AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES

( AIRCRAFT MAITAINNANCE ENGINEERING ) I B.Tech II Semester

UNIT I

1. A). List the various structural components of a conventional aircraft with a neat sketch. S
B). Explain the function of any eight parts of an aircraft.
2. A). How the suitable material is selected for any structural member?. G
B). Classify the engineering materials .
3. A). what are the prosperities of wood which makes it suitable to use in aircraft manufacturing?
M
B). what are the major drawbacks of the wood?.
4. A). Why Aluminum is used much in air craft structures ? M
B). List the typical components in an air craft that are likely to be made from Aluminum.
5. Explain the following mechanical properties . M
A). Strength
B). Stiffness
C). Toughness
D). Ductility
E). Plasticity
F). Malleability
6. Explain the following mechanical properties. D
A). Resilience
B). Creep
C).Fatigue
D). Endurance limit
E). Hardness
F). Brittleness
7. A). What are the airworthiness requirements ? D
B). Give the structural classification of an aircraft?
8. A). Explain the process of bending, shear and torsion M
B). What are the structural members of the aircraft are subjected to the bending, shear and
Torsion ? Give the possible sketches
9. A). What are the characteristics of the “ ELA 1 aircraft “ and “ LSA Aircraft “ S
B). What are the airworthiness requirements for structural rigidity
10. A). What are the major stresses supposed to develop in aircraft structures M
B). What are the structural members in aircraft subjected to tension and compression .? Explain
11. What is zoning in aircraft ? Explain any eight major zones in aircraft M
12. A).Explain the following loads which will act on aircraft D
i). Aerodynamics
 II). Propulsion
III) Inertial
iv ) Pressurization load
B).Explain any four modes of the structural failure
13. A).Explain the following loads which will act on aircraft D
i). Atmospheric load
II). Landing Load
III) Ground man oeuvre load
iv ) Abnormal occurrences
B).Explain the failure modes , Hoop stress, Corrosion, Fatigue and Torsion
14. A). Explain the load factor and factor of safety. S
B). Explain the limit load and ultimate load.
15. A). What are the measures to be taken to minimize the variations in structural strength ? M
B). Explain the Fatigue with the S-n Curve.
16. A). Explain the fail safe and safe life structures . S
B).Explain the Damage tolerance.

UNIT II
1. A). Differentiate the bolt, screw, nut and thread. G
B).What are the temporary fasteners? Explain..
2. Sketch and describe any eight MS Standard screws . M
3. A). Explain the following with the neat sketch. M
i). Square Thread ii) Butters Thread
B). Explain the following with the neat sketch.
i). Knuckle Thread ii) American Thread
4. A). Explain the nomenclature of the thread with neat sketch. S
B).What are the advantages of the screwed fasteners ?
5. A). Explain the following with the neat sketch. M
i). Hexagonal Bolt ii) Square headed bolt
B). Explain the following with the neat sketch
i). Cylindrical bolt ii) T – Headed bolt
6. A).Explain the single and multi start threads . M
B).What are the advantages and disadvantages of the single and multi start threads
7. A). Explain the following with the neat sketch. D
i). ACME Thread ii) BA Thread
B). Explain the following with the neat sketch.
i). BSW Thread ii) Square Thread
8. A). Explain various loads acting on the screw threads S
B).Explain the Mechanical Advantage and Velocity Ratio.
 9. Sketch and describe any eight NAS Standard screws . M
10. A). Explain the following with the neat sketch. M
i). Eye bolt ii) Chese Headed Bolt
B). Explain the following with the neat sketch.
i). Stud ii) Dowel screw
11. Explain the following with neat sketches and applications . D
A). Self Tapping Screws
B). Anchor bolts
C).Sheet metal Screws
D). set Screws.
12. Sketch and describe any eight AN Standard screws. M
13. Explain any four screw measurement technique M
14. A). What are the different standards in bolt designation ? List the bolts comes under that
category D
B).Explain the standard designation bolt.

UNIT III
1. A). what is the importance of the locking devices? List any eight locking devices M
B). Explain any three locking devices with neat sketch.
2. A). Explain the following with the neat sketch. D
i). Split Nut
ii) Lock Washer
iii) Lock Nut
B). Explain the different types of the stresses which are supposed to develop in nut assembly
3. A). Explain the Designation of the nut M
B).What are the functions of the locking devices ?
4. A). Explain different types of Lock washers M
B). Explain the self locking nut
5. A). Explain the following with neat sketch and applications M
i). Swan Nut
ii). Lock Plate
B). Explain the following with neat sketch and applications
i). Castle Nut
ii). Circlips
6. A). Classify and explain the Threads based on the fineness S
B). Classify and explain the Threads based on the fit
7. Explain the following keys with neat sketches M
i). Rectangular Sunk Key
ii). Square Sunk Key
 iii). Parallel Sunk Key
iv). Gib Head Key
v). Feather Key
8. A). Explain the Saddle Key with applications. M
B). Explain the splines with neat sketch and applications
9. A). What is a Cotter ? What are the different types of cotters M
B). Explain spigot and cotter joint

UNIT IV
1. A). What are the advantages of the riveted joints ? E
B). What are the different materials used for rivets ?
2. A). Explain the riveting procedure ? G
B). What are the parameters to be considered in selection of the rivets ?Give the examples
3. A). Explain the solid shank rivets ? M
B). What are the different head styles of the solid shank rivets ?Sketch them and explain.
4. Explain the following Grades of the solid shank rivets D
i). 1100
ii). 2117 T
iii). 2017 T and 2024 T
iv). 5056
5. Explain the following Rivets with neat sketch and applications ? M
i). Round Head
ii). Flat Head
iii). Brazier Head
6. Explain the following Rivets with neat sketch and applications ? M
i). Universal rivet
ii). Counter Sunk Rivets
iii). Brazier Head
7. A). How the Rivets are identified ? Explain M
B). What is the standard designation of the Rivets ?
8. A). What is the blind Rivet ? What is it’s importance ? D
B).How the blind rivets are manufactured ? why These are the special rivets ?
9. A). Explain the Non structural self-plugging friction lock blind rivet D
B). Explain the Non structural pull through blind rivet
10. A). Explain the structural self-plugging mechanical lock blind rivet D
B). Explain the structural Flush- Fracturing blind rivet
11. A). What is the selection procedure of self- plugging rivet E
B). What is the selection procedure of Pull through rivet
12. Explain the following designation of the blind rivet with an example M
a). Huck manufacturing
 b). Military Standards
13. Explain the following Rivets with neat sketch and applications ? M
i). Pin Rivets
ii). Taper loc fasteners
iii). Hi-tigue fasteners
14. Explain the following Rivets with neat sketch and applications ? M
i). Capitive fasteners
ii). Turn Loc fasteners
iii). Dzus fasteners
15. Explain the following Rivets with neat sketch and applications ? M
i). Air lock fasteners
ii). Cam loc fasteners
iii). Pin rivets
16. A). What are the different head styles of the Cherry loc rivets ? D
B). Explain the installation process of bubbled cherry loc rivet.
17. Explain the following with neat sketch and applications ? M
i). Wire draw Cherry loc rivets
ii). Deutsch rivet
iii). Rivnuts

UNIT V
1. A). What are the functions and requirements of the control cables E
B). Explain the following
i). Wire center
ii).Core
iii). IWRC ( independent wire rope centre )
2. A). Explain the Type I , Composition A type flexible cables M
B). Explain the Type I , Composition B type flexible cables
3. Explain the flexible Nylon coated cables M
4. A).Explain the type I ( 1 X 7 ) non-flexible cable M
B). Explain the type I ( 1 X 19 ) non-flexible cable
5. Explain the replacement procedure of the control cables E
6. Explain the following regarding the swaging
A). Swaging terminal M
B).Splicing
7. Explain the following regarding the swaging
A). Swaged ball terminal M
B).cable slippage in terminal
8. Explain the following
A). Nicopress process M
 B).Stop sleeve
9. Explain the following
A). Thimble eye splice M
B). Lap Splice
10. Explain the following regarding the cable inspection D

i). 100 hr cable inspection

ii). Critical Fatigue
iii) A swaged – on fitting
iv). Kinking of the cable
11. Explain the following regarding the cable inspection D
i). External wear
ii). Internal wear
iii) conducive areas
iv).Swaged terminals
12. Explain the following M
i). Cable system malfunction
ii). Pulleys
iii) Pressure Seals
iv).Fair - leads
13. Explain the Corrosion and Rust prevention methods of control cables M
14. A).Explain the wire Splice M
B).What are the considerations in the cable tension adjustment ?
15. A). What is the Turn Buckle? How these are identified M
B). Explain the construction of the turn buckle construction with a neat sketch.
16. A). Explain the double wrap safety method of Turnbuckle M
B). Explain the Single wrap safety method of Turnbuckle
17. Explain the following M
A).Safety – wire secured Turn Buckle
B).Securing Clip- Locking Turn Buckle
18. What is the function of a pulley? List and explain the types of pulley failures M

UNIT VI
1. A).What are the different types of the electrical wires E
B).What are the characteristics of the wires
2. Explain the following types of the connectors M
i). Circular
ii). Rectangular
iii). Splices
 3. Explain the following types of the contact retention methods M
i). Friction/ interface lock
ii). Contact lock
iii). Insert lock
4. A).Explain the front release mechanism in connectors D
B). Explain the Rear release mechanism in connectors
5. A).Explain the identification of the electrical connectors M
B). Explain the connector repair procedure
6. Explain the following circular connector contacts D
i). MIL-C-5015
ii). MIL-C-22992
iii). MIL-C-26482
iv).NAS 1599
v). MIL-C-81511
7. A).Explain the coaxial connectors M
B).What are the various standards for the Terminals, Splices and End Caps
8. A).What is Crimping ? Explain the crimp tools M
B).Explain the insertion and removal tools.
9. What are the factors which influences the current carrying capacity ? Explain M

UNIT VII
1. A). Explain the Truss type fuselage M
B). Explain different types of the wooden spars
2. A). Explain the Monocoque type fuselage D
B). Explain the primary wing flight ( Ailerons) surface

3. A). Explain different types of the metal spars M

B). Explain the Semi-M0n0c0que type fuselage
4. A). What are the different types of the fuselage stations ? Explain D
B). Explain the following
i). Plain Flap
ii). Split Flap
iii). Fowler Flap
5. Explain the structural details of the Rib with the neat sketch. M
6. A). Explain the Skin and Fairing E
B). Briefly explain the Landing gear
7. Explain the following fundamental designs of the wing structure M
i). Mono Spar
ii). Multi Spar and
 iii) Box spar
8. A). Explain the following types of the Ribs. M
i). Truss type
ii). Light play wood type
iii). Play wood type
9. A). Explain the following. M
i). Formers
ii). Stringers.
iii). Longerons
iv). Bulk heads
10. A). Explain the following in brief E
i). Pods ii). Cowling
B). Explain the following in brief
i). Access doors and ii). Inspection doors
11. A). Explain the following auxiliary wing flight surfaces E
i). Flap ii).Leading Edge iii). Trailing Edge
iv). Spoilers and v). Speed brakes
12. A). What is the importance of the painting ?.Explain the primer, Enamel and Varnish M
B). What are the methods of the painting ?. Explain
13. What are the painting troubles ? Explain E
14. A). What is corrosion ?. Explain the factors affecting the corrosion M
B). Explain the What is the preventive maintenance of corrosion ? Explain
15. Explain briefly about the following corrosion prone areas. M
i). Exhaust trail areas.
ii). Battery compartments.
iii). Bilge areas.
Iv). Wheel and landing gear
16. A). Explain the treatment of the unpainted Aluminum surface M
B). Explain the treatment of the Anodized surface.
17. A). Explain the following surface preparation techniques in the view of control of the
corrosion M
i). Chemical Cleaning. Iv). Polishing
ii). Electro cleaning. V). Buffing and
iii). Blast cleaning vi) Coloring
18. A). Explain the interior cleaning of the air craft. M
B). Explain the exterior cleaning of the air craft.
19. A). What are the mechanical cleaning materials used in aircraft cleaning ?.
B). Explain the Power plant cleaning of the Aircraft
UNIT VIII

1. A).What is the importance of the “ Grounding “ in Aircraft?. Explain. M

B). Explain the ventilation provisions in the aircraft
2. A). Explain the drain System in the aircraft D
B). Explain the Stud bonding
3. Explain the Following M
i). Types of grounding.
ii). Heavy current grounding.
iii).Current return paths.
iv).Current return paths for internally grounded parts
4. Explain the following in detail. M
i). Equipment bonding.
ii). Metallic Surface bonding.
iii) Static bonding
5. Explain the inspection procedures and areas in bonding M
6. A). Explain the Plate nut bonding E
B). Explain the Explain the common grounding connections.
7. A). Explain the importance of the lightning protection bonding D
B). Explain the control surface lightning protection and control cable lightning protection
8. A). Explain the Bolt and Nut bonding M
B). Explain the Electric Shock Prevention bonding.
9. Explain the methods of alignment and symmetric checks in aircraft maintenance M