Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Just View
Just View
A/E or E/A
AASHTO
acceptance test
ACI
ACIP, ACIP Pile
Adaptor
additive
Adfreezing
adhesion
Adjacent Piles
admixture, addition
ADSC-IAFD
adsorbed water
Advance Splicer
Aeolian soil
AFEO
A-Frame
Aft Batter
AGC
aggregate
air
air entrainment
air hose
Air Port(s)
Air/Steam Hammer
Airlift
Airlock
Airport
Allowable Load
alluvium
anchor
anchor head
Anchor Pile
anchor wall
anchored bulkhead
Angle Iron Guides
angle of repose
anode
Anomaly
Anvil
API
apparent tendon free length
applied stress
apron
aquiclude
Aquifer
arching
Artesian Head
artesian pressure
Artesian Water
ASCE
ASFE
ASTM
at rest pressure
Atomization, Impact
Atomization, Injection
Atterberg limits
auger
auger boring
auger flights
Auger Refusal
augered pile
Automated Monitoring
Equipment
AWPA
AWS
backfill
backhoe
Back-Up-Ring
bailer
banding
barrette
Basal Heave
base failure
basement
battered pile
beam
bearing capacity
bearing pile
bearing pressure
Bearing Wall
bedrock
Bell
belled anchor
belled caisson
bending
bending moment
bentonite
berm
Bevel Weld
blast, to
bleed
Bleeding
Bleeding Creosote
blocking
Blockout
blow count
blow counter
Blowing
bog
Boiling
boiling of sand
Bollard
bolt
Bond
Bond Length
bond strength
Bongossi
Bonnet
boom
bore, boring
bored pile
borehole diameter
Boring
borrow material
Bottom Brace
bottom heave
boulder
boulder clay
Box Lead
Box Pile
BP
brace
Brace Pile
braced excavation
bracing
Bracket Pile
breaking stress
breast wall
Brooming
Bruns Pile
buckling
building
bulb of stress
bulk filing
bulkhead
bulldozer
Bulls Liver
buoyancy
butt-end
Button-Bottom Pile
buttress, to
Butt-Welding
cage
CAGI
caisson
Caisson Hammer
Caisson Pile
Caisson Weights
calibration
Can Lead
Cant Hook
cantilever
Cap Block
Cap Material
Capacity
Capacity, Geotechnical
Capacity, Lateral
Capacity, Structural
Capacity, Tension
Capblock
capillarity
CAPWAP
case history
Case Method
cased borehole
casing
Casing Blows
Casing Twister
Catamaran
cathode
Cathodic Protection
cavity
cc
cellular cofferdam
Cement Bentonite
cement grout
centralizer
centrifuge
cfm
CGS
chamber
Champion Splicer
characteristic internal anchor
resistance
charges (explosives)
chemical grouting
chemical properties
Chicago Caisson
Chill Ring
chisel
Chock
chopping bit
Chuck Lead
Churn Drill
CIMA
Circular-Type Cellular
Cofferdam
Circulation
Clamshell Bucket
clay
Clay Cutter
Cleaning bucket
Cleat
clients technical
representative
Closed Specification
coarse grained
Coarse-Grained Soil
cobble
Cobi Mandrel
cofferdam
cohesion
Cohesionless Soil
cohesionless, non-cohesive
Cold Joint
colloid
Colluvium
column
Combustion Delay
compact, to
compactability
Compacted Concrete Pile
Compaction
compaction grouting
compaction pile
composite pile
compressed air
compression
Compression Leads
compression pile
Compression Stroke
compression wave
compressor
Computer Wave Equation
Program
concentrated load
concrete (reinforced)
Concrete Batching
Concrete Cover
concrete pile
concrete placing
concreting pipe
cone penetrometer
contact grouting
contact pressure
Contact Sheeting
container
Contiguous bored pile walls
Contraction Joint
contractor
controlled blasting
core
cored pile
Coring
Corner Panel
coupler
cover (concrete)
CPM
CPT
CPTU
crack
Cradle, Hammer
creep
creep limit
Crew, Pile
Crib
crib wall
Cross Head
Crowd
CRP
Cruciform Barrette
CSL
Cuneiform Pile
Curtain Wall
Cushion
Cushion Blocks
Cushion, Pile
cushioning
cut
Cut Off
Cut-Off Elevation
cut-off wall
cutting ring
Cutting Shoe
Cyclone
cylinder
Cylinder Lift
dam
Damping Factor
Dap
datum load
deadload
deadman
decay time
decomposed rock
decompression
Decrementation
deep foundation
deflection
deformation
degree of compaction
degree of saturation
delay
Density
Density Index
deposit
Depth of Fixity
depth of foundation
depth of penetration
Desander
Desanding Plant
Desiccation
desiccation
design
Design Drawing
design load
details
deterioration
detonation
Deviation
device
dewatering
DFI
diaphragm
Diaphragm Wall
Diaphragm-Type Cellular
Cofferdam
Diesel Hammer
Diesel I Program
Dieseling
differential settlement
Differential-Acting Hammer
Dike
Dip
dip (geol.)
Direct Circulation
disintegration
displacement
Displacement Amplitude (So)
displacement grouting
displacement pile
distributed load
disturbed sample
diversion
dock
Dock Builder
Dog-Leg Pile
Dolly
dolphin
Double Sheets
Double-Acting Hammer
Dowel
Downdrag
drag
dragline
Dragload
Drainage Chase
drawdown
dredge
Dredging
Drift
drift
Drift Bolt
Drift Pit
drill
drill hole
Drilled Pier
Drilled Pile
Drilled Shaft
Drilled-In-Caisson
drilled-in-pile
Driller's Stroke
drilling
Drilling Bucket
drilling fliud/mud
drilling fluid
drilling mud
drilling rig
drive
Drive Cap
Drive Cap Insert
drive shoe
drive tube
Driveability
Drive-Fit Sleeve
driven pile
driving
Driving Capacity(Fd)
Driving Criteria
Driving Formula
Driving Frequency (ƒd)
Driving Head
Driving Log
Driving Point
driving record
driving resistance
driving test
drop hammer
Dry Sampling
dry weight
Drypack
Dry-processed Method
ductility
Duplex Drilling
durability
Dutch Block
Dutch Cone
Dutch Leaders
dyke
Dynamic Compaction
Dynamic Force
Dynamic Formula
dynamic loading
dynamic test
Earth Anchors
Earth Auger
earth pressure
eccentric loading
eccentricity
effective pressure
EIC
EIT
Elastic Deformation
elastic strain
elasticity modulus
electrode
electro-osmosis
Elevation
embankment
embed, to
Embedment
encapsulation
Encasement
End Bearing
End Closure
End Resistance
end-bearing pile
energy loss
Energy, Impact
Energy, Rated
Energy, Transferred
engineering
Engineering Geologist
engineering geology
enlarged base
entrapped air
epoxy
Epoxy Grout
equilibrium
equipment
European Lead
evaporation
excavated material
excavation
excavator
excess hydrostatic pressure
Exhaust Ports
Expanded Base
Expanded Pile
Expansive Soil
explosive
Explosive Force
Extension, Helical
Extensometer
external anchor resistance
extraction
Extractor
factor of safety
Factored load
Factored resistance
Factored Soil-strength
Parameter
failure
failure load
failure surface
False Pile
false set
Falsework
fascine
fault, faulting
Faying Surface
Fender
Fender Cap
Fender Pile
Fender System
FGS
FHWA
fill, filling
filler
filling
filter
Filter Cake
Filter Press
Filtrate Loss
Final Set
fines
finite element method
firm bottom
Fish Plates
Fish Tail Bit
Fish Tails
fissure grouting
flexible foundation
flexural strength
flocculent
floor
flotation
flow
flow net
Flowable Fill
Flowline
Fluid Power
fly ash
Flying Hammer
foliation
follower
Foot of a Pile
Footer
footing
Foot-Pound Blow
Fore Batter
Foreman, Pile
formation
foundation
Foundation Pile
Foundation Unit
fracture
frame
Franki Pile
Free-Hanging Hammer
Freeze
French Drain
frequency
fresh water
friable rock
friction
friction pile
Friction/End-Bearing Pile
frost
Frost Line
Frost Action
frost heave
Frost-susceptible Soil
G.C.
gate
gauge, gage
Gel
Geocomb
Geofoam
geology
geophysical exploration
Geotechnical Engineer
geotechnique
GI
Gibs
GIR
girder
Girts
glacial deposit
glacial outwash
Glacial Till
Glut
G-mandrel
Go Devil
Go-For / Gopher
Gow Caisson
GPR
Grab
gradation
Grade
grader
grain shape
grain size
gravel
gravity grouting
gravity hammer
Greenheart
Grid
Grillage
grillage footing
grind
Grit
Groin, Groyne
Ground Freezing
ground level
Ground Modification
ground surface
Ground Vibration
groundwater
Groundwater Table
Groundwater, Artesian
group action
Grout
grout curtain
Grout Factor
Grout Head
Grout Return
grout, to
Grouted Piles
grouting
grouting pressure
Grouting, Foundation
Guard Pile
Guides
guide-walls
Gumbo
Guy
Guy Derrick
Hairpin
Hairpin Lead
hammer
Hammer Cage
Hammer Cushion
Hammer Efficiency
Hammer Energy
Hammer Grab
Hammer Line
Hammer Speed
Hammer Uplift
Hand Spike
Hanging Leads
Hard-Bite
hardpan
hauling equipment
hazard
H-Beam
H-Beam Lead
Head
Head Block
headwall
heat of hydration
heave
Helical Anchor
Helical Anchorage
helical auger
Helical Binders
Helical Foundation
Helical Pile
Helical Shell
HeliCAP®
Helix
heterogeneous
High Strain Dynamic Testing
Method
Hiley Formula
Hoisting Engine
Hollow-Stem Auger
Home, Pile
homogeneous
Hospital Side
H-pile
Hydraulic Collapse
Hydraulic Conductivity
hydraulic fill
Hydraulic Grab
Hydraulic Hammer
hydrology
Hydromill Excavator
Hydrostatic Pressure
IBC
ICE
ice and snow
Ice Segregation
impact
Impact Atomization
Impact Block
Impact Blow
Impact Force
Impact Velocity
Impedance
Impermeable
impervious
impervious blanket
Impulse-Echo Test
Inclined Pile
Inclinometer
Incrementation
index
Indicator Pile
indurated
inelastic deformation
infiltration
Inflecture Point
Influence line
initial set
Injection Atomization
Inkwell
inlet
Inlet Port
Inlet Pressure
inorganic soil
Insert
InSitu
Insitu Pile
in-situ strength
in-situ test
inspection
Inspector, Pile
Instrumentation
instrumentation
intact rock
integrity test
intergranular
internal friction
Internal Hammer
Internal Waler
Interpile
invert
investigation test
jack
Jack Test
jacked piles
Jacking
jacking equipment
Jaws
jet
Jet Grouting
jetted pile
Jetting
Jetty
joint
joint pattern
J-Side
J-Tip
karst
Kelly Bar
Kentledge
Key
Kicker
Kilonewton
King Pile
King Post
Kip
Koden Drilling Monitor
Lace
Lacing
Lagged Pile
lagging
Lags
Laitance
land
landslide
Lateral Load
lateral pressure
layer
leach
Lead Column
Lead Rails
Lead, Cardonic
Lead, Helical
Leaders
Leading Edge
Leads
Leads, Extended
Leads, Fixed
Leads, Free-Hanging
Leads, Semifixed
Leads, Swinging
Leads, Three-Way
Leads, Underhung
Leads, Vertical-Travel
leakage
Lean Concrete
levee
lever arm
Lifting Sling
lightweight aggregate
Lightweight Fill
lime, limestone
Limerock
limit analysis
Line Oiler
liner
Liner Wall
lining
Liquefaction
liquefaction failure
liquid
liquid limit
liquidity index
live load
load
load bearing element
load gauge
load increment
load loss limit
Load, Allowable
Load, Applied
Load, Service
loader
loading frame
Loading Test
Load-movement curve
load-settlement curve
loam
lock
lock off load
Lock Seam
loess
Lofting
Loftsman
log
loose
Louver
LRFD
lubricate
Lubricator
M LT
made ground
Make-Up-Pile
Mandrel
Man-made Obstruction
mantel, sleeve
Marine Borer
marine deposit
mark, bench mark
marl
marsh
Marsh Funnel
mass concrete
Mast Lead
mat foundation/footing, raft
Mats
McDermid Plate
measurement
membrane
mesh
Michigan Tests
micro pile
micropile joint
Milan Method
mineral
Mini-piles
mixed-in-place
mixer
Mixing Plant
mobile equipment
modulus of elasticity
moist
moisture content
moment of inertia
monkey
Monkey Stick
Monotube
Montee Caisson
Montmorillonite
Moonbeam
Mooring Pile
moraine
mortar
Motive Fluid
mottled
Muck
Muck Bucket
Mud Balance
Mud Line
Mud Mat
Mud Wall
mud, muck
Mudcake
Mudding-In
mudjacking
mudwave
multibench blasting
Multi-Hhelix Anchor
multi-row blasting
multi-stage grouting
multistory building
Necking
Needle Beam
Needle Gauge
Needle Piles
Negative Batter
Negative Inclination
Net Settlement
Neutral Plane
nipple
Nominal Axial Load
nondestructive tests
non-displacement grouting
Non-Displacement Piles
normally consolidated
NRMCA
NSGCSA
NUCA
observation well
Offshore Lead
Oiler
Omega Piles
open caisson
open cut
Order Lengths
organic matter
Oriented Core
oscillator
Oslo Point
osmosis
Osterberg cell test
outcrop (geol.)
outwash plain
over excavation
overbreak
overburden
Over-cast length
overconsolidated
Overconsolidation Ratio
(OCR)
Overdriving
Overhead Leads
overload
Over-pour
overstress
Overtake
p.s.i.g.
Pad
panel
Pants, Hammer
Parallelogram Brace
particle size
Particle Velocity
PCA
PCSA
PDA
PDCA
pea gravel
peat
Peavy
pebble
Pedestal Pile
Peeled
Pendulum Leads
penetration grouting
penetration record
penetration resistance
penetration test
Penetration, Gross
Penetration, Minimum
Penetration, Net
penetrometer
Penny
percentage by weight
percolation
Percussion boring/drilling
Performance Factor
permafrost
permanent anchor
permeability
permeation (impregnation)
grouting
pH
Pier
pier footing
piezometer
piezometric head
piezometric surface
Pig
pile
Pile Bent
Pile Buck
Pile Bulkhead
Pile Butt
pile cap
Pile Clamps
Pile Cluster
Pile Cushion
Pile Cut-Off
Pile Driver
pile driving
Pile Encasement
pile extraction
Pile Extractor
Pile Fall
Pile Formula
pile foundation
Pile Frame
Pile Gate
pile group
pile hammer
Pile Head
Pile Heave
Pile Impedance
Pile Line
Pile Log
Pile Master
Pile Monkey
Pile Penetration
Pile Point
Pile Refusal
Pile Rig
Pile Shaft
Pile Shoe
Pile Splicer
Pile Sweep
Pile Take Up
Pile Template
Pile Toe
Pile, Timber
Pile-raft Foundation
Piling Contractor
Pin Pile
pipe
Pipe Extractor
Pipe Pile
Pipe Sleeve
pipeline
piping
Piston
piston sampler
pit
Pitch Opening
plane strain
plastic concrete
plastic deformation
plastic limit
plastic soil
plasticity
plasticity index
Plumb Pile
pneumatic caisson
Pogo Stick
point bearing pile
point load
Point of Fixity
point resistance
Poisson's ratio
polymer
Polymer Slurry
polymer-based slurry
pond
Pony Beam
Pony Leads
poorly graded, - sorted
Porcupine Plate
Pore Pressure
porosity
Positive Batter
Post-tensioned Panel
Post-tensioning
power augers
Power Pack
Practical Refusal
Preaugering, Preboring or
Predrilling
precast concrete
Precast Pile
precompression
pre-consolidation
preconsolidation pressure
Pre-Excavation
prefabrication
Prefiring
Preignition
preliminary investigation
preliminary micropile
preliminary pile
pre-loading
prepacked pile
preservation
presplitting
pressure
pressure at rest
pressure bulb
pressure gauge
Pressure Grouting
Pressure Head
prestress
Prestressed Pile
Prestressing
Pretensioning
primary consolidation
Primary Panel
Probe pile
Production Pile
Production, Piles
project
proof load
prop
protection
protective coatings
Protector
Pruyn Point
psi, psf
PTI
puddle-clay
Puddling
pump
pumped concrete
pumping test
Quake
qualification test
quality control
quarry
quartz
quay
quay wall
quick condition
quick lime
Quick Test
quicksand
Rabbit
Racking Hammer
raft foundation
Rail Pile
railroad
Railroad Pile Driver
Raker
Raker Point
Raking Pile
Ram
Ram point
rammer
Range Pile
Ranger
rapid drawdown
Rat Hole
rate indicator
rate of loading
Rated Speed
Raymond Step-Tapered Pile
RCD
Reaction Pile
reamed
Reamer
Rebar Cage
Rebound
rebound curve
recharge
recompression
recovery
Rectangular Cofferdam
rectangular footing
reference point
Refusal
Regrout Tube
reinforced earth
reinforced slurry wall
Reinforcement
relative density
relaxation
relief well
repetitive loading
Residual Soil
residual stress
resin
Resistance
Resistance Factor
Resistance Modification
Factor
Resistance, Shaft
Resistance, Toe
Resistance, Ultimate
resisting moment
resonant frequency
Re-strike a Pile
retaining wall
retarding agent
Reverse Circulation
Reverse Head
Rider Cap
Rig
rigid foundation
rigid wall
riprap
rock
rock anchor
rock bolts
Rock Point
Rock Shoe
Rock Socket
rockfill
rod
Rope Suspended Lead
Rotary Boring
Rotary Drill
rotary drilling
rotary-percussive drilling
rotation
row of piles
runoff
rupture
Saddle
safe load
safety factor
Safety Margin
Salt Hay
salts
sample
sampling disturbance
sampling spoon
sampling tube
sand
Sand Brace
Sand Cone
Sand Content
Sand Drains
sand drains
sand pile
saturated soil
Saximeter
SBC
scale
scarifier
scarp
Scope of Work
scraper
screen
Screw Anchor
screw pile
sea level
sea wall
seal
seasonal effect
Secant Pile
Secant Pile Wall
secondary compression
Secondary Panel
section
sedimentary rock
sediments
seepage
seepage flow
segregation
seismic design
Seismic Exploration
seismic velocity
Seismograph
seismometer
self weight
Self-compacting concrete
Self-consolidating concrete
sensitive clay
Sensitivity
sensor
sequence of strata
Set
setting (materials)
settlement
settlement analysis
settlement curve
settlement measurement
settlement plate
Settlement Point
Settlement, Gross
Settlement, Net
Set-up
sewer
Shackle
shaft
shaft diameter
Shaft grouting
Shaft Resistance
shale
shallow cut
shallow foundation
shear force
shear stress
shear test
shearing strength, shear
sheeting
Shell
Shelling Up
Shield
Shipworm
Shoe Plates
Shook Out
Shop Drawing
shoring
shotcrete
Shoulder Pipe
shovel
shrinkage
Side Batter
Side Channels
side friction
Side Guides
Sieve
sieve analysis
Sight-Feed Lubricator
silica
silt
siltation
Single-Acting Hammer
site
Site Conditions
site investigation
Skew Batter
Skid Rig
skin friction
Skirt, Hammer
slab
Slaking
slate
slickenside
slide
Slide Pile
Slinging Hole
slip
Slip Layer
slip surface
slope
slope failure
slope protection
slot
Slow Test
SLS
Sludge
slurry
Slurry Specialist
Slurry Trench
slurry wall
Soak-sensitive Soil
Socket
Soil
Soil Anchor
Soil Boring
soil cement
soil characteristics
Soil Damping
Soil Damping Parameter
Soil Engineer
soil exploration
Soil Fill
Soil Investigation
soil mechanics
Soil Mixing
soil moisture
Soil Nail
Soil Nailing
soil particle
Soil Plug
soil profile
Soil Resistance to Driving
(SRD)
Soil Screw™
soil stabilization
Soldier Pile
Solid Density
sonic coring
Sonic Driver
Sonic logging
sonic test
sounding
spacer
spacing
span
specific gravity
specification
specimen
Spider
Spile
Spiral Weld Pipe
Splice
Spliced Pile
split spoon
Spoil
Spoon Blows
spoon sample
Spotter
spread footing/foundation
Spreader Bars
spring
Spring Fender
SPT
Spud
Spud Clip
Spud Lead
Spudding
Spun Pile
Spur Dike
Spur Pile
Stabbing Points, Leads
stability
Stabilizing Fluid
stable suspension
stage construction
Staking Out
stanchion
standpipe
Statnamic Testing
Staylathing
steam hammer
Steam Lead
steel
Steel H-Pile
steel pile
Steel Pipe Pile
Step-Tapered Pile
Stiffeners, Web
stiff-fissured clay
stiffness
Stinger
stirrups
stone
Stone Columns
strain
Strapping
stratum
strength
stress
stress concentration
stress distribution
Stress, Effective
Stressing Length
stress-stain curve
Strike
Striker Plate
String Line
Stringer
strip foundation
Stroke
structural damage
structure
Strut
strut
subgrade
subsidence
subsoil
subsoil exploration
subsurface
suction
suitability test
sump
Sump Pump
support
supporting fluid
surcharge
Surveyor
suspension
Swage Pile
Swinging Leads
Swivel Leads
system test
T.A.M.
Tack
tank (container)
Taper Pile (steel)
TaperTube Piles
Tapette
Taywood Sheet Pile Driver-
Extractor
Telescope Lead
Telltale
temperature
temporary anchor
Temporary Wall
tendon
Tenon
tensile force
tensile strength
tensile stress
tension
Tension Capacity
tension crack
Tension Pile
tension pile
tension steel
Teredo
Termination Criterion
terrace deposits
test
Test Borings
test load
Test Loading
test micropile
test pile
Test Pit
test procedure
testing machine
thixotropy
Thread
Throttle Valve
tides
tie-back
Tieback Trumpet
Tiedown
tie-rod
tight
till
Tilt Meter
tiltmeter
timber pile
time-settlement curve
Toe
Toe Elevation
toe failure
Toe Grouting
Toe Resistance
Tolerance
Top Block
Top Head
Top Man
Top Plate
top soil
Top-down Method
Torque
Torque Correlation
torsion
Total Stress Analysis
TPT Pile
Training Wall
transducer
Transferred energy
transition zone
Tremie
tremie concrete
Tremie Pipe
Tremie Plug
trench
Trench Cutter
Trepan
Trestle
trial micropile
trial pile
Triangular Lead
triangular load distribution
triaxial apparatus
triaxial cell
Trip
Truss Leads
TTI Program
Tube Pile
tube-à-manchettes
two-way slab
U Lead
UBC
ULS
ultimate load
unconfined compression
strength
unconsolidated-undrained test
(quick test)
underground
underpinning
Under-Ream
underreamed pile
underseepage
underwater
Underwater Driving
undisturbed sample
uniaxial compression
uniformity coefficient
uniformly graded soil
unit weight
Updown Method
uplift
Uplift Capacity
uplift piles
uplift pressure
USDOT
vacuum
vane apparatus
varved clay
Vertical Earth Boring Machine
vibration
Vibratory Driver/Extractors
Vibratory Hammer
vibratory pile driving
Vibro-compaction
Vibro-driveability (Vp)
vibroflotation
viscosity
visual inspection
void
void ratio
volcano
volume
volume change
Wakefield Pile
wale
wall friction
Wall Thickness
Wash Boring
wash water
washboring
water content
Water Jet
Water Table
Water to Cementitious
Materials Ratio
water-bearing
water-cement ratio
waterlevel
watertight
Watertight Wall
wave
Wave Equation
wave length
Wave Speed
Wave Trace
wave velocity
Ways
weak soil
WEAP
weathering
wedge
wedging
weephole
weight loss
well
well casing
well point
well screen
wet-processed method
WFEO
Wharf
wharf structures
Wick Drain
Wide Flange
Wings
wood
wood pile
wood preservates
workability
working level
Working Load
working micropile
working pile
x-rays
yield
yield point
yield stress
Young's modulus
zero point
zinc
zone of capillary saturation
zone of seepage
zone of swelling
DEFINITION
Abbreviation for Architect/Engineer or vice versa.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
The adhesion of soil to a foundation unit resulting from the freezing of soil
water. Also referred to as "frost grip."
Trade name for a tapered steel unit for connecting pipe piles by driven
friction.
Soil mainly composed of silt-sized particles of wind blown deposits. See
also Loess, which is aeolian soil.
ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations. Engineering Organization
consisted of ten national professional engineering organisation from ten
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries
Colloquial term for driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the
bottom of the pile is inclined toward the crane. Same as Negative Batter.
See also Inclined Pile
American General Contractors Association
The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as both air intake and air
exhaust ports.
Impact pile driver powered by compressed air or steam; action of machine
may be single, double, differential or compound.
Device for lifting slurry, suspended solids and drill cuttings from the bottom
of a bentonite or polymer slurry-filled excavation for a trench, coffer dam
cell or drilled shaft. Usually, compressed air is introduced into the slurry at
the bottom of the excavation via a small pipe inside a larger pipe. The
upward airflow inside the larger pipe reduces slurry density. The higher
density of the surrounding slurry causes an upward flow inside the larger
pipe that tends to lift material from the bottom of the excavation.
1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may
slip, to which a retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached . See
also Deadman. 2. Piles constructed near test pile to anchor jacking beam
(See also Reaction Pile).
A part fitted to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of
leads to hold the hammer in the leads. Also called Side Guides, Angle Iron
Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws, Ways.
Value used in soil analysis approximately equal to the angle formed by a
naturally occurring pile of cohesionless soil.
The amount by which water pressure in an aquifer that causes water to rise
above the normal groundwater table or the ground surface.
Subsurface water with sufficient pressure (head) to raise the water in a well
or pipe above the normal groundwater table or ground surface.
American Society of Civil Engineers.
American Society of Foundation Engineers.
American Society for Testing and Materials.
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel
injected and trapped between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact
of the ram on the impact block. The hammer normally will have a time
delay between impact and combustion.
A type of diesel fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel
is atomized by an injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact.
The liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index for soil. The water content
where the soil behavior changes from the semi-liquid to the plastic state is
the liquid limit and from the plastic to the semi-solid state is the plastic limit.
Plasticity index is the numerical difference between liquid limit and plastic
limit and is the range of water content within which the soil behaves as a
plastic. For test method, see ASTM D4318.
Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also
called Chill Ring.
Wrapping timber piles with high-tensile steel bands to prevent splitting while
driving. Also called Strapping.
Cast-in-place concrete foundation element that may be reinforced, which is
constructed in various plan configurations (I, H, L, X shapes) and intended
to primarily carry vertical loads. Also called load-bearing element.
The maximum load a pile can sustain by soil/rock resistance at the bottom
of the pile. For shallow foundations, it is the capacity of the soil/rock to
carry load without excessive deformation.
A supporting pile for a structure that can be of wood, concrete or steel in
any number of shapes and whose bearing is reached by toe or end
bearing, friction, or friction and compaction, or a combination. See End
Bearing Pile
The maximum pressure that may be safely applied to a soil or rock by the
foundation unit considered in design under expected loading and
subsurface conditions.
The pressure applied to a soil or rock by a foundation unit; it is equal to or
smaller than the allowable bearing pressure.
The contact surface between a foundation unit and the soil or rock upon
which it bears.
Soft, wet land underlain by decayed moss and vegetable matter and
covered with grass and vegetation.
See Blowing - Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam
or excavation because of groundwater pressure; normally associated with
insufficient toe penetration of sheeting. Also called Blowout, Blowing,
Piping.
A wall built against a bank of earth or rock to prevent it from falling. See
also Rip Rap - Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize
wave wash and erosion.
The separation of fibers at the butt or tip of a wood pile caused generally by
excessive or improper driving, or timber of unsuitable quality. Can be
controlled through the use of a pile banding ring, driving cap with cushion
blocks and a metal shoe for
Trade name for a concrete pile precast with short pieces of pipe at ends for
adding lengths with a tapered drive splicer.
Guide and regulations for design and construction of buildings and their
supports.
See Settlement Point
Trade name for a precast concrete tip about 17 in. diameter driven with a 14
in. heavy wall pipe. For a cased pile a corrugated shell is lowered and
fastened to the base and the pipe withdrawn. For an uncased pile concrete
is forced out the bottom as th
See Caisson
Steel ingots or concrete blocks used to help sink a caisson. Also used as
reaction weights for test loading - load-test weights. See also Kentledge
Indicating that a pile has reached specified penetration and/or blow count -
that the pile is "home."
See Offshore Lead - A pile hammer lead which has an upper section
wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits
about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the
pile after engagement. The pile is usually sup
The opposite of its name - a wood handled tool with a hinged hook near the
bottom for turning piles or timbers. See also Peavy.
Used with deteriorated pile bents, usually timber; existing piles are cut off at
good material, a cap placed across them and support built up to the
structure.
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It is
suspended beneath a hammer by cables; it contains a well or recess on top
for cushion material and for seating the anvil, if used. The bottom is formed
to accept a specific shape p
Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper,
aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to
receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. See also Cap Material,
Cushion Blocks, and Dolly.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit.
See resistance, ultimate
A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated, factored bearing-capacity of
a foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a loaded foundation
unit, e.g., a footing, or a pile. (The structural capacity of a foundation unit is
the ultimate resistance of the unit itself as based on the strength of the
building materials.)
See capacity, bearing
The maximum or ultimate resistance mobilized by a foundation unit
subjected to loading perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.
The maximum or ultimate strength of the foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit
subjected to tension (upward) loading.
Obsolete term. See "Hammer cushion."
Movement of groundwater that occurs through very small voids or channels
in soil due to capillary tension.
Title of a computer wave equation program derived from "CAse Pile Wave
Analysis Program." The software utilizes a signal matching technique in
which the measurements from a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and theoretical
results generated by the software are
A method that calculates static soil resistance (static ultimate pile capacity)
from data recorded by a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and estimated soil
damping properties. See also "CAPWAP"
Trade name for a thin-wall shell pipe driven with a mandrel striking on the
point.
Low strength mixture of cement, bentonite and water, which hardens with
time.
High strength mixture of cement and water, which hardens with time.
A fluid chemical compound injected into soil or rock to improve its load-
carrying capacity or decrease its permeability.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is
contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile.
The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. See
also Off-shore Lead
A method of drilling through difficult overburden or rock employing heavy
percussion by a star-shaped cutting bit or chisel.
Soil types that have particles large enough to be seen without visual
assistance. The coarse-grained materials include the sand and gravel (or
larger) soil particles.
A rock fragment of 3 to 12 inches in size, usually rounded by weathering
and abrasion.
A proprietary, segmented steel mandrel designed to be pneumatically
expanded inside of a thin, round, corrugated metal shell to hold it while
driving.
A soil that has been formed by movement of soil from its original place by
gravity.
A cast-in-place pile formed with an enlarged base. Dry concrete in the base
is placed in small batches, which are compacted by heavy blows while
plastic. See Enlarged Base-1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by
driving out successive charges of dry co
The process of increasing the density or unit weight of a soil by preloading,
rolling, tamping, vibrating, or other mechanical means.
Ground improvement method in which loose soils are densified by the
injection of low-slump grout at high pressure.
A pile made up of two or more types or sizes of piles joined together. The
connection between the components is designed to transmit load and to
prevent separation during and after construction. See also Spliced Pile - A
pile composed of two or more segm
Colloquial term for the preferred "Compound Inclination Pile".
Inclined pile driven at an angle in two directions from the main direction of
the piles. Also "Skew Inclination"
Measuring the dry materials for a concrete mix (usually by weight) to control
the quality of the mix.
Distance from closest reinforcing bar face to the surface of the concrete
See CPT
Panel cast with one end against a previously cast panel.
A load test technique that involves applying a load to the pile in such a
manner that the pile top (head) experiences a constant rate of
displacement. The force and displacement are recorded at short intervals,
so that a force/displacement curve may be pl
A structure which slides on the rails of pile driver leads and carries the
hammer forward of the lead rails.
The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including
the crane crew, as applicable. Also call Dockbuilders, Bridgemen or Pile
Bucks.
A structure built of round or square timbers, or reinforced precast concrete
members, laid in courses with the pockets filled with riprap or rubble.
Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves
for carrying lines holding pile and hammer over top of leads. See Appendix
B. Also call Head Block, Sheave Head Assembly, or Top Head.
The elevation of the top of the pile as shown on the contract drawing.
A structure constructed, underground, to impede the flow of water as: 1.
Under stream beds in arid regions to extend to the surface to form a
reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to prevent trickles from developing into
dangerous channels; 3. Under concrete dam
1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may
slip, to which a retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached. 2: Piles
driven near test pile to anchor jacking beam (Also called Reaction Pile or
Anchor Pile).
Distance from the ground surface to the depth at which a pile is held firmly
by the soil.
Device used to remove sand and silt particles suspended in bentonite slurry
A fluid -powered hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and is
exhausted into and combined with additional fluid entering over the piston
to take advantage of differential piston areas to accelerate the ram and to
act in concert with gravity
An impervious barrier to control movement of water.
Angle of inclination a fault stratum makes with the horizontal plane. See
also Strike -The direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground
surface relative to North.
A counter-flow method of circulating drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In
the direct circulation method drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill
pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space. See
also Reverse Circul
Hollow stem chisel with provision for introducing bentonite slurry under
pressure at the head of the drill in order to remove drill cuttings.
Should actually be "Free-hanging (double) displacement amplitude". See
illustration #13.
A solid pile, or hollow pile, driven with the lower end closed, which displaces
an equivalent soil volume by compaction or by lateral or vertical
displacement of the soil, such as timber, closed-end pipe or precast
concrete piles. A Franki Pile.
The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including
the crane crew, as applicable. Also called Bridgemen, Pile Bucks, or Pile
Crew.
A pile curved or bent during driving.
A pile hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and additional
fluid, redirected by valving, acts in concert with gravity on the down stroke.
Reinforcing steel bar projecting from the top or face of the wall intended for
connection of additional reinforcement or concrete at a later time.
1. A metal rod driven into a hole bored in timber, the hole having a smaller
diameter than the rod; usual purpose is to hold two or more timbers
together. 2. In steel erection a tapered "drift pin" is used to align holes at
connections.
A sheeted pit excavated laterally from within a main pit.
A larger diameter, up to 10 ft or more, opening excavated to bearing strata
and filled with concrete - either cased or uncased.
See Drilled Shaft
Concrete pile cast-in-place in an augered hole, which may be belled at the
bottom. Suitable where soil is dry and hole will stand open. Also called
Drilled Pier, Drilled Pile, Bored Pile.
An open-end pipe driven to rock, cleaned out and a socket drilled into rock
to receive a steel core (H,WF or bars) then socket and pipe are filled with
concrete. Core, concrete and pipe contribute to high load carrying capacity.
A closed rotary boring tool with its cutting edge at its base. Spoil is
removed from the bucket by swinging it to one side of the bore and
releasing the hinged bottom of the bucket.
during concreting
A steel collar used for splicing pipe piles. The "drive-fit" simply means that
both pieces of pipe fit inside the collar and after the first blow of the
hammer, the fit is tight due to the taper of the inside of the collar. Does not
normally require wel
pile which is forced into the soil by driving, the soil being displaced by the
pile or drive tube
method to bring the piles into the ground to the required depth, such as
hammering, vibrating, pressing, screwing
or by a combination of these or other methods
The theoretical driving force delivered to the pile. Also known as "rated
driving force". See illustration #10
1. Requirement for resistance of a pile to penetration, stated in blows per
increment of depth. 2. Required tip elevation of pile. See also Refusal-The
condition reached when a pile or soil sampler being driven by a hammer
has negligible penetration pe
See Dynamic Formula.
Driving frequency is usually given in (Hz), is the number of revolutions per
second of the eccentric masses (within the vibratory Driver).See illustration
#8
See Drive Cap
Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model,
pile type, blow count per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length,
etc. Also called Log or Pile Log.
See Drive Shoe.
A mixture of sand and cement with just enough water to form a ball with
compressed by hand. This mixture is generally rammed between
foundations and underpinning to form full bearing contact.
Excavation or drilling method for bored piles or drilled shaft construction.
Borehole is drilled under dry conditions without introducing slurry.
Applicable in soil and/or rock where the shaft is to be formed above the
groundwater level, or impervious mat
Method of advancing a borehole whereby the drill rods and casing are
inserted simultaneously by rotary or rotary-percussive technics. The drill
cuttings / slurry return through the annulus between the rods and casing in
order to minimize loss of ground.
Y-type rigging system, to operate diesel hammer with a single hosting cable
of the crane, which supports both the lead and hammer.
A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to
indicate approximate load-bearing strength of a pile. Often called Dutch
Cone Penetrometer or CPT
Pile hammer leads composed of two holes or pipes which are loosely
coupled at the boom point and the base and the hammer is guided between
the pipes.
The mass that moves/vibrates during pile installation, i.e. weight of excitor
block, hydraulic clamp and pile. Usually given in (kg). See illustration #11.
Rods or cables installed into the adjacent soil mass or rock. Portion beyond
zone of active pressure is pressure grouted to hold a soldier pile or similar
walled excavation. The anchors may be installed horizontally or at a slope.
See Appendix C.
1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top
and cutting head on the bottom designed to bore holes in the earth by
drilling, either with or without the supplementary use of water. 2. A hand
operated soil sampler.
Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil
mass against an earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or
basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical plane located within a soil mass.
The coefficient of earth pre
Load that does not bear axially on the pile, usually due either to the pile
being driven out of plumb or plan location or the actual imposed load
condition.
Also called "unbalanced moment" and even "static moment". See
Illustration #7
The vertical location of a point relative to a fixed reference (i.e., sea level
plus or minus x).
1. The length of the pile from the surface of the ground or from the cutoff
below the ground to the tip of the pile. 2. Extent of penetration of the top
into the pile cap.
Protective cover for steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at
the water or ground line, where all types of piles are most vulnerable to
corrosion and insect attack. Also called Pile Encasement.
Device to withdraw end stop after the concrete has achieved initial set.
A pile that supports the major portion of the load placed upon it by end or
toe bearing on a firm stratum existing at some depth below the ground
surface.
The kinetic energy delivered by a hammer ram to the anvil of a pile driving
helmet.
The nominal energy calculated as the maximum height (stroke) of the
hammer ram times the weight of the ram.
The energy transferred from the hammer to the pile through the helmet and
cushions and measured in dynamic monitoring.
One of many dynamic formulae for estimating the static load bearing
capacity of a driven pile.
R = 2E / + 0.1 [Where: E = Energy in ft-lbs; S = Set in inches/blow; R =
Allowable pile capacity in pounds with a presumed factor of safety of 6]
1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of
dry concrete or gravel from the base of an open-ended driving tube to form
a bulb. This has the effect of increasing the bearing area of the pile and
compacting the soil. 2. Pre
A two (or more) part resin that, when mixed, produces a high-strength
bonding material.
1. The outlet fluid path of all powered hammers. 2. The combined air inlet
and exhaust ports of a diesel pile hammer.
See Enlarged Base.
A pile with a mechanical device for expanding the bottom to increase
bearing capacity or resistance to uplift.
This type of soil undergoes volume changes upon wetting and drying,
capable of causing damage to buildings and pavements. Expansive soils
mostly occur in arid and semiarid areas. Found in large areas of Southwest
and Western United States.
The force exerted on a pile by the explosion of the diesel fuel, which is
equal to the gas pressure created by the explosion times the area of the
cylinder bore.
Helical anchorage/foundation component installed immediately following
the helical lead section. Extensions consist of a steel shaft of finite length
without helix plates. It is installed following the installation of the helical
lead section or extensi
Geotechnical Instrument used to measure displacement and strains in soil,
rock, and cast-in-place bored piles.
Pulling to withdraw previously installed pile from the ground. Usually done
with an impact pile extractor or a vibratory pile driver/extractor.
A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or
air hammer with yoke so equipped as to transmit upward blows to the pile
body or a specially built extractor utilizing this principle. Vibratory hammers
are especially effectiv
The ratio of maximum available resistance or of the capacity to the
allowable stress or load.
The capacity of a foundation unit, as determined by geotechnical formula
using factored soil strength parameters, or, when the capacity is determined
in a field-test loading or calculated from penetrometer data, the failure load
multiplied by a performanc
The load applied to a foundation unit, multiplied by an appropriate load
factor (Typically greater than unity, or as specified in the relevant code).
The face of a metal plate, end of timber, etc., that joins another surface so
closely as to leave no space between them
A protective system built to prevent marine traffic from damaging bridge
piers and docks.
A horizontal member resting on and framed to the top or side of fender
piles.
Treated wooden pile and timbers used in a fender system. Note that
untreated piles are often used for ferry slips. Also call Guard Pile
Piles and/or timbers used as guides adjacent to a bridge opening or dock
and along the face of a wharf seawall or other waterfront structures to
absorb shock from vessel impact, and so minimize damage to both
structure and vessel.
Fellow of the Geological Society of London
Federal Highway Administration.
1. Soil or other material placed in an excavation or other area to raise the
surface elevation or to provide a more stable base. Fill materials are
usually selected for low compressibility and good stability, and may include
rock, rubble, slag or other d
Structural fabrication or casting placed in a driving helmet to adjust to a
different type or size of pile. Also called Adaptor or Insert.
The number of blows per inch, foot or other unit length of measure at which
the driving of the pile or soil sampling device was stopped.
The net penetration a pile moves under one blow or a specified series of
blows at the end of driving. (Reciprocal of final blow count)
Refers to silt and clay-sized particles which exist in a soil mixture. See also
Coarse-Grained Soils.
Steel plates or timbers bolted across a joint to make a splice.
1. A device shaped like a fish tail to better utilize jetting water. 2. A reaming
bit used on the end of a flight auger.
Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the heads
of template supported sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon and in
vertical alignment with the pile to permit the hammer's operation free-
hanging. See also Hairpin - A gravi
Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of a
hammer to drive a pile. Also called Motive Flluid.
An admixture used in augered, cast-in-place pile grout that promotes
flowability, reduces water requirements, reduces bleeding and segregation,
can increase strength and provides expansion in the plastic state. Is usually
specified by quoting ASTM C 937
A hard, fine, pozzolanic residue from coal combustion often used as an
admixture in concrete.
1. A pile hammer held by a crane line, without leads and used to drive a
supported pile. Also called free-hanging hammer, swinging hammer or wild
hammer. 2. Vibratory hammers operate in this manner. See Sketches,
Appendix B.
The energy in foot-pounds delivered per blow by the ram of a pile hammer.
Colloquial term for inclination of the pile toe away from the pile driver. Also
called Positive Batter or Forward Batter.
The supervisor of a pile crew.
A pile which derives most or all of its resistance to load by the friction
developed between the side surface of the pile and the soils through which
it is driven.
A pile that achieves support from the combination of side friction and toe
(end) bearing.
The depth below the surface to which moisture filled soils may freeze.
Foundations must be carried to below the frost line to minimize danger of
frost heave. Also called Frost Penetration.
The phenomenon occurring when water in soil is subjected to freezing and
thawing. Freezing, because of the water-ice phase change or ice lens
growth, results in a total volume increase and /or the build-up of expansive
forces under confined conditions, an
Frost heave refers to the vertical soil movement which occurs in freezing
temperatures as ice layers or lenses form within the freezing soil and
caused the soil mass to expand. See also Frost Action, and Heave.
1. The elevation of the natural gound level of any point on the project site.
2. The cut-off elevation of the pile. 3. The average level of finished ground
adjoining a building at all exterior walls
Small stones or fragments of stone generally smaller than 3 in. and larger
than 1/4 in. size.
A very hard, naturally durable wood sometimes used for piling; native to the
Amazon area. Less durable than pressure treated wood, especially in
resisting marine borers.
See Pile Template
A framework of structural horizontal members crossed in layers and placed
on the tops of piles or pile caps to support a structural load.
Angular, rough, hard particles of sand, gravel or crushed stone in a loose
form.
1. A structure built out from, perpendicular to or making an angle with the
shoreline. Generally built of pressure treated close timber piling, sheet
piling driven between guide wales and piles, or horizontal courses of plank
held between vertical timber
A method of freezing the ground in order to provide temporary excavation
support and prevent groundwater from entering into the excavation. Pore
water in the soil is frozen by cooling the ground by circulating a refrigerant
(usually calcium chloride brin
A mixture of cement and water or chemicals: for filling voids it is made very
thin for pumping under pressure. Rock flour, clay, or sand may be added to
cement grout for economy. Cement Grout can be used to improve the tips
of piles, and as an adhesive
The ratio of the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, to the
theoretical volume of the shaft. Usually expressed as a percentage. See
also Overtake.
The pumping pressure maintained when placing grout in an ACIP pile.
The moment at which grout is observed on the auger flights at the ground
surface as the auger is being withdrawn during the placement of grout in an
ACIP pile.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is
contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile.
The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. The
pile is usually supported by a template
Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile
from crushing and spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad.
The ratio of kinetic energy of the ram immediately prior to impact divided by
the rated energy.
The kinetic energy delivered by a pile hammer to the Drive Cap. See
Energy, Impact, and Energy, Rated.
A heavy tool used in breaking and removing obstructions in large diameter
caissons or other excavations.
The crane main hoist drum wire rope line assigned to raising and lowering
and holding the hammer.
The number of complete strokes of a pile hammer achieved by the ram per
minute.
1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile
hammer begins to lift or "float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the
hammer overcomes the weight of the hammer casing or cylinder. See also
Cylinder Lift
A short slender pole used to position and hold a pile in the leads.
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a
crane. Also called Swinging Leads, Pendulum Leads.
Proprietary cast-steel driving tip with cutting "teeth" for H-piles.
1. Most commonly a very dense heterogeneous mass of clay, sand and
gravel of glacial drift origin. 2. The hard stratum of consolidated earth
underlying surface soil, too hard for roots to penetrate.
A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The
width and depth are approximately equal. See also Steel H-Pile
A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer
engages and slides upon one flange of the beam through the use of spud
clips bolted to the hammer. Also called Monkey Stick, Spud lead.
Mild steel bars spirally arranged about the main reinforcement steel to bind
the latter to form a cage.
Also known as Helical screw foundation, screw pile, or helical pier, screwed
to or into bearing strata and used to transfer compression loads to soil. A
helical foundation consists of a small diameter steel shaft, single or multiple
helix bearing plates,
A deep foundation system consisting of a Helix Screw Pile and a bracket for
transferring loads from a structure to the pile.
Low capacity metal (galvanized steel) pile consisting of a center-pole and
successive helices.
Cased or un-cased, small diameter, soil displacement, cast-in-place screw
pile in which gravity-fed grout forms a shaft around the central steel element
above the helix plate(s).
A high-strength steel shaft with one or more helix-shaped circular steel
plates welded to a central steel hub “lead section”. Helix anchors are
installed by screwing the helix plates into the soil through the application of
a rotating force on the centra
Corrugated (usually 12 to 18 gauge) steel rolled into a spiral pipe with the
joint crimped or welded watertight. The shell is installed as a pile with a
mandrel.
Title of computer program developed by Hubbell Power Systems, Inc./A.B.
Chance which calculates the bearing and uplift capacity of helical
anchorages/foundations in soil.
Generally round steel plate formed into a ramped spiral. The helical shape
provides the means to install a helical anchorage, or a helical foundation,
plus the plate transfers load to soil in end-bearing. Helix plates are
available in various grades, di
(See Screw Pile)
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. Also
called Anvil Block, Bonnet, Cap, Driving Head, Helmet, Follow Cap, Rider
Cap, Shield. See sketches, Appendix A.
A dynamic testing method for deep foundations using a drop-mass to
impact the top of the shaft. The strain at impact must be at least the same
order, or greater than the ultimate capacity of the pile. In brief, the soil
resistance must be wholly mobilized
A dynamic pile driving formula for estimating the static load bearing capacity
of a pile driven from its penetration resistance. It includes terms for pile
weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and cushion properties.
A prime mover and a hoist with one or more hoisting wire rope (cable)
drums, mounted on a common sled base.
An earth auger with an end bit on a hollow center shaft. See also Auger.
A point at which a pile has reached specified soil penetration and/or blow
count.
A colloquial expression indicating the side of the pile driver which is the
most dangerous.
See Steel H-Pile. Also called H-Beam.
Can occur when the hydrostatic pressure in the ground (usually below a
clay strata) is sufficient to cause the collapse of thin-wall pile casing.
Term for the physical property that permits water to flow through the voids in
a soil.
Earth fill moved and placed by pumping with water.
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel
injected and trapped between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact
of the ram on the impact block. The hammer normally will have a time
delay between impact and combustion.
Normally used with diesel hammer. 1. The part of a pile hammer seated
directly under the ram which transmits the blow of the ram to the pile or to
the drive cap (also called Impact Block). Also called Anvil. 2. Steel plate on
top of cushion material in d
The transmission of energy during a short interval of time from one moving
body to another.
The peak force delivered by a pile driving hammer to the pile head as
measured by means of dynamic monitoring (the peak force must not be
influenced by soil resistance reflections).
The velocity of the ram of a gravity or single-acting steam/air hammer when
it strikes the anvil. It may be computed from a formula.
A constant that is equal to the pile cross-section area times Young's
modulus, divided by the elastic wave velocity.
Soil in which the spacing of the soil particles is so close as to prevent or
allow only very slow passage of water.
The individual who observes pile installation for conformance with contract
requirements.
Any device intended to measure the performance of a wall or structural
system, or physical parameters such as soil pressure or water head.
The portion of a steel sheet pile or other sheeting which connects adjacent
piles through a thumb and finger or similar configuration to make a
continous wall. Also called a Clutch
A gravity hammer which acts internally on a plug at the base of a pile casing
and is used to advance the casing by driving at the bottom to a given set or
penetration.
Reinforcing steel embedded in a wall to provide bending resistance
between points of lateral support.
Proprietary name for a type of cast-in-place concrete pile.
A high capacity hydraulic jacking system used to apply loads to a pile under
test. See also Test Pile
pile pressed into soil by means of static force
The use of water or compressed air jet to facilitate the placing or driving of a
pile by means of hydraulic displacement of parts of the soil. In some cases,
a high pressure compressed air jet(s) may be used, either alone or with
water. Also called Water
A work constructed out from a harbor entrance. Mounds or heaps of rubble,
fascine, or mattress work with rubble or stone, or a reinforced concrete wal,
to prevent littoral drift from forming a sand bar across a harbor entrance.
See also Groin, or Groyne.
Discontinuity between panels, usually formed by end stops or embedded
structural shapes.
A mixture of sand, silt and clay, generally with a varying amount of organic
material.
See Line Oiler. Lubricator or Oiler also refers to the assistant equipment
operator.
Maintained Load Test. Load test accomplished by applying an increasing
load in defined increments and holding each level until such time that the
pile top (head) displacement stabilizes or a specified time period is attained.
A force vs displacement cur
The average low elevation to which the surface of a body of water falls.
Mean High Water is average high. In tidal areas Mean Low (High) Tide is
the average daily minimum or maximum water surface elevation.
See Micro-piles
Quotient obtained by dividing the stress per unit area by the change per unit
length in the elastic region of material behaviour. Also called Young's
Modulus (when unconstrained laterally).
A spud lead system in which the lead column passes through a slide box at
the tip of the crane boom. The lead column elevation is controlled by the
crane auxillary hoist drum cable and a brace is not normally used, the lead
base being set on the ground. T
An open top, longitudinally-fluted tapered steel tube, driven without a
mandrel and filled as a cast-in-place concrete pile.
A steel caisson with sawtooth cutting edge, which is rotated to cut its way
through rock. Loosened material is washed out of the caisson. More
powerful motors and pumps, plus high quality cutting steels have brought a
redevelopment of this once popular pr
A principal clay mineral group. A hydrous aluminum silicate characterized
by a crystalline structure of layers or thin sheets. This is the main ingredient
of bentonite clay.
A curved or horizontal beam attached to the end of the brace on pile
hammer leads which allows the lead to be moved sideways and held fixed
during the driving of side inclination piles (right angle to the crane boom).
Usually a treated or greenheart wood pile, driven out from a pier or dock to
steady marine vessels from wind and wave action, or to hold a floating dock
in position. See also Dolphin, King Pile.
Distinct geological feature - mound or ridge - of material deposited by
glaciation, usually containing a wide range of particle sizes. See also
Glacial Till
Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of the
hammer to drive the pile. See also Motive Fluid Power.
1. A very soft or watery clay. 2. A term used for material removed from an
excavation, especially in tunneling.
Cylindrical tool used for cleaning drilled shafts of muck and water.
Scale device used to measure unit weight, specific gravity or density of
slurry.
River bed at interface of water and soil.
A thin cover of crushed stone or concrete placed over a muddy area below
the planned structure to provide a work platform and keep reinforcing clean.
Helical anchor with more than one helix welded to the same shaft or lead.
The number of blows required to drive a 2 in. O.D., 1 3/8 in. I.D., 24 in long,
split soil sampling spoon one foot with a 140 lb. Weight freely falling 30 in.
The count is recorded for each of three six-inch increments. The sum of the
second and third i
A pressure gauge with a needle stem for measuring air or steam pressure
in pressure hose, by puncturing the wall of the hose with the needle stem.
Very small diameter, slender, driven steel tubular or rail section piles used in
underpinning operations.
Colloquial term for pile driven at an angle towards the crane. See Negative
Inclination
Driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is
inclined toward the crane.
Soil resistance acting downward along the side of a deep founation unit,
due to an applied uplift load.
1. Side friction along a pile surface directed downward. 2. Effect of settling
soil that grips a pile by friction and adds a downward weight to the structure
load. Also called Downdrag.
Net measured settlement of pile at top after removal of test load. See
Settlement
The location where equilibrium exists between the sum of downward acting
permanent load applied to the pile and dragload due to negative skin
friction and the sum of upward acting positive shaft resistance and
mobilized toe resistance. The neutral plane
A weldment bracket, typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System,
to provide connection between an installed Helix Screw Pile and the
structure’s surface level foundation components.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is
contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile.
The hammer is supported by a template. Also called Cage, Can Lead,
Chuck Lead, Rope Suspended Lead, Pipe Lead.
1. A device for injecting oil into air or steam lines; also called a lubricator. 2.
Either a man or woman who is responsible on a daily basis, for oiling and
greasing certain pieces of construction and mining equipment.
Lengths of pile expected for the project, ordered by either the owner, A/E or
contractor from the supplier
Rock core sample obtained from a boring on which scribes are made while
in its in-situ location in order to determine the in-situ orientation of the rock
core. Used to determine the orientation of dips and joints in the rock
A three to five-inch shaft of hard steel is set into the lower end of an H-pile
by slitting the shaft or cutting the web of the pile for some distance, and
then welding the shaft to the H-pile. Utilized to secure a toe hold in sloping
rock. Can also be fi
Axial loading test carried out by applying the load with expendable jack and
load cell pre-installed in a cast-in-place bored pile or drilled shaft. Named
after its inventor, Jorj Osterberg.
The difference between the actual amount of concrete placed and the neat
theoretical volume. Usually expressed as a percentage.
Extra length of concrete above design cut-off level of pile, usually formed in
cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts, and barrettes. See also Over-
pour.
The extra amount of concrete placed in a panel or drilled shaft beyond the
theoretical volume, or above the designed cutoff level.
The difference between the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile,
and the theoretical volume of the shaft. See also Grout Factor
Pounds per square inch pressure shown by gage at pressure boiler, air
compressor, air hose, or steam hose.
The total downward movement of the pile caused by the hammer blow
before rebound.
Depth or length of pile specified to theoretically develop the required load
bearing or uplift capacity of the soil, the required lateral strength or reach a
desired bearing strata
1. The gross movement of the pile less the rebound from the hammer blow.
2. Net measured settlement after unload from a test
A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to
indicate approximate load-bearing strength of the pile. Often called Dutch
Cone Penetrometer
See Anvil
Plug-like device used to clean out a pipeline. Also used in a tremie pipe to
keep concrete separate from water or slurry at the start of placement. See
also Go Devil
A slender deep foundation unit, made of wood, steel, or concrete, or
combinations thereof, which is either pre-manufactured and placed by
driving, jacking, jetting, or screwing, or cast-in-situ in a hole formed by
driving, excavating, or boring. A pile c
See PDA
See Drive Cap
Protective cover for a steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at
the water or ground line, where all typed of piles are most vulnerable to
corrosion and insect attack
A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or
air hammer with yoke equipped to transmit upward blows to the pile body or
a specially built extractor utilizing this principle. Vibratory hammers are
especially effective. All e
See Pile Line.
An equation by which the static resistance or the allowable load of a pile
may be estimated from the driving record of the pile. See Dynamic Formula.
The piles and the structural members designed and installed primarily to
transmit loads directly from a superstructure to the soil or rock stratum
some distance below the ground surface which is capable of supporting the
load.
See Skid Rig.
A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed arund the pile
to maintain alignment between the pile and the leads
A wire rope used to lift a pile and hold it while being placed in the leads; one
of the hoisting lines on a crane, assigned to pile handling. Also called Pile
Fall.
See Load Test, Test Pile
A tree trunk, usually debarked, driven into the ground. It may be pressure
impregnated with creosote, pentachlorophenol, or chromated copper
arsenate or ammoniacal copper arsenate
A thick concrete slab-like foundation supported by piles. Usually used for
tall buildings with high loading
The contractor, frequently a subcontractor, who specializes in installing
piles.
A pile used to provide vertical support to bracing members. See Micropiles.
See Blowing
The part of the falling weight in a power pile hammer which is fitted with
piston rings. See Ram
An instrument for a pile integrity testing in the field. The test includes: an
accelerometer and a strain gauge (optional). In general, an accelerometer
is placed on the top of the pile prior to testing. The top of the pile is struck
axially with a hamm
The distance between the leading and trailing edge of the helix on a Helix
pile.
Positioning the pile in the leads for driving. See Lofting
1. Concrete consisting of cement, bentonite, aggregates, additives and
water intended to provide minimal strength, a low modulus of elasticity and
high strain prior to failure. 2. Concrete that has not yet set.
A vertical pile
See Hairpin Lead, Telescope Lead, Spud Lead, and Beam Lead.
Steel plate, provided with numerous steel studs, straps or bars welded to
the plate, intended to be embedded in a wall to provide shear or tensile
capacity to a connection to the wall.
Pressure in the water and gas present in the voids between the soil grains,
minus the atmospheric pressure.
See Refusal.
1. Boring through obstructions or materials too dense to penetrate with the
planned pile type. This is commonly done for displacment piles in stiff clays
where heave may occur. 2. Exploratory drilling to elevations below utility
lines to locate and minimi
See Dieseling
See Dieseling
pile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or section
of the works for the purpose of
establishing the suitability of the chosen type of pile, driving equipment
and/or for confirming the design,
dimensions and bearing capacity
Application of a predetermined load on a brace or anchor support.
Omnidirectional force per unit area (Compare stress)
A drive cap that requires an adapter for different shapes of piles. It is used
only with an adapter
Slurry Wall panel constructed with end forming devices at both ends.
See Indicator Pile
Pile which is part of a specified pile foundation, as opposed to a preliminary
test pile.
The number of piles which can be installed in a defined period of time, i.e.
piles driven per 8 hour day
A maintained pile load test with time intervals less than 20 minutes between
adding load increments. (reference ASTM D1143).
A condition rather than a type of soil. Generally, a fine granular soil
temporarily super-saturated with rising water and acting as a fluid under
pressure. See Liquefaction
Symbol for piling capacity in tons. Example; 2R is a term meaning twice
design capacity
See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil
Usually three recycled railroad rails with edges of their bases welded
together and the heads out, driven as a unit
A pile serving as a guide for locating piles or other structures, or for marine
surveying or dredging.
See Wale
The specified operation speed for a pile hammer in blows per minute
Trade name for a spirally corrugated light gauge shell made in 4 to 16 ft.
sections of increasing diameter to form a step-tapered pile.
Reverse Circulation Drilling
See Anchor Pile
A tool attached to the drilling bucket or auger to cut or enlarge the bell at the
base of a drilled shaft or caisson.
See Cage
1. Amount of upward movement of the head of a pile following a blow from
the hammer, by reason of the elastic properties of the pile as well as of the
soils into which it is driven. Also called Temporary Compression. 2. The
upward movement of the head of
The sum total of all the forces that oppose the penetration of a pile under a
hammer blow or a static force.
The factor used for decreasing a soil resistance; See Factored resistance.
Driving (striking) a previously driven pile with the same hammer to observe
increase (setting) or decrease (relaxation) in pile support capacity.
Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and
erosion
Pile toe protection point specifically designed to develop a toe hold on rock,
or to improve penetration into boulder infested soils.
A measure of the degree of fracturing in rock cores defined as the ratio of
the accumulated lengths (minimum 100 mm) of sound rock over the total
core length.
A special type of pile shoe.
That portion of the pile bore which penetrates into a hard formation beneath
less competent overburden. See Drilled-in-Caisson
Trade name for a device for remote measuring of the stroke of an open-end
diesel hammer
Southern Building Code.
The specific identification of what, to what standards, and where activity is
to be accomplished to fulfill an agreement to perform a task and be
compensated for said performance to complete a project.
To erode soils such as from a river bank or around and under a pier by the
circular orbits or fast flow of water
1. The net penetration of a pile into the ground per blow or specific series of
blows of a pile hammer. 2. The final penetration of a pile or final set,
expressed in inches or millimeters per blow.
The downward movement of a foundation unit or soil layer due to rapidly or
slowly occuring compression of the soils located below the foundation unit
or soil layer, when the compression is caused by an increase of effective
stress due to an applied load o
U-shaped drop-forged cast steel fitting with locking pin for attaching cable
or chain lifting device to a load.
Soil resistance acting downward along the pile shaft because of an applied
uplift load.
Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft because of an applied
compressive load.
Colloquial term for inclination of a pile left or right from the boom direction
A part of a pile hammer fitted to the sides of the hammer which engage the
rails of a set of leads to hold the mammer in the leads. Also called Angle
Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws Ways, Side Guides.
A lubricator containing a view of the oil flow, which is installed in the fluid
line to supply oil to lubricate a pile hammer. See Oiler.
A fine residual soil or alluvial sediment of mud or fine soil deposited from
running or standing water. Feels velvety, smooth and floury between the
fingers. Silt particles range in size from 0.002 to 0.074 mm.
A pile hammer in which motive fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and
gravity alone acts on the down stroke.
The metes and bounds of an area of earth designated for a project.
Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft caused by swelling of the
soil that induces tension in the pile.
An extension fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the leads of
template supported timber, pipe, concrete or H-pile to keep the hammer
centered upon, and in vertical alignment with, the pile to permit the
hammer's operation free hanging.
A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes on the sleeve.
An inside sleeve decreases the I.D. at the splice while maintaining the pipe
O.D.
A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes into a force-fit
sleeve. An outside sleeve increases the O.D.
A pile driven into the earth to consolidate the soil and help to prevent it from
sliding down a slope.
Small hole cut in a pile for attachment of a shackle for handling.
Pipe device installed vertically in the wall or adjacent ground used to guide
a slope-measuring device (inclinometer), which measures wall or ground
movement.
A maintained pile load test with time intervals greater than 20 minutes. See
MLT.
Serviceablity Limit States.
Fine sedimental soil material still consolidating in underwater conditions.
See Drilled-in-Caisson.
The portion of the earth's crust which is fragmentory, or such that some
individual particles of a dried sample can be readily separated by agitation
in water; it includes boulders, cobbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic
matter.
A high-strength steel tendon installed in the earth with anchoring provision
in soil that will resist movement and prestressed against a wall by an
anchoring device. See Appendix C.
A small diameter hole drilled into the soil for the purposes of obtaining earth
samples and exploring the subsurface conditions.
The complete record of what was found from drilling one soil exploration
hole.
A drilled and grouted steel element advanced into the ground to reinforce
and stabilize a soil mass.
An earth retention system utilizing soil nails and a structural facing, typically
shortcrete, to create a stable soil mass having a vertical or near vertical
exposed face.
A soil stabilization method that involves installing closely spaced Soil Nails
in the soil/rock face to increase its overall shear strength.
Old term for density of material divided by density of water. See Solid
density.
Project-specific requirements indicating applicable codes, standards, and
guidelines. Normally, Performance Specifications stipulate the end-results
without detailing how to achieve them, whereas Compliance Specifications
detail mandatory methods, materi
See Brace.
A small wooden peg, hence a spile or pile.
Strip steel or plate turned into an open pipe with the longitudinal (spiral)
joint welded into a tight seam.
The joint of two pile segments.
The blows of a 140 lb hammer falling 30 in. onto a 2 in. O.D. x 1 3/8 in. I.D.
split-spoon sampler. See N Value.
See Brace.
An enlarged foundation under a column or load to reduce the total bearing
stress per square foot to carry the load directly upon the soil or rock.
See Brace.
The surveying act of putting stakes in the ground where the piles are to be
driven.
Prefabricated steel or concrete columns pre-installed in bored piles or
drilled shafts to be used as support for Top-Down construction of below-
grade structures.
See N Value.
Proprietary name for a method of load testing a pile in which load is applied
to the pile through a pressure chamber by burning solid fuel. Unloading
occurs by controlled venting of pressure. Calibrated to provide equivalent
static load-deflection plot.
Usually two horizontal timbers placed on opposite sides of a row of piles
and drawn together by bolts to pull the piles into line.
A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The
width and depth are approximately equal. Also called H-Beam.
Pipe in any wall thickness or diameter; it may be driven closed end or open
end. Also called Tube Pile
A cast-in-place concrete pile formed by installing successively larger
sections of corrugated shell or thin-wall pile; ordinarily installed with a
mandrel that bears on a connector between lengths. A cuneiform pile.
Plates welded between flanges of structural shapes to reinforce against
concentrated loading, as for testing.
See Brace.
Coarse crushed stone or gravel injected into poor bearing soil by jetting and
vibro-displacement to improve carrying capacity. See Vibroflotation.
See Banding.
A surface loading that is additional to the soil load behind a retaining wall.
See illustration #6
The professional responsible for determining and locating in the field the
horizontal and vertical coordinates for the project, as defined by the design
engineer.
A thin wall pipe pile with bottom closed by a slightly tapered precast point.
Driving is done by a mandrel on the point, dragging the pile down-with an
assist from a shoulder on the exact length mandrel. See Caudill Drive Point
Pile. Also called core d
See Leads, Swinging.
See Lead, Cardonic.
A proprietary name for tapered steel piles, usually having twelve(12) sides
and fitted with a cast steel driving point. The pile is filled with concrete after
installation. This pile is designed to carry heavy loads in friction in poor soils
and is top dr
See Caisson Hammer.
A heavy device with hydraulic rams attached to several individual sheet
piles; rams are operated separately to push or pull a sheet while others
furnish reaction.
A structure which holds a pile hammer in box leads that are wider than the
hammer, and permits extended driving by carrying the hammer beyond the
bottom of the leads. Also called Hairpin, Pony Leads.
Metal rod used to measure vertical movement of test pile at pre-specified
depth in comparison with movement of pile head at different applied
loadings.
Shoring system used primarily to provide soil and water retention during
construction, and not utilized in the permanent construction.
Part of a tieback or a tiedown consisting of prestressing steel, anchorage,
corrosion protection, sheathing and coating (if required), spacers and
centralizers
Corrugated shell or thin pipe, concrete filled, driven with aid of mandrel.
See Swage Pile, Helical Shell.
The property exhibited by a slurry that gels when undisturbed and returns to
a viscous fluid when stirred or agitated.
See Lace.
A quick-acting valve mounted in the motive fluid line used to control the flow
of fluid to a steam/air pile hammer.
A cut tree, usually debarked, and pressure treated with creosote or other
preservative, usually driven small end down. Probably the earliest form of
pile.
See Anvil.
See Head Block.
See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil
See Anvil.
The energy transferred to the pile head and determined as the integral over
time of the product of force, velocity, and pile impedance.
1. Placing concrete below water or slurry level through a pipe, the lower
end of which is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that the rising concrete
from the bottom displaces the water or slurry without washing out cement
content. 2. The hopper and drop
Concrete placed by the tremie method.
1. The maximum load which a single pile will support. 2. The load at which
unacceptable movement of the pile begins to occur.
The maximum load, computed as a total load or as a load per pile, which
the foundation will support without unacceptable movement. See Safe
Load.
See ULS
A soil classification system based on grain size distribution, liquid limit and
plasticity index of the soil.
The weight per unit volume of a material such as soil, water, concrete, etc.
Typically expressed as pounds per cubic foot, grams per cubic centimeter,
or kilograms per cubic meter.
Use of the top-down method to excavate the basement while
simultaneously constructing the superstructure.
The resistance of piles to pulling out of the ground. The ability of a pile to
resist uplift and overturn forces due to wind and hydrostatic pressure. See
Anchor Pile.
The total volume occupied by a soil mass includes the soil particles plus
void spaces (which in nature always exist between the particles because of
their irregular shape). The void ratio is the ratio of the void space volume to
the volume of soil solids
Timber sheet piles consisting of three planks bolted or spiked together, with
the middle plank offset so as to form a tongue along one edge and a
corresponding groove on the other. See Sheet Pile.
1. A horizontal structural member placed along a line of piles or support
system to accept the load from the piles or sheets and transmit it to struts,
shoring or other bracing. 2. A rubbing strip or fender on the face of docks.
The ratio of the quantity (by weight) of water in a given volume of soil mass
to the weight of the soil solids, typically expressed as a percentage.
See Jetting.
The subsurface elevation at which water will usually be present. Also called
Groundwater.
The ratio of the weight of mix water to the weight of cementitious elements
(cement and fly ash).
Prefabricated vertical drain installed into the ground for the purpose of
speeding up consolidation of fine-grained soils. The wick drain attached to a
small anchor plate is installed with the assistance of a tubular mandrel. The
mandrel is installed by v
Rolled structural steel section in an H shape but with greater depth than
flange width, and flanges thicker than the web. See Steel H-Pile.
Short length or strips of steel welded near the toe of a steel H-pile to
increase its bearing capacity.
A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which a slurry of stabilising
reagent is injected to the desired depth of stabilisation through the stem of a
hollow auger shaft either during penetration or withdrawal. This process can
form a single column or group
poussée des terres aktiver Erddruck empuje activo de spinta attiva del
tierras terreno
adaptateur Verbindungsstück adaptador adattatore, pezzo di
connessione
adjuvant Zusatzmittel aditivo additivo
cadre triangulaire
inclinaison arrière
extraction/élévateur à
air comprimé
sas à air
enclume
atomisation, par
injection
Equipement de
commande
automatique
remblai Hinterfüllung, relleno chiudere, riempire,
Verfüllung riempimento
pelle rétrocaveuse ziehend arbeitender retroexcavadora escavatore a braccio
Löffelbagger rovescio
bague d'appui
cloison portante
fond rocheux, assise Felsuntergrund roca firme roccia di base
rocheuse
cloche
aufgeweiteter ancoraggio a
Injektionsanker campana
Bohrpfahl mit cassone a campana
Fußaufweiterung
flexion Biegung flexión flessione
moment fléchissant Biegemoment momento flector momento flettente
bentonite Bentonit bentonita bentonite
ressuage/ségrégation
bollard
boulon Bolzen perno vite, bullone
adhérence du béton
longueur engagée
capot/abat-vent
bôme, drome Ausleger, Trägergurt rimbombo braccio
crevage de piliers
flambement Knicken pandeo deformazione,
schiacciamento
bâtiment Gebäude, Bauwerk edificio costruzione, edificio
injection de Hohlraumverfüllung
comblement
rideau de palplanches Verbau, Schott, ataguia de pared muratura di sostegno
Böschungsmauer
grappin
Bloc de garniture
matériaux
d'amortissement
Bloc de garniture
capillarite Kapillarität capilaridad capillarità
bague d'appui
fleuret, burin Meißel cincel, puntero scalpello a
percussione
cale
Guide de mandrin
foret à
percussion/foreuse à
câble
coupeuse d'argile
clavette/liteau
compactage
revêtement en béton
joint de retrait
pieux en bois traités à Holzpfahl mit Creosot pilotes de madera pali in legno
la créosote imprägniert creosotada lubrificato (con
creosoto)
équipe de montage
cabane/hutte
découpage/décolletag
e
cyclone
Facteur
d'amortissement
installation de
désablage
dessiccation Austrocknung desecación disseccazione
dessiccation Austrocknung desecación disseccazione
conception, projet Bemessung, Entwurf, diseño progetto
Konstruktion
variation
appareil Vorrichtung aparato attrezzatura
épuisement/assèchem Wasserhaltung, agotamiento prosciugamento,
ent Entwässerung aggottamento
écran/diaphragme Scheibe, diafragma, pantalla diaframma
Abschlußwand,
flexible Dichtung
rideau souterrain
marteau diesel
cognement comme un
diesel
digue/barrage
palplanches doubles
cheviller
saignée d'écoulement
boulon de serrage
casque d'ajustement
serré
fréquence
d'attaque/fréquence
pilote
point d'application
rapporte de battage Rammprotokoll parte de hinca rapporto d'infissione
remblayage à sec
méthode par voie
sèche
force dynamique
tarière
moment excentrique
encastrement
emboîtement
palier de bout
orifices d'échappement
pieu expansé
extension, spirale
extenssomètre/jauge
de contrainte
résistance externe du Herausziehwiderstan resistenza esterna di
tirant d des Ankers ancoraggio
charge pondérée
résistance pondérée
faux pieu
butoirs/heurtoirs
perte de produit de
filtrage
marteau mobile
chef d'équipe
formation Formung, Aufbau, formación formazione
Schichtung
fondation Gründung, cimentación, fondazione
Fundament cimiento
fracture Bruch fractura frattura
treillis Rahmen pórtico telaio
gel, gelée
fossé couvert/drain à
cailloux/drainage par
rigoles remplies de
matières filtrantes
action du gel
réglette de
guidage/clavette de
calage
traverse
d'échafaudage
argile à moraines
furet/scraper
grappin
gradation Abstufung, granulometría gradazione
Kornverteilung
treillis de poutres
poutres croisées
Fundament mit emparrillado piattaforma di
Profileisenraster fondazione reticolo di
fondazione
sable grossier
en épi
surface de le nappe
souterraine
butoirs/heurtoirs
hauban
sol dur impénétrable fester Boden costra cementada, hardpan, livello molto
oberhalb von "hardpan" cementato, crosta
gewachsenem Fels dura
installation de Transportgeräte material de attrezzatura
transporte transporte d'avanzamento
risque Gerfahr riesgo pericolo, rischio
poutre en double
T/poutre en I
coin de serrage
point d'ancrage
hélicoïdal
faux pieu/casque de
battage
Conductivité
Marteau hydraulique
pression du
liquide/chute d'eau
glace et neige Eis und Schnee hielo y nieve ghiaccio e neve
impédance
pieu incliné
boussole
d'inclinaison/inclinomèt
re
index Inhaltsverzeichnis, índice indice
Index
ligne d'influence
jetée/brise-lames/môle
tige
contre-poids
clavette
kilonewton
pieu central
poinçon de faîte
kilopound/1000 livres
brêler
brêlage
pieu enrobé
bouillie de ciment
charge latérale
pression latérale Seitendruck presión lateral pressione laterale,
spinta laterale
fluidification
ciment à faible chaleur Zement mit niedriger cemento de bajo cemento a basso
d'hydratation Abbindewärme calor de hidratación calore d'idratazione
mandrin/burin
mélangé sur place an Ort und Stelle mezclado "in situ" mescolato in posto,
gemischt miscelato insito
mélangeur Mischer mesclador, agitador miscelatore,
mescolatore
installation de mélange
montmorillonite
pieu d'amarrage
tourteau de filtration
poutre à aiguille
espacement des
aiguilles
ligne de limite
d'écoulement
graisseur/lubrificateur
pieu oméga
pression
manométrique en psi
coussin/patin
panneau Schlitzwandelement pannello
dimension des grains Teilchengröße dimensión de los granulometria,
granos dimensione delle
particelle
vitesse des grains
croc à levier/grappin
écorcé/déroulé
rendement mécanique
engin de
battage/membre du
personnel de l'équipe
de battage
battage de pieux Pfahlrammen hinca de pilotes infissione di pali,
battitura di pali
arrache-pieux
mal calibré, -- trié schlecht abgestuft, mal graduado mal gradato, assortito
schlecht gekörnt
Panneau à
précontrainte
postérieure
précontrainte
postérieure/post-
tension
groupe/centrale
hydraulique
présondage Vorbohrung sondeo previo preforo
pré-allumage/auto-
allumage
étude préliminaire Voruntersuchung estudio preliminar indagine preliminare
hauteur de la chute
d'eau/charge d'eau
précontrainte
précontrainte
étançon oblique
pieu incliné
pilon, dame Ramme pisón battipalo,
mazzapicchio,
pestello
rebond
refus
boulons d'ancrage Felsanker, Felsnagel perno para roca bullone per roccia
fleuret en losange
torsadé
marge de sécurité
panneau secondaire
matière en suspension
stabilisation
égout Abwasserleitung colector, desagüe fogna
manille
palplanche
bouclier
taret/terrède/ver de
bateaux
plan/dessin
d'exécution
étayage Abstützung apuntalamiento puntellamento
tamis
palplanche vérinée
Jupe
vase/fange
ancrage/scellement
sondage de sol
carotte de sondage
géologue
investigation Bodenaufschluß reconocimiento del esplorazione del
terreno terreno
Stahlträgerbohlenver berlinaise
bau, Berliner
Bauweise
point de
jonction/jointure
perforateur à
percussion/trépan
perforation
stabilité Stabilität estabilidad stabilità
étançon/contre-
fiche/soutien
direction/orientation
fil à plomb
traverse
pompe de puisard
arpenteur/ingénieur
géomètre
brocher
clapet de
réglage/vanne
régulatrice à papillon
tolérance
plaque porte-nez
terre végétale Mutterboden tierra vegetal terreno superficiale
méthode hiérarchisée
couple
trépan/foret à
couronne
1. pont monté sur
échafaudage
2. appareil
déclencheur
dalle armée selon zweiachsig losa armada en dos soletta armata in due
deux directions gespannte Platte direcciones direzione
vibrofonceur
fonçage des pieux par Pfhleinrütteln hinca de pilotes por infissione a
vibration vibración vibrazione
compactage par
vibrations
vibroflottation Rütteldruckverfahren vibroflotación vibroflottazione
surface de la nappe
souterraine
fluctuation de la nappe Schwankung des oscilación del nivel fluttuazioni della
aquifère, phréatique Grundwasserspiegels freático superficie di falda
sols sans consistance Boden mit geringer suelo blando terreno poco
Tragfähigkeit resistente
môle/brise-lames
à larges ailes ou
semelles
manchon Koppelelement/Muffe
Injektiongut
Verpressmörtal/Feink
ornbeton
PORTUGESE DUTCH RUSSIAN
aditivo toeslagstof
aluvião Alluvium/Holoceen
ancoragem anker
trado avegaar
retroscavadora getrokken
laadschop
limpadeira puls
carga funderingsdruk
firme, sào (diepe,
draagkrachtige)
rotslaag
parafuso bout
resistencia de aanhechtingssterkt
aderencia e
escora stempelen
regulamento de bouwvoorschrift
construção
estaleiro bouwplaats
impulsão opdrijven
estacas-pranchas em onverankerde
consola damwand
capilaridade capilairiteit
cavidade holte
centrifugadora centrifuge
trepano snijtand
(graafwerktuig)
escavadora de schelpvormige
mandibulas grijper
argila klei
grosseiro grofkorrelig
grosseiro grofkorrelig
calhau rolado (burgau, kei, steen
godo)
ensecadeira kistdam
coesão cohesie
incoerente niet-cohesief
coloides colloïd
compactar verdichten
compatibilidade verdichtbaarheid
injecção de compaction
compactação grouting
estacas de verdichtingspaal
compactação (zoals een stone
column)
estacas mistas combinatiepaal
compressor compressor
consolidar consolideren
contentor container
empreiteiro aannemer
explosão controlada gecontroleerd
springen (opblazen
met explosieven)
fissura scheur
fluir kruip
limite de fluência kruipmaat
cortina de waterkerend
estanquidade scherm
almofada
almofada dempen
cilindro cylinder
barragem dam
tempo de queda de
pulsação
rocha alterada verweerd gesteente
descompressão drukafname
profundidade da aanlegdiepte
fundação
profundidade de indringingsdiepte
penetração
exsicaça, secagem
exsicação, secagem uitdroging
projecto ontwerp(berekenin
g)
pormenores details
deterioração uiteenvallen
detonação opblazen, doen
springen
aparelho apparaat
por a sêco o cabouco, ontwatering,
drenagem bemaling
diafragma membraan
(diepwand)
assentamento verschilzetting
diferencial
declive depressie
(geologie)
desintegração uiteenvallen
deslocamento verplaatsing
injecção provocando verdringend
deslocamento do solo grouten
ensecadeira de kistdam
parede
arrastar ww.: sleuren,
hangen; zn.: dreg
colher de arrasto dragline
deriva
furar boren
furação boren
registro de cravaçao
pilão valblok
durabilidade duurzaamheid
dique dijk
excentricidade excentriciteit
pressão efectiva effectieve
spanning,
korrelspanning
módulo de elasticiteitsmodulus
elasticidade
electrodo electrode
electro-osmose electro-osmose
entubamento coating
(corrosiebeschermi
ng)
engenharia ontwerpen
equilibrio evenwicht
equipamento equipment
evaporação verdamping
material escavado ontgraven grond
escavação ontgraving
escavadora graafmachine
sobrepressão water overspanning
hidrostática
explosivos explosief
resistência externa houdkracht van het
duma ancoragem anker
(grondmechanisch)
extracção uittrekken
coeficiente de veiligheidsfactor
segurança
rotura bezwijken
carga de rotura bezwijkbelasting
enchimento aanvullen
flutuação flotation
sapata fundament
fundação fundering
fractura breuk, scheur
pórtico frame
frequencia frequentie
gelo vorst
instrumento de opnemer
medida, bitola,
calibrador
geologia geologie
exploração geofisica geofysische
exploratie
geotecnico geotechniek
niveladora shovel
moer slijpen
equipamento de diepladers
transporte
risco levensgevaarlijke
situatie
heterogeneo heterogeen
homogeneo homogeen
hidrologia hydrologie
gelo e neve ijs en sneeuw
impermeavel
impermeavel ondoordringbaar,
ondoorlatend
tapete impermeavel ondoorlatende laag
indice index
endurecido, verhard
concrecionado
deformação não linear inelastische
vervorming/deform
atie
infiltração infiltratie
instrumentação instrumentatie
intergranular intergranulaire
macaco vijzel
junta verbinding
terra land
escorregamento aardverschuiving
camada laag
deslavar loog
perda por infiltração lekkage
manga bekleding
carregadora wiellader
curva de carga-
assentamento
eclusa slot
força de ankerschot,
bloqueamento ankerwand
lubrificar smeermiddel
aterro aangebrachte
grond
ensaio de carga test met
aangehouden
belasting
marga mergel
pantano moeras
microestaca micropile
junta de microestaca micopile koppeling
minerais mineraal
modulo de elasticiteitsmodulus
elasticidade
argamassa mortel
variegado, gevlekt
heterógeneo
vasa, lama
mamilo nippel
ensaios nao- nietdestructief
destrutivos onderzoek
injecção sem
deslocamento de solo
normalmente normaal
adensado geconsolideerd
sobreescavação extrauitgraving
sobreescavação verspilld materiaal
recobrimento overdruk
sobreconsolidado overgeconsolideerd
sobrecarga overbelasting
sobretensão overspanning
painel paneel
dimensão dos grãos afmetingen deeltje
injecção de groutinjectie
penetração
registo de penetração indringingsregistrati
e
resistencia à indringweerstand
penetração
penetrómetro penetrometer
percolação percolatie
terreno permafrost
permanentemente
gelado
ancoragem definitiva blijvend naker
permeabilidade doorlatendheid
injecção de impregnerend
impregnação grouten
piezometro waterspanningsmet
er
estaca paal
bate-estacas heiframe
alinhamento de pijplijn
condutas, tubagem
erosão interna piping, sifonwerking
poço bouwput
materiais de vrijgekomen
mineração materiaal
superficie de menor afglijdvlak
resisténcia
deformação plana vlakke
spanningstoestand
polimero polymeer
encher de água vijver
précompressão voordruk
préconsolidação preconsolidatie
pressão de pré- preconsolidatiedruk
adensamento
préfabricação prefabricatie
pré-carga voorbelasten
manómetro drukopnemer
pré-esforçar voorspanning
protecção bescherming
revestimentos beschemende laag
protectores
ensaio de trektest
arrancamento
bomba pomp
betão bombado gepompt beton
pedreira groeve
quartzo kwarts
cais kade
muro de cais kademuur
sifonamento vloeiconditie
cal viva vloeiend kalk
areia movediça drijfzand
maço
maço heiblok
taquimetro snelheidsindicator
velocidade de belastingssnelheid
aplicação de carga
broqueado, alargado met verlengde boor
geboord
curva de ontlastingskrome
empolamento, de
descarga
recarregar herladen
recompressão hercompressie
recuperação herstel
resina
enrocamento de steenaanvulling
protecção
chumbadoros em rotsanker
rocha
enrocamento steenaanvulling
coeficiente de veiligheidsfactor
segurança
sais zouten
amostra monster,
monstername
remeximento de monsterverstoring
amostra
areia zand
escarpa verhang
infra-escavação uitspoelen
scraper scraper
peneiro zeef
selar afdichten
sucção doorsnede
rocha sedimentar sedimentgesteente
percolação
fluxo de percolação
sismometro seismometer
sensor sensor
análise de zettingsanalyse
assentamentos
curva de zettingskromme
assentamentos
medição de zettingsmeting
assentamentos
placa para medição zettingsplaat
de assentamentos
poço schacht
diâmetro do fuste paaldoorsnede,
paaldiameter
xisto schiste
trincheira pouco ondiepe ontgraving
profunda
fundação superficial fundering op staal
corta-aguas em damwandscherm
estacas-pranchas
cortina de estacas- damwand
pranchas
estaca-prancha keerwand
escoramento afschoring,
stempeling
betáo projectado spuitbeton
pá shovel
contracção, retracção krimp
atrito lateral plaatselijke wrijving
silica silica
silte silt
decantar
ardosia
deslizamento glijden
superficie de glijdvlak
deslizamento
talude helling
assentamento slump
prospecção grondonderzoek
espaçador afstandhouder
espaçamento afstand
vão overspanning
peso especifico specifiek gewicht
especificação specificatie
provete, amostra proefmonster
ensoleiramento fundering-op-staal
ressurgencia, bron
nascente
estabilidade stabiliteit
aço staal
rigidez stijfheid
deformação rek
extensometro rekmeter
concentração de spanningsconcentr
tensoes atie
distribuição de spanningsverdeling
tensoes
escora stempel
subleito ondergrond
sucção aanzuigen
ensaio de controlo geschiktheidstest
fossa pompput
apoio support,
ondersteuning
fluido de escavação steunvloeistof
sobrecarga voorbelasting
força de superficie oppervlaktekracht
suspensão suspensie
temperatura temperatuur
ancoragem provisória tijdelijk anker
armadura verankering
comprimento de verankeringslengte
selagem duma
armadura
comprimento livre vrije ankerlengte
duma armadura
tensão trek
textura bodemstructuur,
textuur
teoria theorie
propriedades termicas thermische
eigenschappen
marés getijden
tirante ancorado verankering
tirante trekstang
ensaio de compressão
nao-adensado e nao-
drenado
dreno subterraneo,
inferior
subterraneo ondergrond
estaca de base
alargada
infiltração infiltratie
subaquatico onderwater
coeficiente de ongelijkvormigheids
uniformidade coefficient
solo uniformemente bodem met
graduado gelijkmatige
korrelverdeling
baridade
subpressão opdrijvingsdruk
trado-molinete vanetest-apparaat
argila estratificada
extensometro de trillingsmeter
corda vibrante
vibração trillingen
viscosidade viscociteit
exame visual visuele inspectie,
visueel onderzoek
vazio holle ruimte, poriën
vulcão vulkaan
volume volume, inhoud
variação de volume volumeverandering
sondagem por
injecçao
impermeável waterdicht
madeira hout
estaca de madeira houten paal
preservativos para houtconservering
madeira
praticabilidade, verwerkbaarheid
trabalhabilidade