𝑥 , 2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃 3
1
1− 𝑛
1
10 10
1 3 1
=9 𝑛− 9
⟹ −2 = 2−𝑥 10
𝑥 1 1 1
⟹𝑥+𝑥 =2+2
1 1 3 𝑆𝑛 = 3 𝑛 − 9 1 − 10 𝑛
2 7 12. Find the sum of all numbers between 50
=2
𝑥 and 200 which are divisible by 11.
𝑥 2
=7 Solution: 55,66,77,… 198
2
∴𝑥=7
4 Here a= 55, 𝑇𝑛 =198 , d=11
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
10. The sum of three numbers which are in
198 = 55+ 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
G.P is 43 and their product is 216.Find the
198 -55 = 𝑛 − 1 11
numbers.
143
Solution: =𝑛−1
𝑎 11
, 𝑎 𝑎𝑟 𝑛 − 1 = 13
𝑟
𝑎 𝑛 = 13 + 1
𝑋 𝑎 𝑋 𝑎𝑟 = 216
𝑟 𝑛 = 14
𝑎3 = 216 𝑛
𝑎 𝑆𝑛 = 2 (𝑎 + 𝑙)
⟹ + 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 = 43 14
𝑟 𝑆𝑛 = (55 + 198)
2
6
⟹ + 6 + 6𝑟 = 43 = 7( 253) =1771
𝑟
6 13. Shanmukh buys every year bank’s cash
⟹ + 6𝑟 = 43 − 6 certificate of value exceeding the last
𝑟
6 year’s purchase by Rs.500. After 15 years ,
⟹ + 6𝑟 = 37
𝑟 he finds that the total value of the
⟹ 6 + 6𝑟 2 = 37𝑟 certificates purchased by him is Rs
⟹ 6𝑟 2 − 37𝑟 + 6 = 0 82,500.Find the value of the certificates
⟹ 6𝑟 2 − 36𝑟 − 𝑟 + 6 = 0 purchased by him (a) in the first year and
6𝑟 𝑟 − 6 − 𝑟 − 6 = 0 in the 10th year.
𝑟 − 6 6𝑟 − 1 = 0 Solution:
𝑟 = 6, 𝑟 = 6
1 𝑎 =? , 𝑑 = 5,000, 𝑛 = 15, 𝑆𝑛 =82,500,
𝑛
6 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [ 2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑)
∴ 𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 ,6, 6𝑋6 15
6 82500 = [2a+(15-1)5,000]
2
1, 6, 36 82500 𝑋2
= 2𝑎 + 7000
11. Find the sum to n terms of the series 15
.3+.33+.333+.3333+……. nterms 11000 = 2𝑎 + 7000
Solution: 2a= 11000-7000 =4000
Let 𝑆𝑛 =0.3+0.33+0.333+….. n terms 𝑎 = 2000
3 33
= 10 + 100 + 1000 + ⋯ ..
333 𝑇10 =𝑎 + 10 − 1 𝑑
=2000+9(500)
1 11 111
𝑆𝑛 = 3 + 100 + 1000 𝑇10 =2000+4500=6500.
10
3 9 99 999
= + +
9 10 100 1000 THEORY OF EQUATIONS.
3 1 1 1
=9 1 − 10 + 1 − 100 + 1 − 1000
One mark
3 1 1 1
= 9(1+1+1…..)-(10 + 100 + 1000 + ⋯ )
3 1 1 1 1. Find the nature of the roots without
= 9 [ n- + 10 2 + 10 3 + ⋯ … ] solving the equation 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0
10
 𝑐 2
Solution: 𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎 = 1 =2
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −1, 𝑐 = 1 𝛼 2 𝛽 + 𝛽 2 𝛼 = 𝛼𝛽 𝛼 + 𝛽
∆= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 =1 2 =2
=(−1)2 - 4(1)(1)= 1-4= -3<0 2. If 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are the roots of the
The roots are unequal and imaginary. equation 2𝑥 2 +5𝑥 + 5 = 0, find the
1 1
value of 𝛼 2 +𝛽 2
2. Find the nature of the roots
3𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 5 = 0 Solution:
Solution: −5 5
𝛼+𝛽 = , 𝛼𝛽 = 2
2
𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 8, 𝑐 = 5 1 1 𝛼 +𝛽 2 −2𝛼𝛽
∆= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 ∴ + 𝛽2 =
𝛼2 𝛼𝛽 2
=82 – 4 (3)(5)
=64-60 −5 2 5
−2
=4>0 = 2 2
5 2
The roots are real and unequal. 2
25
−5 5 1
4
3. Solve for 𝑥: = 25 = 25
=5
4
2 7 + 𝑥 − 10 = 16 − 2(𝑥 − 24)
Solution: 3. Determine the nature of the roots
14 + 2𝑥 − 10 = 16 − 2𝑥 + 48 of the equation 2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 7 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 16 + 48 − 14 + 10 Solution:
4𝑥 = 60 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −9, 𝑐 = 7
𝑥 = 15. ∆= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= 81 -4(2)(7) = 81-56 =25 > 0
4. Solve for 𝑥: The roots are real and unequal.
𝑥+2 + 𝑥+3
= 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 4 + 20 4. Form cubic equation whose roots
Solution: are 3,5 and 7
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 6 Solution:
= 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8 ∴𝑥 − 3, 𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 − 7
+ 20 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠
5𝑥 + 6 = −6𝑥 + 28 Equation is 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 − 5 𝑥 − 7
5𝑥 + 6𝑥 = 28 − 6 = 𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 71𝑥 − 105 = 0
11𝑥 = 22
𝑥 = 2.

5. The sum of 6 times a number and 5 5. Find the quotient and remainder
times the number is 55.Which is that when 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 is
number? divided by 𝑥 + 1 using synthetic
Solution:
division.
Let 𝑥 be the number
Solution:
6𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 55
11𝑥 = 55
-1 4 3 -2 -1
𝑥=5
-4 +1 +1
TWO MARKS
+4 -1 -1 0
1. If 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are the roots of the
equation 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑛 Quotient : 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1=0
show that 𝛼 2 𝛽 + 𝛽 2 𝛼 =2 Remainder : 0
Solution:
−𝑏 −(−1)
𝛼+𝛽= = =1 3 Marks
𝑎 1
 equation (3)−(4)
1. Solve the equation by all the four 5𝑦 = 5
method 𝑦=1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4 Put 𝑦 = 1 in equation (1) we get
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4
Solution: 𝑥=2
𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 1.
I. Method of comparison IV. Method of cross multiplication
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4…….. (1)
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 ……… (2) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4…….. (1)
From equ (1) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 ……… (2)
𝑥 = 4 − 2𝑦 ….. (3)
From equ (2) 𝑥 𝑦 1
1 2 -4 1 2 -4
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 3 1 -7 3 1 -7
3𝑥 = 7 − 𝑦
7−𝑦 x 𝑦 1
𝑥 = 3 ……… (4) 2X−7 −(−4X1)
= −4𝑋3 −(−7𝑋1)
= 1𝑋1 −(3𝑋2)
Comparing (3) and (4), we get
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
4−2𝑦 7−𝑦 = =
= 3 −14 + 4 −12 + 7 1 − 6
1
3 4 − 2𝑦 = 7 − 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 1
12 − 6𝑦 = 7 − 𝑦 = =
−10 −5 −5
−6𝑦 + 𝑦 = 7 − 12
−5𝑦 = −5 𝑥 1
= 𝑥=2
𝑦=1 −10 −5
Put y=1 in equation (3) we get 𝑦 1
𝑥 = 4 − 2𝑦 = 4 − 2 = 2 = 𝑦=1
−5 −5
∴ 𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 1.
𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 1.
II.Method of substitution:
2. A father is 28 years older than the son,
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4…….. (1) after 5 years the father’s age will be 7
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 ……… (2) more than twice that of the son .Find their
From equ (1) present ages.
𝑥 = 4 − 2𝑦 Solution:
Let father’s age be x years and son’s age
Substitute the value of a in equation (2) be y years
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 Given: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 28…..(1)
3 4 − 2𝑦 + 𝑦 = 7 After five years father’s age is
12 − 6𝑦 + 𝑦 = 7 𝑥+5=2 𝑦+5 +7
12 − 7 = 6𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑥 + 5 = 2𝑦 + 10 + 7 … (2)
5𝑦 = 5
𝑦=1. Solving (1) and (2) we get
Substitute the value of y in equation (3) we get 𝑥 = 44 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 16
𝑥 = 4 − 2𝑦 Thus father’s age is 44 years and son’s
𝑥 = 4−2= 2 age is 16 years.
𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 1.
III. Method of Elimination 3. A number consists of two digits and whose
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4…….. (1) sum is 3, if 9 is added to the number the
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 ……… (2) digits get interchanged. Find the numbers?
Solution:
Multiply equation (1) by 3 ,we get
3𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 12…….. (3) Let the digit in the ten’s place be x, and
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 ……… (4) the digit in unit place be y
 ∴ The numbers is 10𝑥 + 𝑦 …..(1) Income- Expenditure= saving
Given: 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 ……(2) We get
Also given 10𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9 = 10𝑦 + 𝑥 8𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 1200 ……(1)
9𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 9 = 0 …… (3) 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1000 ……(2)
𝑥−𝑦+1=0 Solving (1) and (2) we get
𝑥 = 1400, 𝑦 = 2000
Solving the equation (2) and (3) we get ∴ Annual income of two brothers is
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 8𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5𝑥
∴ The two digit number is 8𝑥 = 8𝑋1400 = 𝑅𝑠 11,200
10𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10𝑋1 + 2 = 12 5𝑥 = 5𝑋1400 = 𝑅𝑠 7,000
4. Two numbers are in the ratio of 4:5 and if
24 is subtracted from each of them , the Four Marks
resulting numbers are in the ratio of 2:3.
Find the numbers. 1. Find the quotient and the remainder obtained
Solution: by dividing 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 10 = 0
Let the two numbers be 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑦 𝑏𝑦 (𝑥 + 1)
Given: 𝑥: 𝑦 = 4:5 ⟹ 5𝑥 = 4𝑦
Solution:
5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 0 ……(1)
Here the multiple is -1
Also given: 𝑥 − 24 : 𝑦 − 24 =2:3
( ∴ 𝑥 + 1 = 0, 𝑥 = −1)
3 𝑥 − 24 = 2(𝑦 − 24)
Let us remove the root -1 by synthetic
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 24 ….. (2)
division
Solving (1) and (2), we get
𝑥 = 48 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 60 x=-1 1 4 -7 -10
Hence the two numbers are 48 and 60 . -1 -3 +10
5. Divide 25 in to two parts that the sum of 1 3 -10 0
1
the reciprocals is 6.
Solution: Quotient = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10 =0
Let the two parts be 𝑥𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 Remainder = 0
Given 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 25 ….(1) 2. Find the quotient and the remainder when
1 1 1
+𝑦 =6 𝑥 4 + 10𝑥 3 + 39𝑥 2 + 76𝑥 + 65 = 0 by 𝑥+4
𝑥
6𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 … . . (2) Solution:
Multiply equation (1) by 6 , we get Let 𝑥 = −4
6𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 150 … . (3) 𝑥 = −4 1 10 39 76 65
Solving (2) and (3) we get -4 -24 -60 -64
0= 150 − 𝑥𝑦 ⟹ 𝑥𝑦 = 150 1 6 15 16 1
Also we have 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 3 2
∴ quotient =𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 15𝑥 + 16
= (25)2 – 4(150) Remainder = 1.
𝑥 − 𝑦 2 = 625 a=25 3. Find an integral root between -3 and 3 by
6. Two brothers have their annual income in inspection and then by using synthetic
the ratio 8:5, while their annual division. Solve the equation
expenditure are in the ratio 5:3, if they 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6
save Rs 1200/- and Rs 1000/- per annum. Solution:
Find their incomes.
Solution: Let f(x) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6
Let the income be x and expenditure be y. f(1)= 1-2-5+6=7-7=0
So the income of two brothers would ∴ 𝑥 = 1 is root of the given equation. Let us
be 8𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5𝑥 and the expenditures would remove this root by synthetic division
be 5𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑦.
𝑥 = 1 1 -2 -5 6
We know that 1 -1 -6
1 -1 -6 0
 ∴ The resulting equation is 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 = 22 − 2. 3 =
4 12−8 4
=3
3
is the quotient and the remainder=0 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 2 +𝛽 2 4
3
∴ 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 2) + = =4 =1
𝛽 𝛼 𝛼𝛽 3
𝑥−3 𝑥−2 = 0 3) 𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3 = 𝛼 + 𝛽 3
− 3𝛼𝛽 𝛼 + 𝛽
𝑥 = 3, −2 = 23 −
3.4
(2)= 8-8= 0
Thus 𝑥 = 1, −2,3 are the roots of the given 3
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 3 +𝛽 3
equation. 4) + 𝛼2 = =0
𝛽2 𝛼𝛽 2
2. If 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are the roots of the equation
4. Obtain a root of the equation 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 7 = 0 find the value of
𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 = 0 by inspection and i) 𝛼 + 𝛽
then solve the equation. ii) 𝛼𝛽
Solution: 1 1
iii) +
𝛼 𝛽
3
Let f(x)= 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3 2 iv) 𝛼 𝛽 +𝛼𝛽 2
2

f(1) = 1-2-2+3= 4-4 =0 Solution:

∴ 𝑥 = 1 is a root of the given equation .Let
us remove the root +1 by synthetic division. Comparing with the standard form
a=2, b= 3, c= 7
We know that
𝑥 = 1 1 -2 -2 3 −𝑏 −3
𝛼+𝛽= 𝑎 = 2
1 -1 -3 𝑐 7
𝛼𝛽= 𝑎 = 2
1 -1 -1 0 −3
1 1 𝛼+𝛽 +7 −3 −21
∴ The resultant of equation is 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0 +𝛽 = = 7
2
= 𝑋 =
𝛼 𝛼𝛽 2 2 2 4
And Remainder =0 3. If 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are the roots of the equation
2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 5 = 0, find the value of
𝑥=
1+ 13
,
1− 13 1)𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2
2 2
𝛼 𝛽
∴ The roots are 1,
1+ 13
,
1− 13 2) +
2 2 𝛽 𝛼
3)𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3
Five marks 𝛼 𝛽
4)𝛽 2 + 𝛼 2
5) 𝛼 2 𝛽 + 𝛼𝛽 3
1. If 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are the roots of the equation 6) 𝛼 4 𝛽 + 𝛼𝛽 4
3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 4 = 0 find the values of the 𝛼 3 +𝛽 3
7) 𝛼 2 +𝛽 2
following
1) 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2
𝛼 𝛽 Solution:
2) +𝛼
𝛽
3) 𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3 a=2 , b=-10, c=5
−𝑏 −(−10)
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 3 +𝛽 3 𝛼+𝛽 = 𝑎 = 2 =5
4) + 𝛼2 =
𝛽2 𝛼𝛽 2 𝑐 5
𝛼𝛽= 𝑎 = 2
Solution:
1) 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = 𝛼 + 𝛽 2 − 2𝛼𝛽
5
Comparing with the standard = 52 − 2. 2 = 25-5=20
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 2 +𝛽 2 20 40
equation: a=3 , b= -6 , c=4 2) 𝛽
+𝛼 = 𝛼𝛽
=5 = 5
=8
−𝑏 −(−6) 2
𝛼+𝛽 = = =2 3) 𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3 = 𝛼 + 𝛽 3
− 3𝛼𝛽 𝛼 + 𝛽
𝑎 3
𝑐 4 5
𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎 = 3 = 53 − 3. 2 (5)
75 250−75 175
= 125 - = =
2 2 2
1) 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = 𝛼 + 𝛽 2
− 2𝛼𝛽
 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 3 +𝛽 3 172 175 4 ii) Prove that Total Revenue is equal
2
4) 𝛽2
+ 𝛼2 = 𝛼𝛽 2
= 5 2
= 2
𝑋 25 = 14
2
to the Total cost at BEP.
5
5) 𝛼𝛽 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = .20 = 50
5
2
175 875
Solution: Given TFC = ₹ 5000, VC = ₹ 5
6) αβ(α3 + β3 ) = 2 𝑋 2
= 4 and P = ₹ 15
𝛼 3 +𝛽 3 175 35
2
7) 𝛼 2 +𝛽 2
= 20 = 8
i) Total Cost = C(x)
1
= TFC + TVC
LINEAR FUNCTIONS = 5000 + 5x
Total Revenue = R(x)
4/5 MARKS: = Price ×Quantity
= 15x
1. A manufacturer produce and sells bags at
At BEP, R(x) = C(x)
₹ 8/unit. His Fixed cost is ₹ 5550 and the
15x = 5000 + 5x
variable cost per bag is ₹ 2.45. Find 10x = 5000
i) Revenue Function 5000
∴x= = 500 units.
ii) Cost Function 10

iii) Profit Function ii) TR = Price × output

iv) BEP in unit. = 15x
TC = TFC + TVC
Solution: Given TFC = ₹ 5550, = 5000 + 5x
P = ₹ 8/unit, VC = ₹ 2.45/unit When x = 500,
TR = 15(500) = 7500
i) Revenue Function: TC = 5000 + 5(500)
R(x) = Price × Quantity = 5000 + 2500
= (8)(x) = 7500
= 8x ∴ TR = TC
ii) Cost Function: 3. A Company sells x Box of chalk powder
C(x) = ax + b each day at ₹ 20/Box. The cost of
= TVC + TFC manufacturing and selling these boxes is
= 2.45x + 5550 ₹ 900. Find the profit if 1000 boxes are
iii) Profit Function: manufactured and sold per day?
P(x) = R(x) – C(x) Solution: TR = R(x)
= 8x – (2.45x + 5550)
= Price × quantity
= 8x – 2.45x – 5550 = 20x
= 5.55x – 5550 TC = C(x)
iv) At BEP, = TVC + TFC
Total Revenue = Total Cost = 15x + 900
R(x) = C(x) Profit/day = P(x) = R(x) – C(x)
8x = 2.45x + 5550
= 20x – (15x + 900)
8x – 2.45x = 5550 = 20x – 15x – 900
5.55x = 5550 = 5x – 900
5550
∴x= = 1000 units. Let x = 1000 Boxes /day
5.5
2. The Fixed cost of a firm and variable ∴ Profit/Day = 5(1000) – 900
cost/unit of the product are ₹ 5000/- years = 5000 – 900
and ₹ 5 respectively. If the selling price is = 4100.
4. A Manufacturer of steel vessels fin ds that
₹ 15/- unit. Find the
his cost function is linear. He calculates
i) BEP in unit
that the total cost for 250 units is ₹ 8000
 15000
and for 350 units the total cost is ₹ 10000. ∴x= = 7500 units.
2
What are his fixed cost and variable (iii) If x = 5000 units
cost/unit? TR = 5000 × P (P = Price/unit)
Solution: C(x) = ax + b C(x) = 3.5 (5000) + 15000
If x = 250unit, C(250) = a(250) + b = 32500
8000 = 250a + b ……(1) For No Loss,
If x = 350 unit, C(350) = a(350) + b 32500 = 5000 P
10000 = 350a + b ……(2) 32500
∴P=
(2) – (1) gives 5000

2000 = 100a = 6.5

2000
a= = 20
100
Substituting in (1) ∴ Selling price per unit = ₹ 6.5.
8000 = 250(20) + b 6. Tata Automobile Ltd., estimates that when
8000 = 5000 + b they manufacture 1,00,000 cars per year
b = 3000
their total cost will be ₹ 1700 crore. If they
Hence fixed cost is ₹ 3000 and the
increase their production to 1,50,000 cars
variable cost is ₹ 20. per year, they expect their total cost
increases to ₹ 2450 crores. If the selling
5. The Daily cost of production C for x units
price of each car is ₹ 2,75,000
of a manufactured product is given by
(i) What will be the Break-Even
C(x) = 3.5x + 15000
Production?
(i) If each unit is sold for ₹ 5,
(ii) What is the linear function
determine the minimum number of relationship between the total cost
units that should be produced and and production value?
sold to ensure no loss. Solution:
(ii) If the selling price is increased by (ii) Let C(𝑥1 ) be the cost function
half a Rupee/Unit, what should be When x1 = 100000 cars
the Break-Even Point.
(iii) If 5000 units are sold daily, what Let C(𝑥2 ) be the cost function when
price/unit should be charged to
guarantee no loss. 𝑥2 = 150000 cars
Solution: ∴C(𝑥1 ) = a(100000) + b = 1700crores…(1)
(i) Given C(x) = 3.5x +15000
R(x) = 5x C(𝑥2 ) = a(150000) + b = 2450crores…(2)
For BEP C(x) = R(x)
(1) – (2) gives
3.5x + 15000 = 5x
-50000a = -750 crores
5x – 3.5x = 15000 750 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠
1.5x = 15000 ∴ a= 50000
15000
x= ∴ Total variable cost = a = ₹ 1,50,000
1.5
x = 10000 units Substituting in (1)
(ii) If the selling price is increased by (150000)(100000) + b = 1700crores
half a Rupee/unit ∴ b = ₹ 200 crore = Total fixed
R(x) = 5.5x cost
Again for BEP C(x) = R(x) ∴ The total cost function is
3.5x + 15000 = 5.5x C(x) = 150000x + 200
5.5x – 3.5x = 15000 (i) At Break –Even Point
2x = 15000 C(x) = R(x)
 1,50,000x + 200 = (Selling Price)x bags are produced and sold. Also find the
1,50,000x + 200 = (2,75,000)x Break Even Point.
200 = 2,75,000x – 1,50,000x Solution: Given
200 = 1,25,000x TFC = ₹ 1,40,000
200 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑒
∴ x= = 16,000 TVC = 75.5x (x ix No. of bags produced)
1,25,000
To reach the BEP the Tata TR = 250.5x
Automobile must produce atleast ∴ P(x) = R(x) – C(x)
16000 cars. = R(x) – ( TVC + TFC)
7. If R(x) = 1.05x, C(x) = 0.85x, Total fixed = 250.5x – 75.5x – 1,40,000
cost = 600(x is the volume of output), find = 175x - 1,40,000
the rupees sales and quantity sold at break- If x = 1000 bags,
P(x) = 175(1000) -1,40,000
even point. If a profit of ₹ 5000 is required
= 1,75,000 – 1,40,000
how much rupees sales and volume of
= ₹ 35000
output are required?
Solution: At Break-Even Point For Break-Even Point,
C(x) = R(x) R(x) = C(x) or P(x) = 0
0.85x + 600 = 1.05x 175x – 1,40,000 = 0
600 = (1.05 – 0.85)x 175x = 1,40,000
1,40,000
600 x= = 800
∴x= 175
0.2
x = 3000 units are produced ∴ 800 bags has to be produced by
Rupees sale will be 3000(1.05) = ₹ 3150 Company for no loss nor profit.
9. If ‘x’ represents number of units produced,
If a profit of ₹ 5000 is required the
selling price per unit is ₹ 14, variable
volume
of output x will be, cost/unit is ₹ 7.33 and the Fixed cost is
P(x) = R(x) – C(x) ₹ 1200. Find the Break-Even point and
5000 = 1.05x – (0.85x + 600) quantity of sales. What is the slope of the
5000 = 1.05x – 0.85x – 600 total cost line?
5000 + 600 = 0.2x Solution: TR = R(x)
0.2x = 5600 = Selling Price × Quantity
5600 = 14x
∴x= = 28000 units.
0.2
TC = C(x)
To produce a profit of ₹ 5000, 28,000 = 6.67x + 1200
unit At BEP C(x) = R(x)
Should be produced and 6.67x + 1200 = 14x
Sold at = 28,000 × 1.05 = ₹ 29400. 1200 = 14x – 6.67x
8. A School bag manufacturer company starts 1200 = 7.33x
production of a new variety of cotton bag. 1200
∴x= = 180 units
7.33
Fof the 1st year the Fixed cost for setting
Break Even Sale = R(180)
up the infrastructure is ₹ 1,40,000 and
= 14(180)
variable cost for production of each bag is
= 2520
₹ 75. But the company given production The slope of the cost line is the variable
bonus to its employees so the variable cost Cost/ unit = 7.33.
further increases by 50paise/bag. Each bag
is sold at ₹ 250.50, what is the profit P(x) 10. The Philips Light Co. a manufacturing of
for x bags. Calculate the profit if 1000 light bulbs will break even at a Sales
Volume of ₹ 2,00,000. The Fixed Cost is
 ₹ 40,000 and the selling price/bulb is ₹ 5. 3. Find the present value of a perpetuity of
What is the average variable cost/bulb? ₹ 3000 to be received forever at 4% p.a.
Solution: Given TC = C(x) Solution: A = 3000 r = 0.04
𝐴 3000
= TVC + TFC P∞ = = = 75000
𝑟 0.04
= ax + 40000 ( a is variable cost)
4. A scholarship of ₹ 2000 every year has to
TR = R(x)
be instituted. How much should be
= Selling price × Quantity
invested today if the interest rate is
= 5x
8%p.a.?
2,00,000 = 5x 8
200000 Solution: A = 2000 r = 8% = 100 = 0.08
x= 5
x = 40000 bulbs 𝐴 2000
For Break Even Sale P∞ = = = 25000
𝑟 0.08
C(x) = R(x) 5. A person endows a bed in a hospital at the
ax + 40000 = 2,00,000 cost of ₹ 7000 p.a., If the interest rate is
ax = 2,00,000 – 40000 14%p.a. how much should he provide in
ax = 1,60,000 perpetuity?
at x = 40000 14
Solution: A = 7000 r = 14% = 100 = 0.14
a(40000) = 1,60,000
1,60,000
a= =4 𝐴 7000
40000 P∞ = = = 50000
𝑟 0.14
∴ variable cost a = ₹ 4.
4/5 MARKS:
11. If the cost function C(x) of producing ‘x’
1. A Company needs ₹ 1,50,000 at the end of
unit of a product is given by C(x) =
10 years from now. It would like to set
500𝑥 2 + 2500𝑥 + 5000 and if each unit
aside an equal amount each year from its
of the product is sold at ₹ 6000 then find
profit. If the present market rate is 15%,
BEP. how much should be the annual amount to
Solution: be invested?
Given C(x) = 500𝑥 2 + 2500𝑥 + 5000 Solution:
R(x) = Selling price × Quantity F = 1,50,000 n = 10 r = 15% = 0.15
= 6000x 𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1
F=
For BEP: C(x) = R(x) 𝑟
𝐴 1+0.15 10 −1
500𝑥 2 + 2500𝑥 + 5000 = 6000𝑥 150000 =
0.15
500𝑥 2 + 2500𝑥 − 6000𝑥 + 5000 = 0 𝐴 1.15 10 −1
500𝑥 2 − 3500𝑥 + 5000 = 0 150000 = 0.15
𝐴 4.045−1
⟹ 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 10 = 0 150000 = 0.15
𝑥−5 𝑥−2 =0 150000 ×0.15 22500
A= =
𝑥 = 5 or 𝑥 = 2 units. 3.045 3.045
A = ₹ 7389.16
ANNUITIES 2. Mr. Ashok has 20 more years to retire. He
1MARK/2MARKS: decides to save some money for his
1. Define an Annuity. retirement. If he saves ₹ 9000 every year,
An annuity is a fixed sum of money paid at how much will he have when he retires if
regular intervals of time under certain the interest rate is 18% p.a.?
conditions. Solution: n = 20, A = 9000,r = 18% = 0.18
2. Define Perpetuity. 𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1
F= 𝑟
If Annuity payments are made for an
9000 1+0.18 20 −1
infinite period then it is called perpetuity. F= 0.18
 9000 1.18 20 −1 10000 1.035 10 −1
= =
0.18 0.035
9000 27.393−1 10000 1.4106 −1
= =
0.18 0.035
9000×26.393 237537 10000 ×0.4106
= = =
0.18 0.18 0.035
= ₹ 1319651.73 = ₹ 117313.93
3. In how many years an annuity of ₹ 100 6. Find the future value of an annuity of ₹
amounts to ₹ 3137.12 and 4.5% p.a. 200 payable every month at 12% p.a.
compound interest? compound interest computed every month
Solution: A = 100, F = 3137.12 , r = 0.045 for the next two years.
𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1 Solution: A = 200 , n = 2 × 12 = 24
F= 0.12
𝑟
100 1+0.045 𝑛 −1
r= = 0.01
12
3137.12 = 𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1
0.045
F=
141.1704 = 100 1.045 𝑛 − 1 𝑟
200 1+0.01 24 −1
1.411704 + 1 = 1.045 𝑛 F= 0.01
1.045 𝑛 = 2.4117 200 1.01 24 −1
=
∴ n log 1.405 = log 2.4117 0.01
log 2.4117 0.3823 200 1.2697−1
n= = 0.0191 =
log 1.405 0.01
200×0.2697
= 20 years. = 0.01
4. Mr. Shanshank needs ₹ 60000 for his = ₹ 5394
child’s education after 10 years, how much 7. A man borrows ₹ 20000 and agrees to pay
should he set aside each year for 10 years the borrowed amount in 10 equal
to accumulate this amount at the rate of installments at the rate of 6% p.a. Find the
8% compounded quarterly? amount of each instalment.
Solution: R = 8% , q = 4 Solution: P = 20000, n = 10 , r = 0.06
𝑅 𝑞 0.08 4 𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1
r= 1+ − 1= 1+ − 1 P=
𝑞 4 𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑛
4
= 1.02 - 1 = 1.082 – 1 = 0.082 𝐴 1+0.06 10 −1
20000 =
= 8.2% 0.06 1+0.06 10

F = 60000, n = 10 , r = 0.082 , A = ?
𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1 𝐴 1.06 10 −1
F= 20000 =
𝑟 0.06 1.06 10
𝐴 1+0.082 10 −1 𝐴 1.7908−1
60000 = 20000 =
0.082 0.06×1.7908
10 20000 ×0.06 ×1.7908
4920 = A 1.082 − 1 A= 0.7908
4920 4920
A = 2.1992−1 = 1.1992 A = 2717.45
= 4102.73 8. Raj wants to invest a lump-sum amount in
5. Vani decides to save ₹ 10000 every six the bank so that he can get an annual
months for the next 5 years and deposit it income of ₹ 15000 every year for the next
in a bank which offers 7% p.a. interest 10 years. If the bank offers 16% p.a.
compounded half yearly. How much will compound interest, what amount he
Vani have in her account after 5 years? should invest today?
Solution: A = 10000 , n = 2 × 5 = 10 Solution: A = 15000, n = 10 , r = 0.16
0.07 𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1
r= = 0.035 P=
2 𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑛
𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1 15000 1+0.16 10 −1
F= =
𝑟 0.16 1+0.16 10
10000 1+0.035 10 −1
F= 0.035
 15000 1.16 10 −1 2000 1+0.10 6 −1
= 10
= (1 + 0.10)
0.16 1.16 0.10
15000 4.4114 −1 2000 1.10 6 −1
= = (1.10)
0.16×4.4114 0.10
= 72498.24 = 16,974.34
9. Vani borrowed ₹ 20000 at 6% compound 12. If a person wants Rs. 25,000 after 8 years,
interest compounded quarterly promising how much should he invest in an annuity
to repay the money in 4 equal installments. due each year at 6% p.a.?
Find the amount of each installment. F = 25,000 , n = 8 , r = 0.06, A = ?
𝐹𝑟
Solution: R = 6% = 0.06 , q = 4 𝐴= 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1 [1+𝑟]
𝑅 𝑞 0.06 4 25000 ×0.06
r= 1+ − 1= 1+ − 1 =
𝑞 4 1+0.06 8 −1 [1+0.06]
4
= 1.015 - 1 = 1.0613 – 1 = 0.0613 1500
= 0.5938×1.06
= 6.13% 1500
P = 20000 , r = 0.0613, n = 4 = 0.6294
𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1 = 2383.22
P= 𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑛
13. Find the present value of an annuity due of
𝐴 1+0.0613 4 −1
20000 = 0.0613 ₹ 1000 for 3 years if the payment is made
1+0.0613 4
at the beginning of each year, interest rate
𝐴 1.0613 4 −1 being 4% p.a.
20000 = 0.06 1.0613 4 Solution: A = 1000 , n = 3, r = 0.04
𝐴 1.2687 −1
20000 = 0.0613 ×1.2687 𝐴[ 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1]
𝑃= (1 + 𝑟)
20000 ×0.0613 ×1.2687 𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑛
A= 1000 1+0.04 3 −1
0.2687 = (1 + 0.04)
0.04 1+0.04 3
A = 5788.71
1000 1.04 3 −1
10. How much should you invest today at 8% = (1.04)
0.04 1.04 3
compound interest computed quarterly so 1000 1.1249−1
= (1.04)
that you get ₹ 3000 every 3 months for the 0.04 ×1.1249
1000 ×0.1249 ×1.04
next 7 years? = 0.04×1.1249
0.08
Solution: A = 3000 , r = = 0.02, = 2886.83
4
n = 7× 4 = 28 months 14. Shreya purchased a mobile paying ₹
𝐴 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1 5000 as down payment and promising to
P= 𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑛 pay ₹ 200 every three months for the next
3000 1+0.02 28 −1
= 4 years. The seller charges interest at 8%
0.02 1+0.02 28
p.a. compounded quarterly. What is the
3000 1.02 28 −1 cash price of the mobile if the payments
= 0.02 1.02 28 are made at the beginning of each 3
3000 1.741−1 months?
= 0.02×1.741 0.08
= 63842.61 Solution: r = = 0.02 , n = 4 × 4 =16
4
11. Find the future value of an annuity of A = 200
Rs.2,000 for 6 years, if the payment is 𝐴[ 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1]
𝑃= (1 + 𝑟)
𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑛
made at the beginning of each year,
200 1+0.02 16 −1
interest rate being 10% p.a. = (1 + 0.02)
0.02 1+0.02 16
Solution: A = Rs. 2,000, n = 6 , r = 0.10 200 1.02 16 −1
= (1.02)
Payment is made at the beginning of each 0.02 1.02 16
200 1.3727 −1
year. ∴ It is annuity due. = (1.02)
0.02 ×1.3727
𝐴[ 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1]
𝐹= (1 + 𝑟) =
200×0.3727 ×1.02
𝑟 0.02×1.3727
= 2769.39
 ∴ cash price = 2769.39 + 5000 𝐴[ 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1]
P= 𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑛 +𝑑
= 7769.39
2000 [ 1+0.1 20 −1]
15. Find the present value of annuity of =
0.1 1+0.1 20+10
₹ 2000 payable at beginning of each 2000 [ 1.1 20 −1]
= 0.16 1.1 30
quarter for the next 3 years, if the rate of
2000 (6.7275 −1)
interest is 4% p.a. compounded quarterly. = 0.16×17.4494
Solution: A = 2000 , n = 3× 4 = 12, 2000 (5.7275 )
= 0.16×17.4494 = 4102.93
0.04
r= = 0.01
4

𝐴[ 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1]
18. What is the present value of an perpetuity
𝑃= (1 + 𝑟) of ₹ 5000 to be received forever if the
𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑛
first receipt occurs at the end of the sixth
2000 1+0.01 12 −1
= (1 + 0.01) year from now, interest rate being 8% p.a.?
0.01 1+0.01 12
Solution: A = 5000 , r = 8% = 0.08 d = 5
2000 1.01 12 −1
= (1.01) 𝐴
0.01 1.01 12
𝑃∞ = 𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑑
2000 1.1268 −1
= (1.01) 5000
0.01×1.1268 = 0.08 1+0.08 5
2000 ×0.1268 ×1.01
= 5000
0.01 ×1.1268
= 0.08 1+0.08 5
= 22731.27
5000
= 0.08×1.4693
16. A person purchases a house for ₹ 25 lakhs
as down payment. The rest of the amount = 42537.26
he loans from a bank which offers 16%
p.a. compound interest and has to repay CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM IN A
the loan in 20 equal installments. If the PLANE
first installment is paid at the end of the 1MARK/2MARKS:
third year, find how much he has to pay 1. Find the distance of the point (4,-2) from
each year? the origin.
Solution: P = 2500000 – 500000 Solution: 42 + −2 2 = 16 + 4 = 20
= 2000000 =2 5
r = 16% = 0.16, d = 2, n = 20 2. Find the distance between the points (3,2)
𝐴[ 1+𝑟 𝑛 −1] and (7,5).
𝑃= 𝑟 1+𝑟 𝑛 +𝑑
Solution: let A = (3,2) and B = (7,5)
𝐴[ 1+0.16 20 −1]
2000000 = 0.16 7−3 2 + 5−2 2
1+0.16 20 +2 AB =
𝐴[ 1.16 20 −1]
= = 42 + 32 = 16 + 9
0.16 1.16 22
𝐴[19.4607 −1] = 25 = 5 units.
= 0.16×26.1864
2000000 ×0.16 ×26.1864
A= 3. Find the distance of the following points
18.4607
= 453918.21 from the x-axis:
17. What is the present value of ₹ 2000 i) (-4,-11)
recievable for 20 years. If the annuity is Solution: 11
deferred for 10 years and interest rate is ii) (3/4, 4)
10% p.a.? Solution: 4
Solution: A = 2000, n = 20, d = 10, 4. Find the distance of following points from
r = 0.1 the y-axis.
i) (8,6)
 Solution: 8 ∴ P = (0,15)

ii) (- 4,9) 9. Find a point on the x-axis which is

Solution: 4 equidistant from (-6,4) and (2,-4).
Solution:
5. Find the reflection of the point (3,-5) in let A = (-6,4) , B = (2,-4) and P =(x,0)
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis (c) through the Given PA = PB
origin. 2
𝑥 − −6 + 0−4 2
Solution:
(a) (3 , 5) 2
= 𝑥−2 2 + 0 − −4
(b) (-3 , -5)
(c) (-3 , 5) 𝑥+6 2
+ −4 2 = 𝑥 − 2 2 + 4 2

S.B.S
6. Find the distance between the point P(4,3) 𝑥 + 6 + 16 = 𝑥 − 2 2 + 16
2
and its reflection in x-axis.
𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 36 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4
Solution: Let P = (4,3) and Q = ( 4,-3)
36 + 12x = 4 – 4x
PQ = 4−4 2 + −3 − 3 2
12x + 4x = 4 – 36
= 0 + −6 2 = 36 16x = -32
= 6 units. x = -2
7. If the distance between (2,a) and (-1,1) is ∴ P = (-2,0)
13 , find the value of a.
Solution: let A = (2,a) and B = (-1,1) 10. Find the co-ordinates of the point which
AB = −1 − 2 2 + 1−𝑎 2 divides the line joining the points (1,-3)
and (-3,9) in the ratio 1:3.
13 = −3 2 + 1 − 𝑎 2
Solution: Let A = (1,-3) and B = (-3,9)
S.B.S
Let P divide AB in ratio 1:3
13 = 9 + 1 − 𝑎 2 𝑚 𝑥 2 +𝑛𝑥 1 𝑚 𝑦 2 +𝑛𝑦 1
∴ 𝑃= , 𝑚 +𝑛
1 − 𝑎 2 = 13 - 9 𝑚 +𝑛
1 −3 +3(1) 1 9 +3(−3)
1−𝑎 2 =4 = , = (0,0)
1+3 1+3
1−𝑎 =±2
1 − 𝑎 = 2 or 1 − 𝑎 = -2 11. The line joining the points (1,-2) and (-3,4)
𝑎 = 1 – 2 or 𝑎 = 1+2 is trisected. Find the co-ordinates of the
𝑎 = -1 or 𝑎 = 3 point of the trisection.
8. Find a point on the y-axis which is Solution: Let A = (1,-2) and B = (-3,4)
equidistant from (7,6) and (-3,4). Let P and Q be the Points of trisection
Solution: P divides AB internally in the ratio 1:2
let A = (7,6) , B = (-3,4) and P =(0,y) 𝑚 𝑥 2 +𝑛𝑥 1 𝑚 𝑦 2 +𝑛𝑦 1
∴ 𝑃= ,
𝑚 +𝑛 𝑚 +𝑛
Given PA = PB 1 −3 +2(1) 1 4 +2(−2)
2 2 2 2 = ,
7−0 + 6−𝑦 = −3 − 0 + 4−𝑦 1+2 1+2
−1 0 −1
7 2 + 6−𝑦 2
= −3 2 + 4 − 𝑦 2 = ,3 = ,0
3 3
S.B.S Q divides AB internally in the ratio 2:1
49 + 6 − 𝑦 = 9 + 4 − 𝑦 2
2
∴ 𝑃=
𝑚 𝑥 2 +𝑛𝑥 1 𝑚 𝑦 2 +𝑛𝑦 1
,
𝑚 +𝑛 𝑚 +𝑛
49 + 36 + 𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 = 9 + 16 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 2 −3 +1(1) 2 4 +1(−2)
85 - 12y = 25 – 8y = ,
2+1 2+1
12y – 8y = 85 – 25 −5 6 −5
= ,3 = ,2
3 3
4y = 60
y = 15
12. Find the co=ordinates of the centre of the are (5,6) and (-1,4). Find the co-ordinates
circle having (-3,4) and (5,8) as ends of the of C.
diameter. Solution: Given A= (5,6) , B = (-1,4)
Solution: Let A = (-3,4) and B = (5,8) G = (2,3) Let C = (x , y)
Centre C is midpoint of AB 𝑥 1 +𝑥 2 +𝑥 3 𝑦 1 +𝑦2 +𝑦3
Centroid G = ,
−3+5 4+8 3 3
∴ C= , = 1,6 5−1+ 𝑥 6+4+𝑦
2 2 (2,3) = ,
3 3
4+ 𝑥 10+𝑦
13. Find the other end of the diameter of the (2,3) = ,
3 3
4+𝑥
circle whose centre is the origin and one ∴ =2⟹ x=2
3
end of the diameter is (-3,6). 10+𝑦
And = 3 ⟹ y = -1
Solution:Let A = (-3,6),B = (x,y) O = (0,0) 3
O is midpoint of AB ∴ C = (2,-1)
𝑥 −3 𝑦 +6 17. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices
∴ O= ,
2 2 are A(6,3), B(-3,5) and C(4,-2).
𝑥 −3 𝑦+6
⟹ (0,0) = , Solution: Given A= (6,3) , B = (-3,5)
2 2
𝑥 −3 C = (4,-2)
∴ =0⟹x=3
2 1
𝑦 +6 ∆ ABC= 𝑥1 𝑦2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑥2 𝑦3 −
And = 0 ⟹y = -6 2
2
𝑦1 𝑥3 𝑦1 − 𝑦2
∴ B = (3,-6) 1
= 6 5 + 2 − 3 −2 − 3 +
2
14. (-3,4) is a point on a circle whose centre is 4(3 − 5)
1
the origin. Find the co-ordinates of the = 6 7 − 3 −5 + 4(−2)
2
extremity of the diameter through (-3,4). 1
= (49)
Also find the radius of the circle. 2
49
Solution: = Sq.units.
2
Let A = (-3,4) – one end of diameter 18. Show that the points A(1,-1) , B( 2,1) and
B = (x,y) – other end diameter C ( 4,5) are collinear.
O = (0,0) - centre Solution :
O is midpoint of AB ΔABC = ½ [ 1(1-5)+2(5+1)+4(-1-1)]
𝑥 −3 𝑦 +4 = ½ [1 x -4 + 2 x 6 + 4 x -2]
∴ O= , = ½ [ -4 + 12 - 8]
2 2
𝑥 −3 𝑦+4 =½x0=0
⟹ (0,0) = ,
2 2 ∴ A,B,C are collinear.
𝑥 −3
∴ =0⟹x=3
2
𝑦 +4 19. If the points (-a,1),(a,3),(6,5) are collinear
And = 0 ⟹y = -4 find the value of a.
2
∴ B = (3,-4) Solution :
And Radius OA = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5 ΔABC = ½ [-a(3-5)+a(5-1)+6(1-3)]
= ½ [2a + 4a - 12]
= ½ [ 6a - 12]
15. Find the centroid of the triangle with 1
(6a-12) = 0
vertices (7,-3), (4,6) and (-11,-3). 2
6a – 12 = 0
Solution:
𝑥 1 +𝑥 2 +𝑥 3 𝑦 1 +𝑦2 +𝑦3
6a = 12
Centroid G = , ∴ a=2
3 3
7+4−11 −3+6−3
= , = (0,0) 3MARKS :
3 3

16. The centroid of the triangle ABC is the 1. Prove that the points (4,-2), (2,-4) and
point (2,3). The co-ordinates of A and B (7,1) are collinear.
Solution:
 Let A(4,-2), B(2,-4), C( 7,1)
AB = (4 − 2)2 + (−2 + 4)2
= 8 =2 2
BC = (2 − 7)2 + (−4 − 1)2
= 50 = 5 2
AC = (4 − 7)2 + (−2 − 1)2
= 18 = 3 2
AB + AC = 2 2 + 3 2 = 5 2 = BC
A,B and C are collinear.
2. Show that the points (1,5), ( -10,-17) , (-
7,9) are the vertices of right angled
triangle.
Solution : Let A = (1,5) ,
B = ( -10,-17) , C = ( -7,9)
AB = (1 + 10)2 + (5 + 17)2
= 121 + 484 = 605
BC =
(−10 + 7)2 + (−17 − 9)2
= 9 + 676 = 685
AC = (1 + 7)2 + (5 − 9)2
= 64 + 16 = 80
AB2 + AC2 = 605 + 80
= 685 = BC2
ABC is a right angled triangle right
angled at A.
3. Show that the points (3,4), ( 4,1) , (2,1)
are the vertices of an isoceles triangle.
Solution :
Let A (3,4) , B ( 4,1) , C(2,1)
AB = (3 − 4)2 + (4 − 1)2
= 1 + 9 = 10
BC = (4 − 2)2 + (1 − 1)2
= 4+0 =2
AC = (3 − 2)2 + (4 − 1)2
= 1 + 9 = 10
AB = AC
∴ ABC is an isosceles triangle
4. Show that the points (1,1), ( -1,-1) and (-
3, 3) are the vertices of an equilateral
triangle. Find its area.
Solution :
Let A (1,1) , B ( -1,-1) , C (- 3, 3)
AB = (1 + 1)2 + (1 + 1)2
= 4+4 = 8
BC = (−1 + 3)2 + (−1 − 3)2
= 4+4 = 8
AC = (1 + 3)2 + (1 − 3)2
= 4+4= 8
AB = AC = BC
∴ ABC is an equilateral triangle.
Area of equilateral triangle of side a =
3 2
a = 2 3 square units.
4
5. Show that the points (2,1), (4,3) , (2,5)
and ( 0,3) are the vertices of a square.
Solution : Let A = (2,1) , B = ( 4,3)
C = (2,5) , D = ( 0,3)
AB = (2 − 4)2 + (1 − 3)2
= 4+4 = 8
BC = (4 − 2)2 + (3 − 5)2
= 4+4 = 8
CD = (2 − 0)2 + (5 − 3)2
= 4+4= 8
AD = (2 − 0)2 + (1 − 3)2
= 4+4= 8
All the four sides are equal.
AC = (2 − 2)2 + (1 − 5)2
= 0 + 16 = 4
BD = (4 − 0)2 + (3 − 3)2
= 16 + 0 = 4
Hence all the sides are equal and the
diagonals are equal.
∴ ABCD is a square.
6. Show that the points (1,6), (-1,-2) , (4,1) ,
( -4,3) are the vertices of a rectangle.
Solution : Let A = (1,6), B = (-1,-2) ,
C = (4,1) , D = ( 4,3)
AB = (1 + 1)2 + (6 + 2)2
= 4 + 64 = 68
BC = (−1 − 4)2 + (−2 − 1)2
= 25 + 9 = 34
CD = (4 + 4)2 + (1 − 3)2
= 64 + 4 = 68
AD = (1 + 4)2 + (6 − 3)2
= 25 + 9 = 34
Opposite sides are equal.
AC = (1 − 4)2 + (6 − 1)2
= 9 + 25 = 34
BD = (−1 + 4)2 + (−2 − 3)2
= 9 + 25 = 34
The diagonals are equal.
∴ ABCD is a rectangle.
7. Show that the points(-3,1) , (-6,-7) (3,-9)
and (6,-1) form a parallelogram.
Solution: Let A = (-3,1) ,B = (-6,-7),
C = (3,-9) and D = (6,-1).
AB = (−3 + 6)2 + (1 + 7)2
= 9 + 64 = 73
BC = (−6 + 3)2 + (−7 + 9)2
= 81 + 4 = 85
CD = (3 − 6)2 + (−9 + 1)2
= 9 + 64 = 73
AD = (3 + 6)2 + (−1 − 1)2
= 81 + 4 = 85
AB = CD and BC = AD
∴ ABCD form a parallelogram.
8. Show that the points (3,-2),(7,6),(-1,2)
and (-5,-6) form a rhombus. Find its area.
Solution : Let A = (3,-2), B = (7,6),
C = (-1,2) and D =(-3,1)
AB = (3 − 7)2 + (−2 − 6)2
= 16 + 64 = 80
BC = (7 + 1)2 + (6 − 2)2
= 16 + 64 = 80
CD = (−5 + 1)2 + (−6 − 2)2
= 16 + 64 = 80
AD = (−5 − 3)2 + (−6 + 2)2
= 16 + 64 = 80
AC = (−1 − 3)2 + (2 + 2)2
= 16 + 16 = 32
BD = (−5 − 7)2 + (−6 − 6)2
= 144 + 144 = 288
AC ≠ BD
All the four sides of the
quadrilateral are equal and diagonals are
not equal.
∴ ABCD is a rhombus.
Area = ½ d1 d2 = ½ x 4 2 x 12 2
= 48 square units.
9. Find the abscissa of points whose
ordinate is 4 and which are at a distance
of 5 units from (7,8)?
Solution:Let A(x,4) , B(7,8)
AB = 5 ;
(𝑥 − 7)2 + (4 − 8)2 = 5
(𝑥 − 7)2 + (4 − 8)2 = 25
(𝑥 − 7)2 + 16 = 25
(𝑥 − 7)2 = 25 – 16 = 9
x - 7 = ±3
x -7 = 3 ⇒ x = 10
x -7 = -3 ⇒ x = 4
∴ Points are (10,4) and (4,4)
10. Prove that (4,3) is the centre of the circle
which passes through the points (1,7),
(7,-1) and (8,-6).
Solution : Let P = (4,3) A = (1,7)
B = (7,-1) C = (8,6)
PA = (4 − 1)2 + (3 − 7)2
= 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
PB = (4 − 7)2 + (3 + 1)2
= 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
PC = 4 − 8)2 + (3 − 6)2
= 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
PA = PB = PC
∴ P is centre of circle through A,B and C
11. Find the perimeter of the triangle formed
by the points (3,-1) (5,2) and ( -1,2).
Solution : Let A = (3,-1), B = (5,2) and
C = ( -1,2)
AB = (5 − 3)2 + (2 + 1)2
= 4 + 9 = 13
BC = (−1 − 5)2 + (2 − 2)2
= 36 + 0 = 36
CD = (−1 − 3)2 + (2 + 1)2
= 16 + 9 = 25
Perimeter of triangle ABC =
13 + 6 + 5
= 11 + 13
12. If the distance of the point (x,y) from the
point (1,2) and (-3,0) are equal show that
2x + y+1 = 0.
Solution : Let P = (x,y) , A = ( 1,2) ,
B = (-3,0)
PA = PB
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2
x2 – 2x +1 + y2- 4y + 4 = x2 + 6x + 9 +y2
-2x - 6x - 4y + 1 + 4 – 9 = 0
-8x - 4y – 4 = 0
2x – y +1 = 0
13. Find the ratio in which the point (-5,2)
divide the join of (-7,1) and ( 3,6).
Solution : Let P = (-5,2) A = (-7,1)
B = ( 3,6)
 Let the ratio be r: 1 ∴ Mid point of AC = Midpoint of BD
𝑚 𝑥 +𝑛𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 +𝑛𝑦 1+5 4+4 4+𝑥 7+𝑦
P = 𝑚2 +𝑛 1 , 𝑚2 +𝑛 1 , 2 = 2 , 2
2
𝑟 5 +1 2 𝑟 6 +1 −3 4+𝑥 7+𝑦
(-5,2) = , 3,4 = ,
𝑟+1 𝑟+1 2 2
3𝑟−7 6𝑟+1 4+𝑥
(-5,2) = 𝑟+1 , 𝑟 +1 ⟹ =3 ∴ x=2
2
3𝑟 − 7 7+𝑦
= −5 And =4 ∴y=1
2
𝑟+1 ∴ D = (2, 1)
3r – 7 = -5r - 5 17. Find the area of the quadrilateral whose
3 r + 5r = 7 - 5 vertices are (1,2), (6,2), (5,3) and (3,4).
8r = 2 Solution: Let A = (1,2), B = (6,2),
4r = 1 C = (5,3) and D = (3,4)
r=¼
since r is positive, P divides AB ∆ABC = 1 2[ 1(2-3) +6(3-2)+5(2-2)]
internally in the ratio 1:4 = 1 2[1(-1) + 6(1) +5(0)]
= 1 2[-1 + 6] = 5 2
14. Find the ratio in which the line segment
joining (2,-3) and (5,6) is divided by the x ∆ACD = 1 2[1(3-4)+5(4-2)+3(2-3)]
axis ? Find the coordinates of the point of = 1 2[1(-1) + 5(2) + 3(-1)]
= 1 2[-1 +10 -3]
division.
Solution : Let x axis divides the line
joining the points A(2,-3) B( 5,6) in the = 1 2[6] = 3
ratio r : 1 at P (x,0) Area of quadrilateral ABCD
𝑚𝑥 +𝑛𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 +𝑛𝑦
P = 𝑚2 +𝑛 1 , 𝑚2 +𝑛 1 = ∆ABC + ∆ACD
= 5 2+3
5𝑟+2 6𝑟−3 5+6
(x,0) = , 𝑟+1 =
𝑟+1 2
6𝑟 − 3
= 0 11
𝑟+1 = 2
sq. units
6r-3=0
6r=3 5 MARKS :
r = 1/2
since r is positive ,P divides AB 1. Find the coordinates of the
internally in the ratio 1:2. circumcentre of the triangle formed by
the points (-1,2), (3,0) and (-2,4).
15. The three vertices of a rhombus taken in Solution:
order are (2,-1), (3,4),(-2,3). Find the Let S(x,y) be the circumcentre of the
fourth vertex. ∆ABC formed by the vertices A(-1,2)
Solution: Let A = (2,-1), B = (3,4) B(3,0) and C (-2,4).
C = (-2,3) and D = (x,y) Then SA = SB = SC = circumradius.
Mid point of AC = Midpoint of BD ∴ SA2 = SB2 = SC2
2−2 −1+3 3+𝑥 4+𝑦
, 2 = 2 , 2 (x+1)2 + (y-2)2 = (x-3)2 + (y-0)2 =
2
3+𝑥 4+𝑦 (x+2)2 + (y-4)2
0, 1 = ,
2 2 x2 + y2 + 2x - 4y + 5 = x2 + y2 -6x + 9 =
3+𝑥
⟹ = 0 ∴ x = -3 x2 + y2 + 4x - 8y + 20
2
4+𝑦 i.e., 8x - 4y = 4 .......... (1)
And = 1 ∴ y = -2
2 and 2x - 4y = -15 ............(2)
∴ D = (-3, -2) subtracting (2) from (1),
6x = 19 , x = 19/6
16. If A(1,4), B(4,7) and C(5,4) are three From (2) y = 16/3
vertices of parallelogram ABCD in order, The circumcenter S is (19/6, 16/3).
then find the fourth vertex D.
Solution: Let D = (x,y) 2. An equilateral triangle has one vertex
Since ABCD is a parallelogram, the at the point (3,4) and another at the
diagonals AC and BD bisect each other.
 point (-2,3). Find the co-ordinates of Therefore required points are (3,6) &
the third vertex. (4,5)
Solution:
Let A(3,4) and B(-2,3) be the given 4. Find the length of the medians of
vertices of the equilateral ∆ABC. triangle with vertices (-3,6), (5,4) and
Let C be (x,y) (1,-2).
Since ∆ABC is equilateral, we have Solution: A(-3,6)
AB = BC = CA
Therefore, AB2 = BC2 = CA2
∴ (3+2)2 + (4-3)2 = (x+2)2 + (y-3)2 = F E
(x-3)2+(y-4)2
26 = x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y + 13 = x2 + y2 –
6x - 8y + 25
x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y + 13 = x2 + y2 - 6x – B(5,4) D C(1,-2)
8y + 25 ........(1)
x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y + 13 = 26 ........(2) D is the mid point of BC
From (1) we get 10x + 2y – 12 = 0
Or y = 6 - 5x 1+5 −2+4
substituting ‘y’ in (2) D= 2 , 2 = (3,1)
x2 + (6-5x)2 + 4x - 6(6-5x) + 13 = 26 A= (-3,6) D = (3,1)
or 26x2 - 26x – 13 = 0 Length of median AC =
or 2x2 – 2x – 1 = 0 (3 + 3)2 + (1 − 6)2 = 61
2± 4+8 1± 3
∴x= = E is the mid point of AC
2 2 −3+1 6−2
1+ 3 7−5 3 E= 2 , 2 = (-1,2)
if x = then y =
2 2
1− 3 7+5 3
B = (5,4) and E = (-1,2)
if x = 2 then y = 2 Length of median BE =
Hence the coordinates of the third (−1 − 5)2 + (2 − 4)2 = 40
vertex C are F is the mid point of AB
1+ 3 1+ 3 1+ 3 1+ 3 −3+5 6+4
( , ) 𝑜𝑟 ( , ) F= 2 , 2 = (1,5)
2 2 2 2
C = (1,-2) and F = (1,5)
3. Find the co-ordinates of a point which Length of median CF =
is at a distance of 5 units from the (1 − 1)2 + (5 + 2)2 = 49 = 7
point (7,9) and one unit from the point
(3,5).
5. Find the co-ordinates of the vertices of
Solution:
the triangle given the midpoints of the
Let A(7,9) and B(3,5) be the given
sides (4,-1), (7,9), (4,1).
points.
Solution:
Let P(x,y) be the required point.
Let A, B & C be the vertices of the
Given, PA = 5 and PB = 1
triangle and D, E & F be the mid
or
points of the sides BC, CA and AB
PA = 25 and PB2 = 1
2
respectively.
i.e. (x-7)2 + (y-9)2 = 25
Let A = (x1,y1) B = (x2,y2) and
⟹ x + y2 - 14x - 18y + 105 = 0.....(1)
2
C = (x3,y3)
And (x-3)2 + (y-5)2 = 1
⟹ x2 + y2 - 6x - 10y + 33 = 0 .......(2)
Subtracting, (2) from (1), we get
x + y = 9 or y = 9 – x ……..(3) A(x1,y1)
substituting ‘y’ in (2), we get
x2 - 7x + 12 = 0
i.e. (x-3)(x-4) = 0 F(4,11) E(7,9)
⟹ x = 3 or x = 4
Substituting for x in (3)
y = 6 or y = 5
 B(x2,y2) D(4,-1) C(x3,y3) Y axis divides AB externally in the
ratio 2 : 1
D = midpoint of BC Coordinates of point of division ( 0,13)
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦
(4,-1) = 2 2 3 , 2 2 3
STRAIGHT LINES
x2 + x3 = 8 ........(1)
y2 + y3 = -2 .........(2) 1MARK/2MARKS:
E = midpoint of CA 1. Find the slope of the line joining the
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦 points (3,2) and (-1,5).
(7,9) = 1 2 3 , 1 2 3
𝑦 −𝑦 5−2 3
x1 + x3 = 14 ........(3) Solution: m = 𝑥 2 −𝑥 1 = −1−3 = −4
2 1
y1 + y3 = 18 ........(4) 2. Find the slope of the line
F=midpoint of AB 3x + 4y – 7 =0.
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦
(4,11) = 2 2 1 , 2 2 1 −𝑎 −3
Solution: m = =
𝑏 4
x2 + x1 = 8 ........(5)
y2 + y1 = 22 .........(6) 3. Find the inclination of the line whose
Adding (1),(3),(5), slope is 1.
2(x1 + x2 + x3) = 30 Solution: Given m = 1
x1 +x2 + x3 = 15 ⟹ tanθ = 1
x2 + x1 = 8 and x1 + x2 + x3 = 15 ⟹ tan θ = tan 450
gives x3 = 7 ⟹ θ = 450
x1 + x3 =14 and x1 + x2 + x3 = 15
gives x2 = 1 4. Find the slope of the line whose
3𝜋
x2 + x3= 8 and x1 + x2 + x3 = 15 inclination is with positive direction
4
gives x1 = 7 of x-axis.
similarly y1 = 21 , y2 = 1 , y3 = 1 3𝜋
Thus A= ( 7,21), B = ( 1,1) and Solution: θ= = 1350
4
C = (7,-3) m = tan θ = tan 1350
= tan(180-45)
6. Find the ratio in which the coordinate
= - tan 450 = -1
axes ,divide the line joining the points
(2,5) and (1,9). Find also the 5. Find the intercepts made by the line
coordinates of the point of division. 3x + 4y -12 = 0 on the co-ordinate
Solution: axes.
The coordinates of the point dividing Solution: 3x + 4y – 12 = 0
the join of A ( 2,5) and B ( 1,9) in the ⟹ 3x + 4y = 12
ration k : 1 are 𝑥 𝑦
𝑘+2 9𝑘+5 ⟹ + =1
4 3
, ...........(1)
𝑘+1 𝑘+1 ⟹ x - intercept = 4
If the point lies on x axis then its y
y – intercept = 3
coordinate is 0.
9𝑘 + 5 6. If the line joining the points (6,4) and
=0 (8,k) makes an angle of 450 with the x-
𝑘+1
∴ K = -5/9 axis, find k.
x axis divides AB externally in the Solution:Given m = tan θ = tan 450 = 1
ratio 5 : 9 𝑘−4
m = 8−6
Substituting k = -5/9 in eqn (1) the
𝑘−4
co-ordinate of point of division is ⟹ 1= ⟹2=k–4
−5/9+2 2
,0 = ( 13/4 , 0 ) ⟹ k=6
−5/9+1
3
7. If the slope of line AB is 2 and the line
If the point lies on y axis then its x
coordinate is 0. CD is perpendicular to AB, then find
𝑘+2 the slope of CD.
=0 3
𝑘+1 Solution: Slope of AB = m1 = 2
∴ K = -2
Let slope of CD = m2
 Given AB ⊥ CD 0+1 1
Slope of CD = = 15 = m2
21−6
∴ m1 × m2 = -1 1
−1 −2 m1 × m2 = -15 × = -1
⟹ m2 = = 15
𝑚1 3 ∴ AB is perpendicular to CD
−2
∴ slope of CD = 3
8. Using slopes, prove that the points 13. If (3,a) lies on the line joining (1,-4)
(1,1),(-2,4) and (3,-1) are collinear. and (-2,5), find a.
Solution: Let A(1,1) B =(-2,4) Solution: Let P = (3,a), A = (1,-4) and
C = (3,-1) B = (-2,5)
4−1 3 Given P lies on line AB
Slope of AB = −2−1 = −3 = -1
−1−4 −5
∴ Slope of AP = Slope of AB
Slope of BC = = = -1 𝑎+4 5+4
3+2 5 ⟹ =
3−1 −2−1
Slope of AB = Slope of BC 𝑎+4 9
∴ A,B and C are collinear. ⟹ =
2 −3
𝑎+4
⟹ = -3
2
9. Find k if the lines 3x + 5y -19 = 0 and ⟹ a + 4 = -6
4x +ky -29 = 0 are parallel. ⟹ a = -10
−3 −4
Solution: m1 = , m2 = 14. Using the concept of slope, show that
5 𝑘
m1 = m2 (3,2), (0,4), (-4,-2) and (-1,-4) are the
−3 −4 vertices of a parallelogram.
∴ = ⟹ 3k = 20
5 𝑘
20 Solution: Let A = (3,2), B = (0,4),
⟹ k= C = (-4,-2) and D = (-1,-4)
3
4−2 2
Slope of AB = = −3
0−3
10. Find k if the lines 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 and −2−4 −6 3
x + ky = 3 are perpendicular. Slope of BC = −4−0 = −4 = 2
−2 2 −1 − 4+2 −2
Solution: m1 = = 3 , m2 = Slope of CD = =
−3 𝑘 −1+4 3
−4−2 −6 3
m1 × m2 = -1 Slope of AD = −1−3 = −4 = 2
2 −1
⟹ × = -1 Slope of AB = Slope of CD
3 𝑘
⟹ -2 = -3k And Slope of BC = Slope of AD
⟹ k=3
2 ⟹ AB is parallel to CD
And BC is parallel to AD
∴ A, B, C and D are vertices of a
11. Show that AB is parallel to CD given
parallelogram.
that A = (4,3), B = (9,4) C = (6,-4) and
D = (11,-3).
15. Using the concept of slope show that
Solution:
4−3 1 the points A(5,4), B(-6,2) and C(2,-2)
Slope of AB = =5 form a right angled triangle.
9−4
−3+4 1
Slope of CD = =5 Solution:
11−6
2−4 −2 2
Slope of AB = Slope of CD Slope of AB = −6−5 = −11 = 11
∴ AB is parallel to CD Slope of BC =
−2−2
=
−4
=
−1
= m1
2+6 8 2
−2−4 −6
12. Show that AB is perpendicular to CD Slope of AC = = −3 = 2 = m2
2−5
−1
given that A = (4,3), B = (5,-12), m1 × m2 = × 2 = -1
2
C = (6,-1) and D = (21,0). ⟹ BC is perpendicular to AC
Solution: ∴ A, B, C are vertices of a right
−12−3 −15
Slope of AB = = = -15 = m1 angled triangle.
5−4 1
16. Find the equation of the line parallel to 23. Find the equation of the line passing
x-axis and at a distance of +7 from it. through (3,-1) and perpendicular to the
Solution: y = 7 line joining (0,0) and (7,2).
Solution: 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 = ( 3,-1)
17. Find the equation of the line parallel to Let A = (0,0) and B = (7,2)
x-axis and passing through (3,-4). 2−0 2
slope of AB = 7−0 = 7
Solution: y = -4 −7
any line ⊥ AB has slope = =m
2
18. Find the equation of the line parallel to Form : y - 𝑦1 = m 𝑥 − 𝑥1
−7
y-axis and at a distance of 5units to the ∴ y +1 = (x –3)
2
left of it. ⟹ 2y + 2 = -7x + 21
Solution: x = -5 ⟹ 7x +2y -19 = 0

19. Find the equation of the line parallel to 24. Find the equation of the line joining
y-axis and passing through (-8,6). the points (0,-3) and (5,0).
Solution: x = -8 Solution: 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 = ( 0,3)
𝑥2 , 𝑦2 = ( 5,0)
20. Find the equation of the line passing 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑦 −𝑦
Form: = 2 1
through (4,3) and with slope 2. 𝑥− 𝑥 1 𝑥 2 −𝑥 1
𝑦 −3 0−3
Solution: m = 2 , 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 = ( 4,3) 𝑥−0
= 5−0
Form : y - 𝑦1 = m 𝑥 − 𝑥1 ⟹
𝑦 −3
=5
3
𝑥
∴ y – 3 = 2(x – 4)
⟹ 5y – 15 = 3x
⟹ y – 3 = 2x – 8
⟹ 3x – 5y + 15 = 0
⟹ 2x – y - 5 = 0
25. Find the equation of the line which has
x-intercept =3 and y-intercept = 5.
21. Find the equation of the line passing
Solution: x-intercept = a = 3
through (3,5) and making an angle 450
y-intercept = b = 5
with the positive direction of x-axis. 𝑥 𝑦
Solution: θ = 450 Form: 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1
𝑥 𝑦
∴ m = tan θ tan 450 = 1 3
+5=1
𝑥1 , 𝑦1 = ( 3,5) ⟹ 5x + 3y = 15
Form : y - 𝑦1 = m 𝑥 − 𝑥1 26. Find the equation of the line whose
∴ y – 5 =1(x – 3) 2
slope is 3 and y-intercept is 4.
1

⟹ y–5=x–3 2
⟹ x – y + 2= 0 Solution: slope = m = 3
1
y-intercept = c = 4
22. Find the equation of the line passing Form: y = mx + c
through (1,2) and parallel to the line 2 1
y = 3x +4
joining (3,1) and (4,-5).
Solution: 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 = ( 1,2) ⟹ 12 y = 8x + 3
Let A = (3,1) and B = (4,-5) ⟹ 8x – 12y + 3 = 0
−5−1 −6 27. Find the equation of the passing
m = slope of AB = = = -6
4−3 1 through (3,4) and making equal
Form : y - 𝑦1 = m 𝑥 − 𝑥1 intercepts on the co-ordinate axes.
∴ y – 2 = -6(x –1) 𝑥 𝑦
Solution: Form: 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1
⟹ y – 2 = -6x +6
⟹ 6x + y - 8 = 0 Given a = b
∴ x + y = a …….(1)
It passes through (3,4)
 put x = 3 and y = 4 in (1) 61+𝑘
⟹ =±4
17
3 +4 = a ⟹ a = 7 = b
⟹ 61 + k = ± 68
∴ x+y=7
∴ 61 + k = 68 ⟹ k = 7
and 61 + k = -68 ⟹ k = -129
28. Find the equation of the passing
32. Find the distance between the parallel
through (5,7) and making intercepts on
lines x + 2y + 3 = 0 and x +2y – 7 = 0.
the co-ordinate axes which are equal in 𝑐 2 − 𝑐1
magnitude but opposite in sign. Solution: d =
𝑎 2 +𝑏 2
𝑥 𝑦 −7− 3
Solution: Form: 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 = 1+4
Given b = -a −10 10
= =
∴ x - y = a …….(1) 5 5
33. Find the distance between the parallel
It passes through (5,7)
lines x + 7y - 3 = 0 and
put x =5 and y = 7 in (1)
2x +14y – 7 = 0.
5 - 7 = a ⟹ a = -2, b = 2
Solution: x + 7y – 3 = 0
∴ x - y = -2
⟹ 2x + 14y – 6 = 0
⟹ x–y+2=0 𝑐2 − 𝑐1
29. Find the equation of the passing d=
𝑎 2 +𝑏 2
through (2,3) and making intercepts on −7−(−6
=
4+196
the co-ordinate axes in the ratio 1: 4. −1 1
𝑥 𝑦 = =
Solution: Form: 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 200 200

Given a: b = 1 : 4
𝑎 1 34. Show that the straight lines 2x -3y = 7,
⟹ 𝑏 = 4 ⟹ b = 4a
𝑥 𝑦
3x – 4y = 13, 8x – 11y = 33 are
+ 4𝑎 = 1 concurrent. Also find the point of
𝑎
∴ 4x + y = 4a …….(1) concurrency.
It passes through (2,3) Solution: 2x – 3y = 7 ……..(1)
put x = 2 and y = 3 in (1) 3x – 4y = 13 …….(2)
11 8x – 11y = 33 …….(3)
4(2) +3 = 4a ⟹ a = , b = 11
4
Solving (1) and (2) we get
∴ 4x + y = 11
x = 11 and y = 5
⟹ 4x + y - 11 = 0
put x = 11 and y = 5 in LHS of (3)
30. Find the length of the perpendicular
LHS of (3) = 8(11) – 11(5)
drawn from the point (3,-2) on the line
= 88 – 55
5x + 12y + 3 = 0.
𝑎𝑥 1 +𝑏𝑦 1 +𝑐
= 33
Solution: d = = RHS of (3).
𝑎 2 +𝑏 2
5 3 + 12 −2 + 3 35. Find the value of k if the lines
= 25+144
15−24+3 6
2x +3y -5 = 0, 3x + 4y – 7 = 0 and
= = 13 5x +8y + k = 0 are concurrent. Find the
169
31. Find k so that the distance from (2,3) point of concurrency.
to the line 8x +15y + k = 0 may be Solution: 2x – 3y – 5 = 0 ……..(1)
equal to 4 units. 3x + 4y - 7 = 0 …….(2)
𝑎𝑥 1 +𝑏𝑦 1 +𝑐 5x + 8y + k = 0 …….(3)
Solution: d =
𝑎 2 +𝑏 2
8 2 + 15 3 + 𝑘
Solving (1) and (2) we get
4= x = 1 and y = 1
64+225
16+45+𝑘 put x = 1 and y = 1 in (3)
4= 289
61+𝑘
∴ 5(1) + 8(1) + k = 0
4= ⟹ k = -13
17
36. Find the equation of the median of the 2. Find the equation of the line through
triangle whose vertices are A(-1,8), the point of intersection 2x – 5y = 1
B(4,-2) and C(-5,-3) drawn from the and 3x – 2y = 8 and parallel to the line
vertex A. 2x + y = 3.
Solution: Solution: 2x – 5y = 1 ……..(1)
4−5 −2−3 3x – 2y = 8 …….(2)
Mid-point of BC = D = ,
2 2
−1 −5
2x + y = 3 …….(3)
= , Solving (1) and (2) we get
2 2
A = (-1,8) 38 13
x= and y =
11 11
∴ Equation of median AD is 38 13
𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑦 −𝑦 ∴ 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 = , 11
= 𝑥 2 −𝑥 1 11
𝑥− 𝑥 1 2 1
−5 −8
Slope of line (3) = -2
𝑦 −8 2
𝑥+1
= −1 ∴ Slope of required line = m = -2
2+ 1
𝑦 −8 −21 Form : y - 𝑦1 = m 𝑥 − 𝑥1
⟹ = 1 2 13 38
𝑥+1 2 ∴ y– = -2 𝑥 –
11 11
𝑦 −8 −21
⟹ = ⟹ 11y – 13 = -2x + 76
𝑥+1 1
⟹ y – 8 = -21x -21 ⟹ 2 x +11 y – 89 = 0
⟹ 21x + y +13 = 0 3. Find the equation of the line through
37. Find the equation of the altitude of the the point of intersection x – 8y + 11= 0
triangle whose vertices A(2,5), B(4,7) and 4x – 7y + 8 = 0 and perpendicular
and C(1,5) drawn from the vertex A. to the line 3x +2y +5 = 0.
𝑦 −𝑦
Solution: slope of BC = 𝑥 2 −𝑥 1 = 4−1
7−5 Solution: x – 8y + 11= 0 ……..(1)
2 1 4x – 7y + 8 = 0 …….(2)
2
= 3x +2y +5 = 0 …….(3)
3
Altitude AD ⊥ BC Solving (1) and (2) we get
−3 53 41
∴ slope of AD = m = x = 25 and y = 25
2
∴ Equation of AD is 53 41
∴ 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 = , 25
25
Form : y - 𝑦1 = m 𝑥 − 𝑥1 −3
−3 Slope of line (3) =
∴ y–5= (x – 2) 2
2 2
∴ Slope of required line = m =
⟹ 2y – 10 = -3x + 6 3
⟹ 3x +2y -16 = 0 Form : y - 𝑦1 = m 𝑥 − 𝑥1
41 2 53
3 MARKS: ∴ y– =3 𝑥–
25 25
⟹ 3( 25y – 41) = 50x - 106
1. If the line x – y + 2 = 0 cuts the x and y ⟹ 50x - 75y + 17 = 0
axes at P and Q respectively, find the 5 MARKS:
area of the triangle OPQ.
Solution: Put y = 0 ∴ x = -2 1. Find the equation of a straight line passing
∴ A = (-2,0) through the point (3,4) such that the sum
Put x = 0 ∴ y = 2 of its intercepts on the axes is 14.
∴ B = (0, 2) Solution: Let the x and y intercept of the
The line cuts the x-axis at A(-2,0) and line be a and b respectively so that
B(0,2) a+b=14 or b=14-a. Thus the equation
∴ Area of Δ AOB = 1 2×OA×OB of the line in the intercept form is
𝑥 𝑦
= 1 2×2×2 + =1
𝑎 14 − 𝑎
= 2 sq.units. But it passes through (3,4),
 3 4 ∴ 7x + 4y – 9 = 0 ------(1)
∴ + 14−𝑎 = 1,
𝑎
is perpendicular to 4x - 7y + 32 = 0 --(2).
3(14-a) + 4a = a(14-a)
Now the foot M is the point of
i.e. 𝑎2 − 13𝑎 + 42 = 0
intersection of (1) and (2).
i.e. (a-6)(a-7)=0
solving (1) and (2), we get
i.e. a = 6 or a = 7
x = -1 and y = 4.
If a = 6 then b = 8 ; If a = 7 then b = 7.
Therefore the foot M is (-1,4).
Therefore equation of the line is
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
+ = 1 or + =1
6 8 7 7 4. Find the coordinates of the reflection of
i.e. 4x + 3y – 24 = 0 or x + y – 7 = 0. the point (1,2) about the line 3x+4y – 1= 0.
Solution: Let P(1,2) be the given point and
2. A straight line passing through the point 3x + 4y – 1 = 0 be the given line. Draw
(-4,7) and the portion of the line PM perpendicular to the given line and
intercepted between the axes is divided at produce it to P such that PM=MP’. Then
this point in the ratio 3:2. Find the M is the foot and P’ is the reflection of the
equation of the line. point P. Also M is the mid point of PP’,
Solution: Let the equation of the line be, and PP’ is perpendicular to the given line.
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
𝑎 𝑏
Then it meets the axes at the point A(a,0) P(1,2)
and B(0,b). The coordinates of the point
which divides the line AB in the ratio 3:2
are
2𝑎+3(0) 2 0 +3𝑏 2𝑎 3𝑏
, = , = (-4,7)
2+3 2+3 5 5 M 3x + 4y – 1 = 0
⟹ 2𝑎 5 = - 4 and 3𝑏 5 = 7
⟹ a = -10 and b = 35 3
𝑥 𝑦
∴ Equation of line is −10 + 35/3 = 1
P’ (a,b)
3. Find the coordinate of the foot of the
perpendicular from the point (3,-3) on the Let P’=(a,b).
line 4x - 7y + 32 = 0. Any line perpendicular to 3x + 4y - 1= 0
Solution: Let P = (3,-3). Draw PM is 4x - 3y + k = 0.
perpendicular to the line 4x - 7y + 25 = 0. But this perpendicular line passes
Then M is the required foot. through P(1,2)
∴ 4(1) - 3(2) + k = 0
P
⟹ k=2
∴ 4x - 3y + 2 = 0 ------(1)
is perpendicular to 3x + 4y - 1 = 0 --(2).
M Now the M is the point of intersection of
(1) and (2).
To find M we now find the equation to the
solving (1) and (2), we get
line through P perpendicular to 4x - 7y + −1 2
32 = 0. x= and y =
5 5
Any line perpendicular to 4x - 7y + 32 = 0 −1 2
∴ M= ,5
5
is of the form 7x + 4y + k = 0.
But M is midpoint of PP’
Since this perpendicular line passes −1 2 𝑎+1 𝑏+2
through P(3,-3), we have ∴ , = ,
5 5 2 2
𝑎+1 −1 𝑏+2 2
7(3) + 4(-3) + k = 0 ⟹ = , =5
2 5 2
⟹ k = -9
⟹ a = −7 5 and b = −6 5
∴ P’ = −7 5 , −6 5