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Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)
Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)
Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)
Interaction
AE4117
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering
Aerodynamics Group, Building 64, room 0.39
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Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)
• Examination: two exercises and oral examination
Exercises: (40% of grade)
First exercise available on Brightspace 20-2 (deadline hand-in 13-3)
Second exercise available on Brightspace 6-3 (deadline hand-in 27-3)
Exercises can be done in groups of maximum 3 students.
Missing the deadline:
One week late: 0,5 point deduction of exercise grade
• Today:
• Examples of real-world and computational FSI
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Examples of possibly dangerous FSIs
3
FSI: (Dynamic) interaction between flows
and deforming structures
4
Simulation of FSI of aircraft
5
Vortex shedding behind flapping wing
6
Steady and flutter behavior of a plate
14
7
FSI: requires solving the fluid on a
deforming domain
15
16
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Coupling diagram of flow and structure
Interface Moving
displacement domain
Interface forces
How to interpolate
between meshes
Interface Moving How to solve
displacement How to deform
fluid mesh
domain fluid flow
equations
Interface forces
How to interpolate
between meshes
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Coupled fluid and structure equations
• Structural system:
∂2 q ∂q
M 2
+ D + Kq = Finterface
∂t ∂t
d dx
• Fluid system: ∫ W dV +
∫ S(t ) (F(W ) − W dt ) ⋅ n dS = 0
dt V (t )
• Conservation laws:
• Conservation of mass
• Conservation of momentum
• Conservation of energy
• Navier-Stokes equations
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Conservation principles, control mass
With ΩCV is the CV, SCV is the surface enclosing the CV, n is the unit normal orthogonal to S directed
outwards, v is the fluid velocity
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Lagrangian versus Eulerian approach
• Lagrangian approach very suitable for problems with changing
geometry (mesh naturally follows the material)
• Lagrangian approach widely used in computational structure dynamics
12
Conservation of momentum on fixed meshes
• The integral form of the momentum
! conservation equation, follows
from the general form by φ = v :
d
∫ ρ v dΩ + ∫ ρ v v ⋅ n dS = ∑ F
dt ΩCV SCV
d
∫ ρ vi dΩ + ∫ ρ vi v ⋅ n dS = ∫ ( - p + τ i )⋅ n dS + ∫ ρ fi dΩ
dt ΩCV SCV SCV ΩCV
∂ρ vi ∂p
+ ∇ ⋅ ( ρ vi v) = − + ∇ ⋅ τ i + ρ fi
∂t ∂xi
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Resulting system of equations
• For inviscid flows the Euler equations are obtained, setting the
viscous stresses equal to zero
érù é ru ù
ê ú
! ê ru ú r + - t
2
! ! u p
E (W ) = ê ú
xx
W =ê ú ê r u v - t xy ú
ê rv ú
ê ú ê ú
ëê ( rE + p ) u - u t - v t + q ú
ë rE û xx xy xû
é 0 ù é rv ù
! ê rf x ú ! ! ê r u v - t ú
S =ê ú F (W ) = ê
xy ú
ê rf y ú ê r v 2 + p - t yy ú
ê ! !ú ê ú
ë rf × v û ëê ( rE + p ) v - ut xy - vt yy + q ú
yû
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Finite volume discretisation on fixed
meshes
• The finite volume methods uses the integral form of the conservation
equations as starting point
ò f dS = å ò f dS ,
S k Sk
with, for example f = ( r j v × n)
• The simplest approximation is the midpoint rule which leads to second order:
ò f dS = f S
Se
e e » f e Se
• Another second order approximation can be obtained with the trapezoid rule:
Se
ò f dS » 2 ( f
Se
ne + f se )
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The FV approximation of volume integrals
ò q dW = å ò q dW = q ΔΩ » q
W k Wk
P ΔΩ
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Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)
• Today:
• Examples of real-world and computational FSI
• Introduction of the coupled problem
• Next week:
• Spatial coupling between meshes
• Mesh deformation
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