REVIEW

Objectives:
Explain coupled reaction processes
and describe the role of ATP in
energy coupling and transfer.

STEM_BIO11/12-IIa-j-1
Benedictine Hallmark:
Stewardship

Values Integration:
Recognize and appreciate
the importance of ATP.
 ATP
Adenosine
Triphosphate
What is the structure of ATP?
ATP- Structure

ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate

containing adenine, ribose, and three
phosphate groups.
ATP- Structure
• ATP contains the purine
base adenine and the
sugar ribose which together
form the
nucleoside adenosine.
• The basic building blocks
used to construct ATP are
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen, and phosphorus.
ATP- Structure
• One phosphate ester bond and two phosphate
anhydride bonds hold the three phosphates (PO4) and
the ribose together.
ATP- Structure
A single molecule of ATP contains ten carbon atoms,
sixteen hydrogen, five nitrogen, thirteen oxygen and
3 phosphorus atoms.
The shorthand formula is C10H16N5O13P3.
What are the functions of ATP?
 The functions of ATP
ATP helps carry out
many functions in
cells.
• Mechanical work-
such as the
movement of
proteins in
muscles.
 The functions of ATP
ATP helps carry
out many
functions in cells.
• Transport work-
such as the
movement of
substances
across
membranes.
 The functions of ATP
ATP helps carry out
many functions in
cells.
• Chemical work- such
as making complex
molecules out of
simple molecules.
The functions of ATP
What is ATP?
 ATP
“The energy currency of cell”
The nucleotide coenzyme adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) is the most important
form of chemical energy in all cells.
ATP is a chemical compound used to store
and release energy from the cell.
ATP is the energy that the cell can use to
do work.
How does ATP store energy?
How does ATP store
energy?
• Energy is stored in
the phosphate
bonds.
• Energy is released
when the
phosphate bonds
are broken.
• MOST ENERGY
stored in the 3rd
Phosphate.
How do we get energy from ATP?
 How do we get energy from ATP?
• By breaking the
high energy
bonds between
the last two
phosphates in ATP.
How do ATP recharge their energy
“battery”?
Process of ATP-ADP cycle
ATP is broken down into ADP by an enzyme
called ATPase.
ATP molecule removes a phosphate to release
energy.
It will result to ADP molecule.

ATP Hydrolysis – it is the process by which

chemical energy that has been stored in the
high energy phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP is
released.
 How Does That Happen?

An Enzyme!
ATP Hydrolysis
HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)

H 2O

ATP is
hydrolyzed in
ADP, inorganic
phosphate
The terminal phosphate group is then transferred by
hydrolysis to another compound,
a process called phosphorylation,
producing ADP, phosphate (Pi) and energy.
How is ATP Re-Made?
ATP Phosphorylation

Another Enzyme is
used!

ATP Synthase
 Process of ATP-ADP cycle
ATP is rebuilt from ADP by an enzyme called ATP
synthase.
ADP molecule adds a phosphate to store energy
resulting to ATP.
ATP Phosphorylation/ Substrate
level phosphorylation - a metabolic reaction that
results in the formation of ATP by the direct transfer of a
phosphoryl (PO3) group to ADP or from another
phosphorylated compound.
ATP Phosphorylation/ Substrate
level phosphorylation

• ATP is synthesized in the tiny energy factories

called mitochondria by a process called cellular
respiration.
ATP a process called coupling which
means the two reactions occur at the
same time and at the same place.