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wbk‡eZMÄ-ivauvK…òcyi kZiwÄ (Kv‡c©U) wkí K¬vóvi -Gi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc mg~n
wbav©i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ Av‡qvwRZ gZ wewbgq mfvi cÖwZ‡e`b
2. K¬vóv‡ii Z_¨vw` t
K. K¬vóv‡i Drcvw`Z cY¨ ZvwjKv ................................................... 5
L. c‡Y¨i gvY I Drcv`bkxjZv ................................................... 5
M. e¨eüZ KvPuvgvj ................................................... 5
N. eZ©gv‡b e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ ................................................... 5
O. Drcv`b c×wZ ................................................... 5
P. evRviRvZKiY c×wZ ................................................... 5
3. cÖvß Z_¨vw` t
K. cÖwkÿY msµvšÍ Z_¨vw` ................................................... 6
L. FY msµvšÍ Z_¨vw` ................................................... 6
M. AvBwmwU e¨envi msµvšÍ Z_¨vw` ................................................... 6
N. ißvbx msµvšÍ Z_¨vw` ................................................... 6
O. fwelr m¤¢vebv ................................................... 6
4. wPwüZ mgm¨vejx t 8
5. mycvwikgvjv t 9
6. Dcmsnvi t 10
2
Aa¨vq - 1. mvivsk
f‚wgKvt
Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, 1832 mv‡j iscy‡ii cÖavb wbev©nx wQ‡jb weªwUk miKv‡ii Kg©KZv© wg. wbk‡eZ| wZwb
AÎ GjvKvi Drcvw`Z kZiwÄ weªwUk ivR `ievi ch©šÍ wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb Ges ZrKvjxb weªwUk ivR
cwiev‡ii m`m¨MY iscy‡ii kZiwÄ AZ¨šÍ cQ›` K‡ib| Zvi ci †_‡K weªwUk ivR `iev‡i kZiwÄ
ïfv †cZ mgv`‡i| GKB mv‡_ iscy‡ii kZiwÄ Drcv`KM‡Yi Dbœq‡b weªwUk miKvi wKQz Dbœqb
Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb K‡iwQj| Avi †h‡nZz m¤ú~Y© D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb ZrKvjxb iscyii cÖavb wbevnx©
wg. wbk‡eZ, ZvB Zvi bvgvbymv‡i iscyi kZiwÄ cvovi bvgKiY Kiv nq wbk‡eZMÄ| myZivs Avgiv
mn‡RB eyS‡Z cwi †h, kZiwÄ cÖvq 3 kZ eQi cÖvPxb GKwU wkí Ges wbk‡eZM‡Äi kZiwÄi i‡q‡Q
GKwU mybvjx AZxZ|
wKš‘ mg‡qi weeZ©‡Y kZiwÄ wkí AvR cÖvq nwi‡q †h‡Z e‡m‡Q| nvRvi nvRvi cvwievwiK D‡`¨vM
†_‡K kZiwÄ †b‡g G‡m‡Q 10-12 wU cvwievwiK D‡`¨v‡M| Z‡e Avkvi K_v n‡”Q m¤úªwZ evsjv‡`k
ÿz`ª I KzwUi wkí K‡cv©‡ikb (wewmK) -Gi D‡`¨v‡M kZiwÄ wk‡íi KvwiMi‡`i‡K cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv
Ges 40 nvRvi UvKv K‡i FY †`Iqvi Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cÖwkÿY cÖvß D‡`¨v³vMY GLb
Zv‡`i cÖ¯‘ZK…Z c‡Y¨i evRviRvZKiY mgm¨vq R©RwiZ|
jÿ¨t
chv©qµwgKfv‡e mgMÖ evsjv‡`ke¨vcx wPwüZ mKj GmGgB K¬vóv‡ii Dbœqb Pvwn`v wbiæc‡bi j‡ÿ¨
PjwZ A_©eQ‡i Ò wbW&m G‡mm‡g›U di K¬vóvi †W‡fjc‡g›U Ó-kxl©K Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³
Kg©m~Pxi AvIZvq MZ 14 †g 2013 Zvwi‡L wbk‡eZMÄ-ivauvK…ò kZiwÄ (Kv‡c©U) wkí K¬vóv‡ii
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc mg~n wbav©i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ gZwewbgq mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| mfvi
cÖavb jÿ¨ n‡”Q K¬vóv‡ii D‡`¨v³vM‡Yi KvQ‡_‡K Zv‡`i Dbœq‡bi AšÍivq mg~n m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ nIqv
Ges D³ K¬vóv‡ii Dbœq‡b GmGgB dvD‡Ûkb / miKvi / Dbœqb mn‡hvwM cÖwZôvb mg~n Kx Kx c`‡ÿc
MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv wbav©iY Kiv|
3
Kg© c×wZt
GKwU D¤§y³ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g K¬vóv‡ii D‡`¨v³vM‡Yi KvQ ‡_‡K D³ K¬vóv‡ii Dbœqb Pvwn`v wbiæcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G †ÿ‡Î c~e© wbav©wiZ cÖkœgvjvi Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv mÂvjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKB mv‡_
cÖkœgvjvwU weZiY K‡i D‡`¨v³vM‡Yi Øviv c~iY Kiv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
D‡`¨v³vM‡Yi †g․wLK Ges cÖkœgvjv c~i‡Yi gva¨‡g wjwLZ gZvgZ msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
‡hvMv‡hvM Z_¨vw`t
ivRavbx XvKvi mv‡_ wefvwMq kni iscy‡ii †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v moK I †ij `yB c‡_B fvj| wbk‡eZMÄ
- ivauvK…òcyi K¬vóviwU iscyi kn‡ii DcK‡Ú †mbvwbevm †iv‡W Aew¯’Z| MÖvgxY cwi‡e‡k cÖwZwU N‡o
GK ev GKvwaK ZvuZ wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q wbk‡eZMÄ-ivauvK…òcyi kZiwÄ wkí K¬vóvi|
e¨eüZ bw_cÎt
D‡`¨v³vM‡Yi mv‡_ AbywôZ GB gZwewbgq mfvq GKwU cÖkœgvjv (mshyw³ - 1)I wd¬c PvU© e¨envi Kiv
nq| mfvq Dcw¯’wZ ZvwjKv (mshyw³ - 2) GZ&` m‡½ mshy³ Kiv nj|
4
Aa¨vq - 2. K¬vóv‡ii Z_¨vw`
K¬vóv‡i Drcvw`Z cY¨ ZvwjKvt
D³ K¬vóv‡i wewfbœ mvB‡Ri ‡Uwej g¨vU, ‡d¬vi g¨vU, Iqvj g¨vU, e¨vM, cvm©, ‡mvdv †mU, ‡Kvkb Kfvi
BZ¨vw` cY¨ Drcvw`Z n‡q _v‡K|
e¨eüZ KvuPvgvjt
D³ K¬vóv‡i cÖavbZ wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii myZv, cvU, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cviA·vBW, †mvwWqvg wmwj‡KU, evuk, KvV,
myZjx I is cÖavb KvPuvgvj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
Drcv`b c×wZt
eZ©gv‡b GB K¬vóv‡i g~jZ cyi‡bv cÖhyw³i ev‡uki cvÄv I Uvbv eybb hš¿ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| hvi Kvi‡Y
GLvbKvi kÖwgK‡`i Drcv`bkxjZv AZ¨šÍ Kg| ïay Zv‡`i e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ ev Drcv`b c×wZi Dbœqb
Kivi gva¨‡g Drcv`bkxjZv evov‡bv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
evRviRvZKiY c×wZt
GLvbKvi AwaKvsk ÿz`ª D‡`¨v³viB †Kvb weµq †K›`ª ev †kv-iæg †bB| Zviv ¯’vbxq `v`b
e¨emvqxM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K `v`b wb‡q cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cY¨ wewµ K‡i _v‡K| d‡j
Zviv c‡Y¨i b¨vh¨ g~j¨ cvqbv e‡j g‡b K‡i|
5
Aa¨vq - 3. cÖvß Z_¨vw`
mfvq cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨K e³vB Zv‡`i e³„Zvq evRviRvZKib ev †µZv we‡µZv ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi wel‡q
GmGgB dvD‡Ûkb ev miKv‡ii mnvqZv Kvgbv K‡ib|
FY msµvšÍ Z_¨vw`t
D³ K¬vóv‡ii ÿz`ª D‡`¨v³vMY e¨vsK FY cÖvw߇Z bvbv RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y eo e¨emvqxM‡Yi `v`b wbf©i
e¨emv K‡i _v‡Kb| G‡Z K‡i Zviv Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i ev cÖ`Ë kÖ‡gi mwVK g~j¨ n‡Z ewÂZ| Zviv g‡b
K‡ib ¯^í my‡` `xN© †gqvw` wewb‡qvM FY †c‡j GB wk‡íi `ªæZ weKvk I Dbœqb NU‡e| KviLvbv
gvwjKMY‡K ¯^í my‡` FY mieivn Kivi Rb¨ Zviv miKv‡ii / GmGgB dvD‡Ûk‡bi my`„wó Kvgbv
K‡ib|
fwelr m¤¢vebvt
kZiwÄ DËie‡½i GK cÖvPxb HwZn¨, wKš‘ mg‡qi weeZ©‡b Ges Drcv`bkxjZv bv evovi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i
Ae¯’vi DbœwZ nqwb| Zv‡`i kÖ‡g I Nv‡g Dbœqb n‡q‡Q ga¨mZ¡f‚Mx‡`i| kZiwÄi †KvwU UvKvi ‡kv-iæg
6
iscyi kn‡iB i‡q‡Q| ZvB GB wk‡íi Pvwn`v †bB ev K`i Kg ejv hv‡”Q bv| eis kZiwÄ •Zix
KviK‡`i gnvRbx `v`b †_‡K †eo K‡i wb‡q Avm‡Z cvi‡j cÖwZwU KviLvbv gvwjKB n‡Z cv‡ib GK
GK Rb wkícwZ| Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb cÖhyw³i Dbœqb I wecbb `ÿZvi mgš^q NUv‡bv| Zvn‡jB iZiwÄ
Avevi Zvi nvov‡bv †M․if wd‡i cv‡e| Dbœqb n‡e kZiwÄcvovi nvRv‡iv cwiev‡ii Z_v †MvUv
mgv‡Ri|
7
Aa¨vq - 4. wPwüZ mgm¨vejx
8
Aa¨vq - 5. mycvwikgvjv
KzgviLvjx ‡U·UvBj K¬vóvi -Gi Dbœq‡b wb‡¤œv³ Dbœqb Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡it-
K. ¯^í ‡gqv`x (6 gvm †_‡K 12 gv‡mi g‡a¨)t
1. GmGgB dvD‡Ûk‡bi AvBwmwU wefv‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M D³ wbk‡eZMÄ-ivauvK…òcyi ZvuZx Dbœqb
mgevq mwgwZ -Gi GKwU I‡qemvBU •Zix K‡i †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
2. evRviRvZKiY †K․k‡ji Dci cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
3. ‡µZv we‡µZv ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ kni †_‡K m¤¢ve¨ †µZvMY‡K Avgš¿Y
K‡i GKwU cY¨ cÖ`©kYxi Av‡qvRb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
4. GmGgB dvD‡Ûk‡bi †µwWU †nvj‡mwjs Kvh©µ‡gi AvIZvq D³ K¬vóv‡ii D‡`¨v³vMY‡K ¯^í
my‡` FY `v‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
9
Aa¨vq - 6. Dcmsnvi
cÖvq wZbkZ eQi cÖvPxb GB K¬vóvi Zvi Drcv`bkxjZvi kø_ MwZ, AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ bv e¨envi Kiv
Ges m‡ev©cwi D‡`¨v³vM‡Yi gv‡K©wUs Áv‡bi Afve BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y GB K¬vóviwU g„ZcÖvq Ae¯’v †_‡K
cyb©RxweZ nIqvi †Póv Ki‡Q| wewmK cÖwkÿY I ¯^í cwigv‡b FY w`‡q Zv‡`i GB Kv‡R mnvqZv K‡i
hv‡”Q| dvD‡Ûkb hw` Zv‡`i‡K †µZv we‡µZv ms‡hvM, cY¨ cÖ`©kYx I weµq †K›`ª ¯’vcb, †gjv
Av‡qvRb, B-gv‡K©wUs, I‡qemvBU I Drc`b cÖhyw³i Dbœqb BZ¨vw` mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i Zvn‡j `ªæZ GB
K¬vóviwU Zvi nvwo‡q hvIqv HwZn¨ wd‡i c‡e e‡j gv‡b nq|
10