CLASS:-XII

Physics project
NOT GATE

Submitted to:
Acknowledgment
I am grateful to Almighty for giving me the
strength to successfully conduct my experiment
and for sustaining my efforts which many a times
did oscillate. I am deeply indebted to Ms. Rani
Ma’am, our physics faculty without whose
constructive guidance this project/venture would
not have been a success.

Her valuable advice and suggestions for the

corrections, modifications and improvement did
enhance the perfection in performing my job well.
I am obliged to Ms. Jyoti our principal for
providing the best of facilities and environment to
bring out our innovation and spirit of inquiry
through this venture.

Last but not the least I thank all My Friends and

Batch Mates, without their prompt support my
efforts would have been in vain.
 INTRODUCTION
A gate is defined as a digital circuit which follows
some logical relationship between the input and
output voltages. It is a digital circuit which either
allows a signal to pass through as stop, it is called
a gate.

The Logic Gates are building blocks at digital

electronics. They are used in digital electronics to
change on voltage level (input voltage) into
another (output voltage) according to some logical
statement relating them.

A logic gate may have one or more inputs, but it

has only one output. The relationship between the
possible values of input and output voltage is
expressed in the form of a table called truth table.

A NOT gate, often called an inverter, is a nice

digital logic gate to start with because it has
only a single input with simple behavior.
A NOT gate performs logical negation on its
input. In other words, if the input is true, then
the output will be false.
 THE NOT GATE
Aim
To Design and stimulate the NOT Gate Circuit
Theory and Construction
An NOT gate cannot be realize by using Diodes, However an
electronic circuit of NOT Gate can be realized by making
use of a n-p-n transistor as shown in the figure. The base
B of the input A through a resistance R, and the emitter E
is earthed. The collector is connected to 5V battery. The
output Y is voltage at C w.r.t earth.

.
Truth Table
Input A Output Y

0 1

1 0
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 NCERT PHYSICS CLASS 12
 PHYSICS LAB MANUAL
 INTERNET
 www.google.com
 LIBRARY
 HELP FROM TEACHER
 ENCYCLOPEDIAS
 CONSTRUCTION
 The NOT GATE is a device that inverts the
inputs. The NOT is a one input and one output.
The logic gate of NOT gate with A and Y output
is shown as below:

X’=Y

As of circuit diagram an inverter gate has one

output for one input. As by the truth table, the
output of NOT gate will be high when the input
is low. The output of NOT gate should be low
when the input is high. So the NOT gate
provides output which is inverted logic of
input.

In this NOT gate circuit we are going to pull

down both input of a gate to ground through a
resistor. And then the input is connected to
power through a button.
So when the button is pressed the
corresponding pin of gate goes high. So with
this button we can realize the truth table of
NOT gate. When the button is pressed the
input will go high, with this the output will go
low and so the LED should be off. When the
button is released the input will go LOW, with
this the OUTPUT will go HIGH and so the
LED should be ON.

These pull down resistor are necessary as the

chosen CHIP is a positive edge triggering
one. If the resistor is ignored the circuit might
generate unpredictable results.

The capacitor is for neutralizing the bouncing

effect of button. Although the capacitor is not
compulsory, putting them might smooth the
working of NOT gate.
Uses of Not Gate
To build any sort of non-trivial digital device,
you must have NOT gates, or inverters. Any
digital circuit can be constructed of just NOT
and AND gates (i.e. NAND gates), or NOT and
OR gates (NOR gates).
But you cannot use just AND or OR gates by
themselves, without NOT gates, because any
non-trivial digital circuit will require the
inversion of some signals and you can’t do
that with just AND or OR gates.
So every digital device that you have — smart
phone, tablet, personal computer, etc. has
millions or billions of transistors acting as
inverters or NOT gates.