Types of Plate Boundaries

CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES

Subduction Zone
is a region of the
Earth’s crust where
tectonic plates
meet.
where two plates
converge, and one
plate is thrust
beneath the other.
 TRENCH

a long narrow steep

– sided depression
in the earth's ocean
ic crust, lying
above a
subduction zone
Key concepts:
Oceanic – Continental Convergence

1. During the convergence of an oceanic

plate and a continental plate, the denser
oceanic plate slides under the continental
plate. This process is called subduction.

2. Formation of volcanoes and trenches

as well as occurrence of earthquake will
take place because of this process.
VOLCANIC
ISLAND ARC

Islands form an
arc when two
oceanic plates
converge
creating a row of
islands above the
overriding plate.
Hot Spot

an area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area

under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the
crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding
magma. The magma plume causes melting and
thinning of the rocky crust and widespread
volcanic activity.
Formation of the Philippine Archipelago

An archipelago is a
group of islands closely
scattered in a body of
water. Usually, this body
of water is the ocean, but
it can also be a lake or
river. Most archipelagoes
are made of oceanic
islands. This means the
islands were formed by
volcanoes erupting from
the ocean floor.
Key concepts:
Oceanic – Oceanic Convergence

1. When two oceanic plates converge they also

undergo subduction process. This gives rise to
the formation volcanic island arcs, trenches and
generates shallow, intermediate, or deep
earthquakes.

2. Strong earthquakes generated at the ocean

floor may cause displacement of large volume of
water and launch big waves called tsunami.
Collision Zone

A place where folded and

thrust faulted mountains
form.
Key concepts:
Continental – Continental Convergence

1. When two continental plates meet head-on,

neither is subducted. Instead, the crust tends to
buckle and be pushed upward causing
formation of mountain ranges and other
highlands.
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES
RIFT VALLEY

A rift valley is a lowland

region that forms where
Earth’s tectonic plates
move apart, or rift. Rift
valleys are found both
on land and at the
bottom of the ocean,
where they are created
by the process of
seafloor spreading.
mountain ranges and
other highlands.
MID – OCEAN RIDGE / UNDERWATER RIFT
KEY CONCEPTS:
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

1. Divergent boundaries occur along spreading

centers where plates are moving apart and new
crust is created by magma pushing up from the
mantle.

2. Effects that are found at a divergent boundary

between oceanic plates include: a submarine
mountain range such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge;
volcanic activity in the form of fissure eruptions;
shallow earthquake activity; creation of new
seafloor; and a widening ocean basin.
3. If a divergent boundary is between continental
plates, the effects are: rift valley formation which will
soon develop into linear sea; shallow earthquake
activities, and numerous normal faults.
TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY
KEY CONCEPTS:
TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY

1. Transform-fault boundaries are where two plates

are sliding horizontally past one another.

2. Most transform faults are found on the ocean

floor. They commonly offset active spreading
ridges, producing zig-zag plate margins, and are
generally defined by shallow earthquakes