Lathe Machine

A lather is a machine that rotates the piece on the axis in order to perform various
Operation like Knurling, facing, cutting, deformation and more. Metal Spinning, thermal
spraying, woodturning and metal works are the common operations performed with a
lathe machine.

Parts of the Lathe Machine

Bed
It is the main body of the machine. All main components are bolted on it. It is usually
made by cast iron due to its high compressive strength and high lubrication quality. It is
made by casting process and bolted on floor space.
Tool post
It is bolted on the carriage. It is used to hold the tool at correct position. Tool holder
mounted on it.
Chuck
Chuck is used to hold the workspace. It is bolted on the spindle which rotates the chuck
and work piece. It is four jaws and three jaws according to the requirement of machine.
Head stock
Head stock is the main body parts which are placed at left side of bed. It is served as
holding device for the gear chain, spindle, driving pulley etc. It is also made by cast iron.
Tail stock
Tail stock situated on bed. It is placed at right hand side of the bed. The main function of
tail stock to support the job when required. It is also used to perform drilling operation.
Lead screw
Lead screw is situated at the bottom side of bed which is used to move the carriage
automatically during thread cutting.
Legs
Legs are used to carry all the loads of the machine. They are bolted on the floor which
prevents vibration.
Carriage

It is situated between the head stock and tail stock. It is used to hold and move the tool
post on the bed vertically and horizontally. Carriage is made by cast iron.
12. Speed controller
speed controller switch is situated on head stock which controls the speed of spindle.
13. Spindle
It is the main part of lathe which holds and rotates the chuck.

Some Important Operations of Lathe Machine

Turning
Turning is a lathe operation in which the cutting tool reduces the diameter of round work
piece.
Facing
Facing is a lathe operation in which the cutting tool removes metal from the end of the
work piece.
Grooving
Grooving is operation in which we make grooves or slots in a work piece.
Drilling
Drilling is operation in which we make hole or cavity in a work piece.
Boring
Boring is an operation to enlarge and finish holes accurately.

Shaper Machine
It is commonly used to produce flat surface, grooves, slots etc. The work piece is hold
by a adjustable tool post in shaper machine. A single point cutting tool is in reciprocating
motion rub the work piece d cut unwanted metal from it in form of chips.
Base
It is the main body of the machine. It consists all element of machine. It works as pillar
for other parts. Base is made by cast iron which can take all compressive loads.
Ram
It is the main part of the shaper machine. It holds the tool and provides the reciprocating
motion to it. It is made by cast iron and move over ways on column. It is attached by the
rocker arm which provide it motion in crank driven machine and if the machine is
hydraulic driven it is attached by hydraulic housing.
Tool head
It is situated at the front of the ram. Its main function is to hold the cutting tool. The tool
can be adjusted on it by some of clamps.
Table
It is the metal body attached over the frame. Its main function is to hold the work piece
and vice over it. It has two T slots which used to clamp vice and work piece over it.
Clapper box
It carries the tool holder. The main function of clapper box is to provide clearance for
tool in return stock. jt prevents the cutting edge dragging the work piece while return
stock and prevent tool wear.
Column
Column is attached to the base. It provides the housing for the crank slider mechanism.
The slide ways are attached upper section of column which provide path for ram motion.
Cross ways:
It consists vertical and horizontal table sideways which allow the motion of table. It is
attached with some cross-movement mechanism.
Stroke adjuster:
It is attached below the table. It is used to control the stroke length which further
controls the ram movement.
Table supports:
These are attached front side of the table and used to support the weight of table during
working.

Operations of shaper
Horizontal Cutting
In horizontal cutting of shaper, the cutting tool of shaper removes material from the top
surface of work piece and prepared the flat top of the work pieces.
2. Vertical Cutting
In Vertical cutting of shaper, the cutting tool of shaper removes material from side of the
work piece and reduces its length or width.
3. Inclined Cutting
In inclined cutting of shaper, the cutting tool of shaper moves inclined and prepared the
flat inclined surface on work piece.
Irregular Cutting
In irregular cutting of shaper, the cutting tool of shaper removes material from the
surface of work piece in irregular from and prepared irregular shape on the surface of
work piece.

Drill machine
Base
The base is that part of the machine on which the vertical column is mounted. The base
is made of casting. A base supports the column and worktable with other attachments.
Column
The Column is the vertical member of the machine which supports the table and the
head containing all the driving mechanism.
Table
The table is mounted on the column and is provided with T-slots for clamping the work
directly on its face. A table is round or rectangular in shape.
Radial Arm:
It is mounted on the column and extends horizontally over the base. It has guide ways
on which drill head slides. The radial arm moves around the column.
Drill head:
It is mounted on the redial arm and drives the drill spindle. In some of the drill machines,
the drill head may be adjusted up or down for accommodating different heights of the
work in addition to the table adjustment.