Supplementary Table 1.

The results of univariate logistic regression analyses of demographic and clinical

features for bipolar disorder (BD) versus major depressive disorder (MDD)
MDD
BD Odds ratio
Clinical Features p value
(N=114) (N=334） (95%CI)

Antidepressant-related switch to 45.38

31 (29.5) 3 (0.9) < 0.001
mania/hypomania, N (%) (13.51-152.43)
21.04
Mood lability with antidepressant, N (%) 36 (34.6) 8 (2.5) < 0.001
(9.37-47.29)
13.01
Mixed features of MDE, N (%) 35 (30.7) 11 (3.3) < 0.001
(6.33-26.75)
Five or more previous mood episodes within 12.02
4 (3.6) 1 (0.3) 0.027
the past year, N (%) (1.33-108.70)
Mood stabilaizer therapy in present use, N 8.58
77 (67.5) 65 (19.5) < 0.001
(%) (5.33-13.82)
Two or more previous mood episodes within 8.14
19 (17.3) 8 (2.5) < 0.001
the past year, N (%) (3.45-19.20)
Family history of BD in first-degree 5.82
27 (23.9) 17 (5.1) < 0.001
relatives, N (%) (3.03-11.17)
4.98
Two or more previous mood episodes, N (%) 79 (72.5) 109 (34.6) < 0.001
(3.08-8.04)
Early age at the onset of mood episode(<25 4.68
60 (52.6) 62 (19.2) < 0.001
years), N (%) (2.95-7.41)
4.62
Five or more previous mood episodes, N (%) 32 (29.4) 26 (8.3) < 0.001
(2.60-8.21)
3.72
History of suicide attempt, N (%) 44 (38.6) 48 (14.5) < 0.001
(2.29-6.04)
3.01
Antipsychotics therapy in present use, N (%) 42 (36.8) 54 (16.2) < 0.001
(1.87-4.87)
2.98
Comorbid personality disorder, N (%) 4 (3.5) 4 (1.2) 0.127
(0.73-12.12)
2.80
Seasonal mood episode, N (%) 15 (13.2) 17 (5.1) 0.006
(1.35-5.81)
Early age at the onset of MDE (<25 years), 2.75
45 (39.5) 62 (19.2) < 0.001
N (%) (1.72-4.38)
Previous mood episode within the past year, 2.65
0.9±1.6 0.2±0.5 < 0.001
mean±SD (1.90-3.71)

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Significant weight gain or increase in 2.60
28 (24.6) 37 (11.1) < 0.001
appetite, N (%) (1.50-4.48)
2.51
Pathological guilt feelings, N (%) 51 (44.7) 81 (24.4) < 0.001
(1.61-3.92)
2.44
Comorbid substance-related disorder, N (%) 11 (9.8) 14 (4.3) 0.033
(1.07-5.55)
2.39
Psychotic symptom in present, N (%) 4 (3.5) 5 (1.5) 0.201
(0.63-9.05)
Duration of MDE periode (≤1 month), N 2.33
26 (23.9) 39 (11.9) 0.003
(%) (1.34-4.05)
2.22
Hypersomnia, N (%) 26 (22.8) 39 (11.7) 0.005
(1.28-3.85)
2.21
Interpersonal rejection sensitivity, N (%) 56 (49.1) 101 (30.4) < 0.001
(1.43-3.41)
Family history of alchol abuse in 1.95
9 (7.9) 14 (4.2) 0.130
first-degree relatives, N (%) (0.82-4.64)
1.92
Comorbid anxiety disorder, N (%) 58 (53.2) 118 (37.2) 0.004
(1.24-2.98)
1.87
Duration of MDE period (≤ 6months), N (%) 64 (58.7) 142 (43.2) 0.005
(1.21-2.91)
1.70
Atypical depression, N (%) 17 (14.9) 31 (9.3) 0.100
(0.90-3.21)
1.62
CATS, total score, mean±SD 0.73 0.70 0.001
(1.21-2.17)
1.60
Mood reactivity, N (%) 55 (48.2) 122 (36.7) 0.031
(1.04-2.47)
1.59
History of psychiatric hospitalization, N (%) 17 (14.9) 33 (9.9) 0.146
(0.85-2.99)
1.51
CATS, Sexual abuse score, mean±SD 0.25±0.53 0.15±0.42 0.062
(0.98-2.32)
1.50
History of psychotic symptoms, N (%) 12 (10.5) 24 (7.3) 0.279
(0.72-3.10)
1.48
History of nurture except parents, N (%) 9 (8.2) 18 (5.7) 0.355
(0.64-3.40)
1.43
CATS, Neglect score, mean±SD 1.61±0.89 1.29±0.93 0.002
(1.14-1.80)
1.35
CATS, Punishment score, mean±SD 1.91±0.83 1.73±0.78 0.032
(1.03-1.77)

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 1.31
History of spouse's death, N(%) 4 (3.5) 9 (2.7) 0.663
(0.39-4.32)
1.29
Presence of housemate, N (%) 87 (76.3) 237 (71.4) 0.309
(0.79-2.11)
1.23
Previous mood episodes, mean±SD 6.9±23.5 1.6±3.2 < 0.001
(1.13-1.33)
1.17
History of smoking, N (%) 46 (40.4) 122 (36.6) 0.480
(0.76-1.81)
Early age at the onset of psychotic 1.17
5 (45.5) 10 (41.7) 0.834
symptoms(<30 years), N (%) (0.28-4.91)
1.16
History of marriage, N (%) 63 (55.8) 173 (52.1) 0.503
(0.75-1.78)
1.13
Presence of spouse, N (%) 43 (37.7) 116 (34.8) 0.579
(0.73-1.76)
1.12
History of divorce, N (%) 24 (21.1) 64 (19.3) 0.681
(0.66-1.89)
1.11
QIDS-J score, mean±SD 4.7 5.0 < 0.001
(1.06-1.16)
1.10
History of job turnover, N (%) 71 (62.8) 200 (60.6) 0.675
(0.71-1.71)
1.07
Lean paralysis, N (%) 21 (18.4) 58 (17.5) 0.818
(0.61-1.85)
1.06
Duration of education (years), mean±SD 2.5 2.4 0.221
(0.97-1.16)
1.02
Sex (male), N (%) 48 (42.1) 139 (41.7) 0.946
(0.66-1.56)
133.9±227. 1.00
amount of alcohol (g), mean±SD 111.5±136.9 0.527
5 (1.00-1.00)
1.00
GAF score, mean±SD 54.7±11.0 55.0±10.0 0.802
(0.98-1.02)
0.99
SF-36, Bodily pain, mean±SD 54.0±26.6 59.7±27.3 0.057
(0.98-1.00)
0.99
SF-36, Social functioning, mean±SD 44.1±26.9 49.7±26.8 0.057
(0.98-1.00)
0.99
SF-36, Role physical, mean±SD 42.8±29.0 51.6±28.9 0.006
(0.98-1.00)
0.99
SF-36, Role emotional, mean±SD 32.1±25.2 41.5±26.5 0.001
(0.98-0.99)

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 0.98
SF-36, Physical functioning, mean±SD 70.9±20.8 77.4±18.9 0.003
(0.97-0.99)
0.98
SF-36, Vitality, mean±SD 20.0±15.9 24.9±18.7 0.014
(0.97-1.00)
SF-36, Physical component summary, 0.98
46.8±14.5 49.8±13.2 0.049
mean±SD (0.97-1.00)
SF-36, Mental component summary, 0.98
34.6±8.2 35.8±9.0 0.215
mean±SD (0.96-1.01)
0.98
SF-36, General health perception, mean±SD 32.0±16.6 36.5±16.2 0.012
(0.97-1.00)
0.98
Duration of MDE period (month), mean±SD 10.1±15.7 17.7±29.3 0.014
(0.97-1.00)
0.98
SF-36, Mental health, mean±SD 27.1±17.2 34.0±19.6 0.001
(0.97-0.99)
SF-36, Role/Social component summary, 0.98
23.1±13.8 27.3±14.6 0.009
mean±SD (0.96-0.99)
0.98
Age(year), mean±SD 37.9±10.3 40.1±10.4 0.049
(0.96-1.00)
Family history of suicide in first-degree 0.97
3 (2.6) 9 (2.7) 0.968
relatives, N (%) (0.26-3.66)
Age at the onset of psychotic symptoms 0.96
29.9±9.5 33.7±9.5 0.278
(year), mean±SD (0.88-1.04)
0.95
Age at the onset of MDE (year), mean±SD 29.2±10.4 34.4±10.4 < 0.001
(0.93-0.97)
Age at the onset of mood episode (year), 0.92
26.3±10.5 34.4±10.4 < 0.001
mean±SD (0.90-0.94)
0.88
Presence of child, N (%) 46 (40.4) 145 (43.5) 0.552
(0.57-1.35)
0.86
Empolyment history, N (%) 69 (60.5) 213 (64.0) 0.512
(0.56-1.34)
0.68
Anxiolytic therapy in present use, N (%) 63 (55.3) 215 (64.6) 0.078
(0.44-1.04)
0.55
History of parent's bereavement, N (%) 17 (15.6) 79 (25.0) 0.045
(0.31-0.99)
Family history of MDD in first-degree 0.47
9 (7.9) 51 (15.4) 0.047
relatives, N (%) (0.22-0.99)
0.27
Antidepressant therapy in present use, N (%) 75 (65.8) 292 (87.7) < 0.001
(0.16-0.45)

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Family history of schizophrenia in
0 (0.0) 8 (2.4) n.c. 0.986
first-degree relatives, N (%)
Age at the onset of (hypo) manic episode
27.3±10.9 － － －
(year), mean±SD
BD, bipolar disorder; MDD, major depressive disorder; 95% CI, 95% confidence intervals; MDE, major
depressive episode; CATS, child abuse and trauma scale; SF-36, 36-item short-form health survey, n.c.; not
calculated