SOLUCIÓN DE EJERCICIOS DE TERMODINÁMICA DE VAN

WYLEN.

Presentado por:

Jorge David Jiménez Donado

Luis Felipe Lascano pacheco
Yuli Paola Marin Rada

Profesor:

Carlos Arturo Bello

Universidad del Atlántico

BARRANQUILLA/2019
9.41

A certain industrial process requires a steady supply of saturated

vapor steam at 200 kPa, at a rate of 0.5 kg/s. Also required is a steady
supply of compressed air at 500 kPa, at a rate of 0.1 kg/s. Both are to
be supplied by the process shown in Fig. P9.41. Steam is expanded in
a turbine to supply the power needed to drive the air compressor,
and the exhaust steam exits the turbine at the desired state. Air into
the compressor is at the ambient conditions, 100 kPa, 20°C. Give the
required steam inlet pressure and temperature, assuming that both
the turbine and the compressor are reversible and adiabatic.

DATO UNIDAD ESTADO 1 ESTADO 2 ESTADO 3 ESTADO 4

P kPa - 200 100 500
T K - 393,36 293,15 464,2
Vap. Aire
X - Vap. Saturado -
Sobrecalentado comprimido
𝒎̇ kg/s 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,1
h kJ/kg 2740,9 2706,3 293,3 466,3
s kJ/kg * K 7,127 7,127 1,68 1,68

De la tabla A.2:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 1,005 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾 𝑅(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 0,2870 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾

𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝(𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟) = 1,8723 𝑅(𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟) = 0,4615
𝑘𝑔∗𝐾 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾

𝑅⁄
𝑇4 𝑃4 𝐶𝑝
=( )
𝑇3 𝑃3
𝑅⁄ 0,2870⁄
𝑃4 𝐶𝑝 500 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1,005
𝑻𝟒 = 𝑇3 ( ) = 293,15 𝐾 ( ) = 𝟒𝟔𝟒. 𝟐 𝐊
𝑃3 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎

 B.M

𝑚̇1 = 𝑚̇2 𝑚̇3 = 𝑚̇4

 B.E

𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏 = −𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝

Wturb = ṁ1 (h1 − h2 ) −Wcomp = ṁ3 (h4 − h3 )

−Wcomp = 0,1 kg/s (466,3 kJ/kg – 293,3 kJ/kg)

−Wcomp = 17,3 kW

17,3 kW = ṁ1 (h1 − h2 )

17,3 kW = 0,5 kg/s (h1 – 2706,3 kJ/kg)
17,3 kJ/s kJ
𝐡𝟏 = + 2706,3 = 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟎. 𝟗 𝐤𝐉/𝐤𝐠
0,5 kg/s kg
T2
∆𝐡 = ∫ Cp dt
T1

h2 − h1 = Cp (T2 − T1 )
kJ kJ kJ
2706,3 − 2740,9 = 1,8723 (393,36 K − T1 )
kg kg kg ∗ K
−34.6 kJ/kg
= 393,36K − T1
kJ
1,8723
kg ∗ K
34.6 kJ/kg
𝐓𝟏 = 393,36K + = 𝟒𝟏𝟏, 𝟖𝟒 𝐊
kJ
1,8723
kg ∗ K

De la tabla A-6 e interpolando obtenemos lo siguientes resultados

P=0,20 MPa @138,69°C → h=2745,3 kJ/kg
P=0,30 MPa @138,69°C → h=2736,3 kJ/kg

Para una entalpia de 2740,9 kJ/kg, interpolando con las entalpias previamente
halladas, la presión es igual a 0,2485MPa=248,5 kPa

 B.S

𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑚̇1 (𝑆1 − 𝑆2 )

𝑚̇1 𝑆1 = 𝑚̇2 𝑆2
𝒌𝑱
𝑆1 = 𝑆2 = 7,1270 𝒌𝒈∗𝑲
9.43

A turbo charger boosts the inlet air pressure to an automobile engine.

It consists of an exhaust gas driven turbine directly connected to an air
compressor, as shown in Fig. P9.43. For a certain engine load the
conditions are given in the figure. Assume that both the turbine and the
compressor are reversible and adiabatic having also the same mass
flow rate. Calculate the turbine exit temperature and power output.
Find also the compressor exit pressure and temperature.

DATO UNIDAD ESTADO 1 ESTADO 2 ESTADO 3 ESTADO 4

P KPa 100 348,34 170 100
T K 303,15 432,95 923,15 793,34
𝒎̇ kg/s 0,1 - - -

De la tabla A.2:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 1,005 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾 𝑅(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 0,2870 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾

𝑅⁄
𝑇4 𝑃4 𝐶𝑝
| =( )
𝑇3 𝑃3
𝑅⁄ 0,2870⁄
𝑃4 𝐶𝑝 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1,005
𝑻𝟒 = 𝑇3 ( ) = 923,15 𝐾 ( ) = 𝟕𝟗𝟑, 𝟑𝟒 𝑲
𝑃3 170 𝑘𝑃𝑎

 B.M

𝑚̇1 = 𝑚̇2 𝑚̇3 = 𝑚̇4

𝑚̇1 = 𝑚̇3

 B.E

𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏 = −𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝

Wturb = ṁ3 (h3 − h4 ) −Wcomp = ṁ1 (h2 − h1 )

h3 − h4 = h2 − h1
h3 − h4 = 𝐶𝑝 (T3 − T4 )
𝑘𝐽
h3 − h4 = 1,005 (923,15 𝐾 – 793,34 𝐾)
𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝐾
𝑘𝐽
h3 − h4 = 130.45
𝑘𝑔
𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏 = 0.1 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 (130.45 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔) = 𝟏𝟑, 𝟎𝟒𝟔 𝑲𝒘

h2 − h1 = 𝐶𝑝 (T2 − T1 )
𝑘𝐽
h2 − h1 = 1,005 (𝑇2 – 303,15 𝐾)
𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝐾
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
13,045 = 0,1 [1,005 (T – 303,15 𝐾)]
𝑠 𝑠 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝐾 2
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
13,045 = 0,1005 (T – 303,15 𝐾)
𝑠 𝑠𝐾 2
13,045 𝑘𝐽/𝑠
𝑻𝟐 = + 303.15 𝐾 = 𝟒𝟑𝟐, 𝟗𝟓 𝑲
0.1005𝑘𝐽/𝑠𝐾
𝐶𝑝⁄ 1.005⁄
𝑇2 𝑅 432.95 𝐾 0.2870
𝑷𝟐 = 𝑃1 ( ) = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 ( ) = 𝟑𝟒𝟖. 𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝑇1 303.15 𝐾

9.44

A two-stage compressor having an interstage cooler takes in

air, 300 K, 100 kPa, and compresses it to 2 MPa, as shown in
Fig. P9.44. The cooler then cools the air to 340 K, after which
it enters the second stage, which has an exit pressure of
15.74 MPa. Both stages are adiabatic, and reversible. Find q
in the cooler, total specific work, and compare this to the
work required with no intercooler.

UNIDAD ESTADO 1 ESTADO 2 ESTADO 3 ESTADO 4

KPa 100 2000 2000 15740
K 300 705,76 340 612,84

De la tabla A.2:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 1,005 𝑅(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 0,2870
𝑘𝑔∗𝐾 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾

 B.M

𝑚̇1 = 𝑚̇2 𝑚̇3 = 𝑚̇4

 B.E

𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝1

Wcomp1 = ṁ1 (h1 − h2 ) Wcomp2 = ṁ3 (h3 − h4 )

CON REFRIGERADOR
𝑅⁄ 0.287⁄
𝑃2 𝐶𝑝 2000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1.005
𝑇2 = 𝑇1 ( ) = 300 𝐾 ( ) = 705,76 𝐾
𝑃1 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑅⁄ 0.287⁄
𝑃4 𝐶𝑝 15740 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1.005
𝑇4 = 𝑇3 ( ) = 340 𝐾 ( ) = 612,84 𝐾
𝑃3 2000 𝑘𝑃𝑎
 Compresor 1
h1 − h2 = 𝐶𝑝 (T1 − T2 )
𝑘𝐽
h1 − h2 = 1,005 (300 𝐾 – 705.76 𝐾)
𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝐾
h1 − h2 = −407.79 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

Wcomp1 = −𝟒𝟎𝟕. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

 Compresor 2
h3 − h4 = 𝐶𝑝 (T3 − T4 )
𝑘𝐽
h3 − h4 = 1,005 (340 𝐾 – 612,84 𝐾)
𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝐾
h3 − h4 = −274,2 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Wcomp2 = −𝟐𝟕𝟒, 𝟐 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

 𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑤𝑐1 + 𝑤𝑐2 = −407.79 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 + (−274.2)𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 = −𝟔𝟖𝟏. 𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

 𝒒𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒓 = ℎ3 − ℎ2 = 𝐶𝑝 ( 𝑇3 − 𝑇2 )
𝑘𝐽
 𝒒𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒓 = 1.005 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾 (340 𝐾 − 705.76 𝐾) = −𝟑𝟔𝟕, 𝟔 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

SIN REFRIGERADOR

UNIDAD ESTADO 1 ESTADO 4

KPa 100 15740
K 300 1272,11

 B.M

𝑚̇1 = 𝑚̇4

 B.E

𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = 𝑚̇1 (ℎ1 − ℎ4 )

𝑅⁄ 0.287⁄
𝑃2 𝐶𝑝 15740 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1.005
𝑇2 = 𝑇1 ( ) = 300 𝐾 ( ) = 1272,11 𝐾
𝑃1 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑤𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = ℎ1 − ℎ4 = 𝐶𝑝(𝑇1 − 𝑇4 )
 𝑘𝐽
ℎ1 − ℎ4 = 1,005 (300 𝐾 – 1272,11 𝐾) = −𝟗𝟕𝟔, 𝟗𝟕𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈
𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝐾

9.45

A heat-powered portable air compressor consists of three components: (a) an

adiabatic compressor; (b) a constant pressure heater (heat supplied from an
outside source); and (c) an adiabatic turbine. Ambient air enters the compressor
at 100 kPa, 300 K, and is compressed to 600 kPa. All of the power from the
turbine goes into the compressor, and the turbine exhaust is the supply of
compressed air. If this pressure is required to be 200 kPa, what must the
temperature be at the exit of the heater?

DATO UNIDAD ESTADO 1 ESTADO 2 ESTADO 3 ESTADO 4

P KPa 100 600 600 200
T K 300 500,4 742,32 541,89

De la tabla A.2:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 1,005 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾 𝑅(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 0,2870 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾

 B.M

𝑚̇1 = 𝑚̇2 𝑚̇3 = 𝑚̇4

 B.E

𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏 = −𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝

Wturb = ṁ3 (h3 − h4 ) −Wcomp = ṁ1 (h2 − h1 )

𝑅⁄ 0.287⁄
𝑃2 𝐶𝑝 600 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1.005
𝑇2 = 𝑇1 ( ) = 300 𝐾 ( ) = 500,4 𝐾
𝑃1 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑅⁄ 0.287⁄
𝑃4 𝐶𝑝 200 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1.005
𝑇4 = 𝑇3 ( ) = 𝑇3 ( ) = 0,73 𝑇3
𝑃3 600 𝑘𝑃𝑎
−𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = 𝐶𝑝(𝑇2 – 𝑇1 ) = 1,005 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾 (500,4𝐾 − 300𝐾) = 201,4 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏 = 𝐶𝑝 (T3 − T4 )
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
201,4 = 1,005 (𝑇 – 07,3𝑇3 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝐾 3
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
201,4 = 1,005 (0,27𝑇3 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝐾
 201,4 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
0,27 𝑇3 = → 0,27 𝑇3 = 200,43 𝐾 → 𝑻𝟑 = 𝟕𝟒𝟐, 𝟑𝟐 𝑲
1,005 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾

9.46

A certain industrial process requires a steady 0.5 kg/s supply of

compressed air at 500 kPa, at a maximum temperature of 30°C. This air
is to be supplied by installing a compressor and aftercooler. Local
ambient conditions are 100 kPa, 20°C. Using an reversible compressor,
determine the power required to drive the compressor and the rate of
heat rejection in the aftercooler.

DATO UNIDAD ESTADO 1 ESTADO 2 ESTADO 3

P kPa 100 500 500
T K 293,15 465,254 303,15
m kg/s 0,5 0,5 0,5
h kJ/kg 293,5 463,95 303,15

De la tabla A.2:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 1,005 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾 𝑅(𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒) = 0,2870 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾

 B.M
𝑚̇1 = 𝑚̇2 𝑚̇2 = 𝑚̇3
𝑚̇1 = 𝑚̇3

 B.E

Ẇ𝑐 = 𝑚̇(ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) = 0,5(465,258 − 293,5) = 𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝒘

𝑞 = 𝑐𝑝(𝑇3 − 𝑇2 ) = 1,005(303,15 − 465,258) = −𝟏𝟔𝟐, 𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

𝑄̇ = 𝑚̇𝑞 = 0,5𝑘𝑔/𝑠(−162,91 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔) = −𝟖𝟏, 𝟒𝟓𝟗𝒌𝑾

 B.S
𝑄𝐷𝑡
̇
𝑆𝒈𝒆𝒏 = 𝑚̇(𝑆2 − 𝑆1 ) +
𝑇𝐷𝑡

𝑃2 𝑅/𝑐𝑝 500 𝑘𝑃𝑎 0.287/1,005

𝑇2 = 𝑇1 ( ) = 293 𝐾 ( ) = 𝟒𝟔𝟑. 𝟗𝟓 𝑲
𝑃1 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎
One type of feedwater heater for preheating the water before entering
a boiler operates on the principle of mixing the water with steam that
has been bled from the turbine. For the states as shown in Fig. P9.59,
calculate the rate of net entropy increase for the process, assuming
the process to be steady flow and adiabatic.

DATO UNIDAD ESTADO 1 ESTADO 2 ESTADO 3

P kPa 1000 1000 1000
T K 313,15 393,36 293,15
Liq. Vap. Liq.
X -
Comprimido Sobrecalentado Comprimido
𝒎̇ kg/s 3,2364 0,7636 4
h kJ/kg 167,53 2828,3 675,47
s kJ/kg * K 0,5724 6,6956 1,9426

 B.M

𝑚̇3 = 𝑚̇1 + 𝑚̇2

Despejando 𝑚̇2

𝑚̇2 = 𝑚̇3 − 𝑚̇1

 B.E

𝑚̇3 ℎ3 = 𝑚̇1 ℎ1 + 𝑚̇2 ℎ2

𝑚̇3 ℎ3 = 𝑚̇1 ℎ1 + (𝑚̇3 − 𝑚̇1 )ℎ2
𝑚̇3 ℎ3 = 𝑚̇1 ℎ1 + 𝑚̇3 ℎ2 − 𝑚̇1 ℎ2
𝑚̇3 ℎ3 − 𝑚̇3 ℎ2 = 𝑚̇1 ℎ1 − 𝑚̇1 ℎ2
𝑚̇3 (ℎ3 − ℎ2 ) = 𝑚̇1 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )
𝑚̇3 (ℎ3 − ℎ2 ) 4(675,47 − 2828,3)
𝑚̇1 = = = 𝟑, 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟒 𝐤𝐠/𝐬
(ℎ1 − ℎ2 ) (167,53 − 2828,3)

Reemplazando

𝑚̇2 = 𝑚̇3 − 𝑚̇1

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝒌𝒈
𝑚̇2 = 4 − 3,2363 = 𝟎, 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟔
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
9.61

A counter flowing heat exchanger has one line with 2 kg/s at 125 kPa, 1000 K
entering and the air is leaving at 100 kPa, 400 K. The other line has 0.5 kg/s water
coming in at 200 kPa, 20°C and leaving at 200 kPa. What is the exit temperatura of
the water and the total rate of entropy generation?

DATO UNIDAD ESTADO 1 ESTADO 2 ESTADO 3 ESTADO 4

P kPa 125 200 200 200
T K 1000 400 293,15 -
Liq.
X - - - 0,9809
Comprimido
𝒎̇ kg/s 2 0,5 -
h kJ/kg 1046,04 400,98 83,915 2664,155
s kJ/kg * K 2,9677 1,99194 0,2965 7,0201

 B.M

𝑚̇1 = 𝑚̇2 𝑚̇3 = 𝑚̇4

𝑚̇1 +̇ 𝑚3 = 𝑚̇2 + 𝑚̇4

 B.E

𝑚̇1 ℎ1 ̇ + 𝑚3 ℎ3 = 𝑚̇2 ℎ2 + 𝑚̇4 ℎ4

𝑚̇1 ℎ1 ̇ + 𝑚3 ℎ3 = 𝑚̇1 ℎ2 ̇ + 𝑚3 ℎ4
𝑚̇1 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 ) = 𝑚̇3 (ℎ4 − ℎ3 )
𝑚̇1 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )
= ℎ3 − ℎ4
𝑚̇3
𝑚̇1 (ℎ1−ℎ2 ) 2(1046,04−400,98)
ℎ4 = ℎ3 + 𝑚̇3
=83,915 + 0,5
= 𝟐𝟔𝟔𝟒. 𝟏𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐉/𝐤𝐠

 h4 ˂ hg , esto quiere decir que el estado 4 es una mezcla liq-vap.

@200kpa
h4= 2664.155
hg= 2706.3

entonces, las propiedades como h,s,v están entre los limites del vapor y el liquido , quiere
decir que hay una calidad .
 ℎ4 −ℎ𝑓 2664.155−504.71
𝑥= = = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟗
ℎ𝑓𝑔 2201.6

𝐤𝐉
𝑠4 = 𝑠𝑓 − 𝑥 𝑠𝑓𝑔 = 1.5302 + 0.9809(5.5968 == 𝟕. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟏
𝐤𝐠 ∗ 𝐊
s4= 1.5302+0.9809(5.5968)

s4= 7.0201 kj/k.s

 cuando tenemos calidad podemos decir que:

T4= Tsat → T4= 120.21°c

P4=Psat → p4= 200kpa

 B.S

𝑚̇1 𝑠1 ̇ + 𝑚3 𝑠3 = 𝑚̇2 𝑠2 + 𝑚̇4 𝑠4

Tenemos que
T2
Cp
∆𝐬 = ∫ dt − R ln(P) = 𝑆𝑡 − 𝑇 ̇ ln(𝑃)
T1 𝑡

∆𝐬 = 𝑚̇1 (𝑆𝑡1 − 𝑅 ln(𝑃1 )) − (𝑆𝑡2 − 𝑅 ln(𝑃2 ) − 𝑚̇3 (𝑠4 − 𝑠3 )

∆𝐬 = 𝑚̇1 [𝑆𝑡1 − 𝑅 ln(𝑃1 ) − 𝑆𝑡2 + 𝑅 ln(𝑃2 )] − 𝑚̇3 (𝑠4 − 𝑠3 )
∆𝐬 = 𝑚̇1 [𝑆𝑡1 − 𝑆𝑡2 + 𝑅 ln(𝑃2 ) − 𝑅 ln(𝑃1 )] − 𝑚̇3 (𝑠4 − 𝑠3 )
∆𝐬 = 𝑚̇1 [𝑆𝑡1 − 𝑆𝑡2 − 𝑅 ln(𝑃1 /𝑃2 )] − 𝑚̇3 (𝑠4 − 𝑠3 )
∆𝐬 = 2[( 2,96677 − 1,99194)-0,287 ln(100/125)]- 0,5(7,0201-,2965)= -1;28 kJ/s*K

∆sgen = ∑ 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎 − ∑ 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎

∆𝐬𝐠𝐞𝐧 = 𝟏, 𝟐𝟖 𝐤𝐖/𝐊