Learning Objectives • Analyse electrical circuits associated with solid state power conversion equipment • Apply power semiconductors to the control of large currents • AC/DC, AC/AC, DC/DC & DC/AC conversion • DC and AC induction motor drives What is Power Electronics? • Power electronics deals with the use of electronics for the control of high power levels Power Electronics Systems • Where are they used? • DC and AC regulated power supplies • Electro chemical processes • Heating and lighting control • Electronic welding • Power line Volt-Ampere Reactive (VAR) and harmonic compensation • High Voltage DC Systems • Photo voltaic and fuel cell conversion • Variable speed constant frequency systems • Solid state circuit breakers • Induction heating • Motor drives Power Semiconductor Device Evolution • Diode • Transistor (1948) • Thyristor (1956) • Triac • Gate Turn Off Thyristor (GTO) 1960s • Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) • Power MOSFET • Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) • Static Induction Transistor (SIT) • Static Induction Thyristor (SITH) • MOS-Controlled Thyristor (MCT) Power Semiconductor Families • Diodes • Diode • Zener Diodes • DIACs • Thyristors • Thyristor • Triac • Gate Turn Off Thyristor (GTO) • Static Induction Thyristor (SITH) • MOS-Controlled Thyristor (MCT) • Transistors • Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) • Power MOSFET • Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) • Static Induction Transistor (SIT) Device Symbols • The following device types are supported by MULTISIM Diodes • Diodes • Diode • Zener Diodes • DIACs • Diodes are 2 terminal devices that are neither latched on or held on by a 3rd terminal Diode Characteristics • 2 terminals – anode and cathode • Ratings up to 6000 V, 7500 A • Conducts in forward direction • Forward voltage drop typically 0.7 V (0.5 to 1.2 V) Zener Diode • A Zener diode allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode • Also permits current flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above the zener voltage. Transistors • Transistors • Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) • Power MOSFET • Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) • Static Induction Transistor (SIT) • Transistors are 3 terminal devices that are held (rather than latched) on or off Power Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) • Collector current amplifies base current. • Continuous control of collector current. • Can be switched on and off at will. • Limited in voltage and current ratings. • Forward voltage drop 0.5 to 1.5 V • Applications • Power converters below 10 kHz Darlington Transistor Pair • Cascade of 2 transistors • Provides higher current gain • Higher Vce saturation voltage leads to lower efficiency.