University of Sulaimani

College of Dentistry
Third stage

Vincent Stomatitis

Prepared by: Supervised by:

1. Marwan Farhad Dr. Rebin
2. Ari Ismael
3. Mohammed Kareem
4. Kamran Mohammed
5. Rawa Qadir

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Objectives: -
• Introduction
• Diagnoses
• Treatment
• Cases

Vincent Stomatitis
Introduction: -
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*Vincent stomatitis: This is trench mouth, a progressive painful infection with ulceration, swelling
and sloughing off of dead tissue from the mouth and throat due to the spread of infection from the
gums caused by a buildup of bacteria in the mouth. It’s characterized by painful, bleeding gums and
ulcers in the gums.
As with most poorly understood diseases, Vincent stomatitis goes by many other names including
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), acute membranous gingivitis, fusospirillary
gingivitis, fusospirillosis, fusospirochetal gingivitis,Vincent gingivitis, and Vincent infection.
*This condition is also called Vincent's angina after the French physician Henri Vincent (1862-
1950). The word "angina" comes from the Latin "angere" meaning "to choke "
The term trench mouth can be traced back to World War I, when it was common for soldiers to
experience severe gum problems because they didn’t have access to dental care while in battle
Trench mouth is most common in teenagers and younger adults. It’s a serious condition, but it’s rare.
It’s most common in underdeveloped nations and areas with poor nutrition and living conditions
**Causes:-
*Certain germs (including fusiform bacteria and spirochetes) have been thought to be involved, but
the full story behind this long- known disease is still not clear. Your mouth naturally contains
microorganisms, including fungi, viruses and bacteria. If your immune system, which fights
infections, is weak, its ability to fight harmful bacteria is lowered. This can result in trench mouth,
where harmful bacteria grow out of control, causing infection of your gums. This infection can
damage or destroy the delicate gum tissue (gingiva) that surrounds and supports your teeth.
Large ulcers, often filled with bacteria, food debris and decaying tissue, may form on your gums,
leading to severe pain, bad breath and a foul taste in your mouth. Exactly how these bacteria destroy
gum tissue isn’t known, but it’s likely that enzymes and toxins produced by the bacteria play a role.

diagnoses: -
A dentist can usually diagnose trench mouth during an examination. Your dentist may gently prod
your gums to see how easily they bleed when poked. They may also order X-rays to see if the
infection has spread to the bone beneath your gums.

**The following signs and symptoms are very useful in the diagnosis of gum disease during routine
checkups:
*Severe gum pain
*Pain when eating or swallowing

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*Bleeding from gums when they’re pressed even slightly
*Red or swollen gums
*Gray film on your gums
*Crater-like sores (ulcers) between your teeth and on your gums
*Foul taste in your mouth
*Bad breath
*Fever and fatigue (malaise)
*Swollen lymph nodes around your head, neck or jaw

**Risk factors of Vincent Stomatitis

Poor dental hygiene :Failing to brush and floss regularly can lead to a buildup of plaque and debris
that help harmful bacteria thrive.
Poor nutrition :Not getting enough nutrients can make it difficult for your body to fight infection.
Malnourished children in developing countries are particularly at risk of trench mouth.
smoking or chewing tobaccoo: these can harm the blood vessels of your gums, making it easier for
bacteria to thrive.
stress :Emotional stress can weaken your immune system, making it difficult for your body’s natural
defenses to keep harmful bacteria in check.
Weaken immune system :People with illnesses that weaken the immune system or who are
undergoing treatment that can suppress the immune system are at higher risk because their bodies
may not be able to fight infections well. These may include people with HIV/AIDS, cancer or
mononucleosis.
Infection of the mouth, teeth or throat :If you already have an active infection, such as gingivitis,
and don’t treat it effectively, the infection can progress into trench mouth.
Other risk factors include:
HIV and aids
diabetes

**Examinations include:-
* Measuring the gums: A dentist or dental hygienist will use a periodontal probe to measure the
depths of the pockets around all of the teeth in the mouth generally once per calendar year. Healthy
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gums will have pockets 1 mm-3 mm deep. Beyond that, the deeper the pockets, the more severe the
disease.
* Taking X-rays: Dental X-rays, particularly bitewing X-rays, will help show the level of the
underlying bone and whether any bone has been lost to periodontal disease.
* Examining sensitive teeth: Teeth that have become sensitive around the gum line may indicate
areas of receding gums.
* Check for loose teeth: Teeth may become loose due to bone loss or an incorrect bite.
* Checking the gums: A dentist or hygienist will look for red, swollen, or bleeding gums.