The Effects of Artificial Intelligence On Humans

The Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Humans
Chapter I: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
The term "Artificial Intelligence" is exceptionally broad in the scope. Artificial
intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent
machines that work and reacts like humans. Artificial Intelligence is also defined as the
simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It works
by combining large amounts of data with fast, iterative processing and intelligent algorithms,
allowing the software to learn automatically from patterns or features in the data.
Types of Artificial Intelligence
Mainly, there are four types of Artificial Intelligence based on Functionalities
1. Relative Machines
The most basic types of AI systems are purely reactive and have the ability neither to
form memories nor to use past experiences to inform current decisions. Deep Blue, IBM’s chess-
playing supercomputer, which beat international grandmaster Garry Kasparov in the late 1990s,
is the perfect example of this type of machine.
2. Limited Memory
This limited memory system can see in the past. Few of the decision-making functions in
self-driving cars have been designed this way. For example, they observe the speed and direction
of other cars. This cannot be done in just one moment, but it is necessary to identify specific
items and monitor them over time.

Science, Technology and Society
Marco L. Sultan
3. Theory of Mind
This type of AI should be able to understand people’s emotion, belief, thoughts, and
expectations and be able to interact socially even though a lot of improvements are there in this
field this kind of AI is not complete yet.
4. Self-Awareness
An AI that has its own conscious, super intelligent, self-awareness and sentient (In simple
words a complete human being). Of course, this kind of bot also doesn’t exist and if achieved it
will be one of the milestones in the field of AI.
What are the different applications of Artificial Intelligence?
1. Biometrics
Biometrics uses methods for specific identities of humans based on one or more internal,
physical or behavioral symptoms. Particularly, In computer science, biometrics is used as
identity access management and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in those
groups that are under surveillance.
2. Virtual Agent
A Virtual agent is a computer-generated, animated, artificial intelligence virtual character
that acts as an online customer service representative. It leads an intelligent conversation with
users, responds to their questions, and practices fairly non-verbally. An example of a specific
virtual agent is Louise, who is a virtual agent of eBay, created by a French/American developer,
Vertuze.
3. Computer Science

Marco L. Sultan
AI can be used to potentially determine the developer of anonymous binaries. AI can be
used to create other AI. For example, around November 2017, Google's Auto ML project to
evolve new neural net topologies created NASNet, a system optimized for ImageNet and COCO.
According to Google, NASNet's performance exceeded all previously published ImageNet
performance.
4. Human resources and recruiting
There are three ways AI is being used by human resources and recruiting professionals:
to screen resumes and rank candidates according to their level of qualification, to predict
candidate success in given roles through job matching platforms, and now rolling out recruiting
chatbots that can automate repetitive communication tasks. Typically, resume screenings involve
a recruiting or other HR professional scanning through the database of resumes. Now startup like
pomato is making machine learning algorithms to create continue resume screening process
automatically.
5. Agriculture
Here is a dangerous fact everyone is knowing that the world will need to produce 50
percent more food by 2050 because we are eating every day! The only way to do it is possible if
we use our resources more carefully. It is being said that, Using AI we can fight against these
dangerous problems. Artificial Intelligence will help farmers to get more output easily and
speedily with fewer resources.
6. Health Care

Marco L. Sultan
When it comes to saving our lives, so many organizations and medical care centers are
relying on AI. In healthcare, AI has helped a lot of patients around the world. Few of these
examples are
An organization called Cambio Health Care has developed a clinical decision support
system to prevent stroke, which can warn the doctor when there is a risk of heart stroke.
Another such example is Coala life which is a company that has a digitalized device that
can find cardiac diseases. Similarly, Aifloo is another company developing a system to watch
how people are doing in nursing homes, home care, etc.
7. Banking
AI in banking is growing faster than you thought! A lot of banks have already adopted
AI-based systems to provide customer support, detect anomalies and credit card frauds. An
example of this is the HDFC Bank.
AI is growing faster than you think! Many banks have already adopted the AI-based
system to provide customer support, detect freak and credit card fraud. For example, HDFC
Bank has developed an AI-based chatbot called EVA (Electronic Virtual Assistant), built by
Bengaluru-based Senseforth AI Research. This AI based chatbot has approached over 3 million
queries of customers and solved every query within less than 0.4 seconds.
There are infinite applications of Artificial Intelligence in different fields. These are just
few of them.

Marco L. Sultan
Skills for Expertise in Artificial Intelligence
You have to majorly focus on the below-given skills for expertise in AI
 Logical thinking
 Reasoning skills
 Problem-solving skills
 Knowledge Engineering
 Ability to manipulate and move objects
Chapter II: Body and Analysis
A set of questions were asked to a group on Facebook mainly named Artificial
Intelligence Enthusiasts. The group was chosen because most of the members of the group have
background on Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning. There were 16 respondents in total
and all of them answered all the questions. The questions are listed below.
1. Will Artificial Intelligence be a threat to humanity?

Marco L. Sultan
There were 8 respondents who answered Yes and 8 who answered No. The reason that
this is equal is because people have different insights about what can Artificial Intelligence do.
AI could be considered a threat, but not really right now. AI isn’t the superhuman, all
powerful being that everyone thinks it is. AI, at least at this current moment, is nothing more
than a series of algorithms working to output an answer that is as close to correct as possible.
The vast majority of AI (in video games at least) have a series of possible outcomes that are
selected based upon the current circumstances the AI is dealing with.
It can get ridiculously complex in its algorithms, but it will never truly learn from its
mistakes. People can beat it the same way over and over again, and it will never, ever learn.
2. What are the benefits/advantages and risks/disadvantages of having AI?
Two answers from the sixteen respondents are written in this research as they have the
complete answers.
Respondent 14: Advantages
 AI would have a low error rate compared to humans, if coded properly. They would
have incredible precision, accuracy, and speed.
 They won't be affected by hostile environments, thus able to complete dangerous tasks,
explore in space, and endure problems that would injure or kill us.
o This can even mean mining and digging fuels that would otherwise be hostile for
humans.
 Replace humans in repetitive, tedious tasks and in many laborious places of work.

Marco L. Sultan
 Predict what a user will type, ask, search, and do. They can easily act as assitants and
cna recommend or direct various actions.
An example of this can be found in the smartphone.
 Can detect fraud in card-based systems, and possibly other systems in the future.
 Organized and manages records.
 Interact with humans for entertainment or a task as avatars or robots.
An example of this is AI for playing many videogames.
Robotic pets can interact with humans. Can help w/ depression and inactivity.
Can fulfill sexual pleasure.
 They can think logically without emotions, making rational decisions with less or no
mistakes.
 Can assess people.
This can be for medical purposes, such as health risks and emotional state. Can
simulate medical procedures and give info on side effects.
 Robotic radiosurgery, and other types of surgery in the future, can achieve precision
that humans can't.
 They don't need to sleep, rest, take breaks, or get entertained, as they don't get bored or
tired.
Disadvantages:
 Can cost a lot of money and time to build, rebuild, and repair. Robotic repair can occur
to reduce time and humans needing to fix it, but that'll cost more money and resources.

Marco L. Sultan
 It's questionable: is it ethically and morally correct to have androids, human-like
robots, or recreate intelligence, a gift of nature that shouldn't be recreated? This is a
discussion about AI that's popular in the days.
 Storage is expansive, but access and retrieval may not lead to connections in memory
as well as humans could.
They can learn and get better with tasks if coded to, but it's questionable as to if this
can ever become as good as humans can do such.
 They cannot work outside of what they were programmed for.
They could never, or, at least, seemingly never with our technological perceptions,
recieve creativity that humans have.
 This can prevent sympathizing with emotions for human contact, such as in being
nurses. This can also reduce wisdom can understanding.
 This can prevent common sense occuring. Even if coded with common sense and to
learn, it seems hard for them to get as much common sense that humans could.
 Robots, with them replacing jobs, can lead to severe unemployment, unless if humans
can fix the unemployment with jobs AI can't do or severly change the government to
communism.
 As seen partially with smartphones and other technology already, humans can become
too dependent on AI and lose their mental capacities.
 Machines can easily lead to destruction, if put in the wrong hands. That is, at least a
fear of many humans.
AI as robots can supercede humans, enslaving us.

Marco L. Sultan
Respondent 15: Advantages
 Less Errors: errors are reduced and the chance of reaching accuracy with a greater
degree of precision is a possibility.
 Faster Decisions: Using Artificial intelligence, decisions can be taken very fast.
 Daily Applications: In today’s era, A.I. is used in many applications just like Apple’s
Siri, Window’s Cortana, Google’s OK Google. Using these type of applications we can
communicate with our device using our voice. Which makes our work easy.
 No Emotions: The complete absence of emotions makes machines to think logically
and take right decision where in humans emotions are associated with moods that can
affect human efficiency.
 No Breaks: Unlike humans, machines can work 24/7 without any break.
 Medical Applications: Increasing the integration of A.I. tools in every day medical
applications could improve the efficiency of treatments and avoid cost by minimizing
the risk of false diagnosis.
 Taking risks on behalf of humans: In various situations, Robots can be used instead of
Humans to avoid the risks.
 Public Utilities: Self-Driving cars, which would greatly reduce the number of car
crashes. Facial recognition can be used for security. Natural language processing to
communicate with humans in their language.
Disadvantages
 High Costs: The hardware and software need to get updated with time to meet the
latest requirements.

Marco L. Sultan
 Unemployment: The increasing number of machines leading to unemployment and job
security issues. As machines are replacing human resources, the rate of people losing
their jobs will increase.
 Can’t think out of box: Robots can only do the work that they are programmed to do.
They cannot act any different outside of whatever algorithm or programming is stored
in their internal circuits.
 Can’t feel Compassion and Sympathy: There is no doubt that machines are much better
when it comes to working efficiently but they cannot replace the human connection
that makes the team. Machines cannot develop a bond with humans.
 High dependence on machines: In today's generation, most of the people are highly
dependent on Applications like Siri. With so much assistance from machine, if humans
do not need their thinking abilities, these abilities will be gradually decrease. In future
with the heavy use of application of artificial intelligence, human may become fully
dependent on machines, losing their mental capacities.
The two respondents clearly states that Artificial Intelligence makes our lives easy in
the way that it is helping us do a lot of things in our everyday lives. Also, Artificial
Intelligence downsides are unemployment, high costs and not being creative. Since
machines currently lack moral and emotional values, valid judgments concerning what is
right or wrong cannot be effectively made. Regarding having the ability to be creative, it is
true that machines can assist with creating and designing; however, they cannot match the
power of thinking within the human brain as well as the originality present in a creative
mind.

Marco L. Sultan
3. How does Artificial Intelligence affect our lives?
100% of the respondents said that Artificial Intelligence is everywhere now. Thus, it
affects us in every way.
Artificial Intelligence is everywhere, and it is making a huge difference in our lives
every day. AI is influencing the way we live and how we interact with the world, and there
is much more to come in the years to follow with more improvements. Sometimes AI is less
obvious, like when you make an abnormal purchase on your credit card and don’t get a
fraud alert from your bank. As AI becomes more deeply integrated into our lives, it will
become the new infrastructure powering a second industrial revolution.
4. What can Artificial Intelligence do in the future?
Respondents said that Artificial Intelligence can do everything in the future.
Below are predictions of 7 Tech Experts that Artificial Intelligence will do in the future.
1. Increase security
In the opinion of Nicholas Horbaczewski, CEO & Founder at the Drone Racing League,
drones will change the way we live. Somehow they represent now what mobile phones were in
the ’90s. Drones are devices able to move objects very rapidly and, especially, they can fly.
Package delivery, emergency responses or urgent delivery of medical products, anything will
become immediate with drones. Horbaczewski consider them also a central point in the security
field: they will make the world safer thanks to the possibility of inspect places otherwise difficult
to control. Drones will become part of our daily lives and will change it radically, as well as
smartphones and internet did.

Marco L. Sultan
2. Generate new services (and possible social issues)
Martin Ford, author of NY Times, says that Artificial Intelligence will improve our
ability of solving problems and generate new ideas. It is likely that in the following ten years AI
and robotics will be completely integrated in the business operations and will have a great impact
on organizations’ efficiency: new products and service based on AI will be created, as well as
new markets and customers. At the same time, Artificial Intelligence may eliminate certain jobs,
which will become automated, and may create critical situations in terms of privacy, security and
military applications. According to Ford, in ten years the debate about possible issues deriving
from the application of AI will be central both at political and social levels.
3. Empower businesses
Matthew Kamen, VSP of Engineering at Foursquare, thinks that the applications of AI
are “stuck” at this moment, and they are limited to reproduce what human beings already can do,
or what humans trust to let them do. In ten years these trust barriers against the AI technology
will decrease progressively and our addiction to algorithms and intelligent machines will grow.
Kamen believes that AI technologies will bring a great change in enterprises and in the
development of consumer-based applications, by giving to analysts, developers, marketers and
many more professionals the chance to interact and understand users much better.
4. Improve healthcare
In the healthcare field, according to Serkan Kutan – CTO of Zocdoc, intelligent machines
would be very useful. Many doctors work too much, they can’t see all their patients and can’t
keep up-to-date with the new studies and advancements for lack of time. For that, AI could give

Marco L. Sultan
a great help, especially for all what is related to patients data analysis and diagnostics. Indeed,
machines would have a faster and immediate access to a larger set of clinical data and the doctor,
by delegating that part of work, will have more time to interact with his patients and improve
outcomes.
5. Facilitate sustainability
Nikita Johnson, Founder of RE.WORK, declares that Artificial Intelligence will have a
serious impact on every single industrial field and everything we do. But at a higher level, fields
like sustainability, environmental problems and climate changes, AI and Machine Learning
would be at the forefront. There are many areas in which the machines could help a lot and
create improvements, especially if we talk about the great challenges of our century like
urbanization, population increases and energy. So, Artificial Intelligence will be used not only to
increase business productivity but also for higher and more significant purposes.
6. Make humans smarter
John Stecher, Group Managing Director at Barclays Investment Bank, says that
computing power will increase progressively, by giving us more power in training our Artificial
Intelligence models. In addition, the amount of data analyzed will grow exponentially and that
allows us to monitor more elements in our platforms and in the world in general. Combining that
with Artificial Intelligence, we will have the ability of making more intelligent predictions about
future behaviours and events and train smarter knowledge systems and models. Stecher thinks
that the worries of many specialists about risks involved in the application of AI technology were
groundless, because training a machine is similar to educate a child; if you teach him well, for

Marco L. Sultan
example what is wrong and what is right, he will grow and become a productive member of the
society who cares about people and future as a human being.
7. Inspire artists
Stephanie Dinkins, Transdisciplinary AI Artist, thinks that in ten years the intelligent
algorithms will be part of most decisions made, small or big, and that artists may be involved in
Artificial Intelligence. Even if that concept may sound daunting, it is just a matter of starting to
use and explore AI potentials. Dickins encourages the artists to exploit AI with the purpose of
create beautiful and expressive artistic works like they would make with any other medium. On
the other side, she refuses completely the idea of the technology that becomes the artist. AI must
be considered as a tool to increase human thought and develop creativity, not something to turn
creativity or ethics over to the machines. According to the artist, what developers of AI should
ask themselves is how can AI systems be used to increase productivity while respecting human
diversity, dignity, and our cultural specificities?
Chapter III: Conclusion
Artificial intelligence is awakening fear and enthusiasm in equal measures. Some have
likened the advances in AI to “summoning the devil” and there are concerns that AI threatens
to end humanity. AI can scare people, perhaps due to the science fiction notion that machines
will take all of our jobs; ‘wake up’ and do unintended things. However, where some see
danger, others see opportunity!
This research pulls together information from a series of articles on Artificial
Intelligence and its impact on the future world of work.

Marco L. Sultan
It’s likely that the upwards trend in capabilities of AI systems will continue; that
systems will eventually become capable of solving a wide range of tasks (rather than a new
system having to be built for each new problem), and that the adoption of AI within many
industries will continue. AI is currently unable to reproduce human behaviour or surpass
human thinking; it’s likely to stay a complementary workforce tool for a very long time to
come. However, steady gradual improvements in AI could reach a point where AI exceeds
current expectations. The continued development of AI will depend on moral public opinion
regarding the benefits and acceptability of it, on businesses continuing to gain competitive
advantage from using it, and continued funding for research and development of it.
It is difficult to determine where this technology might create new jobs in the future,
yet easier to see which tasks AI might take from humans. It’s likely that any routine,
repetitive task will be automated. This shift to automation has happened for centuries, but
what is different today is that it affects many more industries. It’s likely that we will adapt to
technological changes by inventing entirely new types of work, and by taking advantage of
our uniquely human capabilities.
In a future where benefits and risks are ‘incalculable’, it will be how humans choose to
use the technology that decides whether it’s good or bad. To harness the power and benefits
of Artificial Intelligence, we need to decide what we want Artificial Intelligence to ‘learn’
and/or do, and what questions we want them to answer. It is clearly important that controls
and goals for AI are set, and that a lot more empirical work needs to be done to gain a better
understanding of how goal systems (in AI) should be built, and what values the machines
should have. Once this is done, it will provide an idea of what sort of things should be put in
a regulatory framework, or whether existing regulatory frameworks are robust enough.

Marco L. Sultan
If AI is seen to contribute to business success via enabling a better understanding of
customers, along with a more rapid response to their needs, then its uptake within the world of
work is likely to continue. In the future, many tasks will have the opportunity of input from
AI. However, rather than replacing humans, it is the combination of AI and humans that is
likely to bring the greatest benefits to the working world. Therefore, we might conclude that
it will be how AI ‘interacts’ with humans that will influence its role in the future world of
work. If human values are carefully articulated and embedded into AI systems then socially
unacceptable outcomes might be prevented.
References:
https://searchenterpriseai.techtarget.com/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence
https://futureoflife.org/background/benefits-risks-of-artificial-intelligence/
https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/artificial-intelligence-changes-everything-2019/
https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/12/10/artificial-intelligence-and-the-future-of-humans/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Letter_on_Artificial_Intelligence
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/artificial-intelligence-future-scenarios-180968403/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/08/06/7-job-skills-of-the-future-that-ais-and-
robots-cant-do-better-than-humans/#7f064156c2e9
https://news.itu.int/artificial-intelligence-improve-lives/

Marco L. Sultan
https://www.hexacta.com/2018/07/06/how-artificial-intelligence-affects-our-lives-without-
noticing-it/
https://www.shponline.co.uk/technology/artificial-intelligence-discussion
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeOYASjTEx4waVWHYURoM13SsQPYi61hknB
0sDELOFMZ8z8Jg/viewform
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/11Fur_RVnemE7-
yQblXEmgA9KPAOC7zA8rX71fFyk6AU/edit

Marco L. Sultan

The Effects of Artificial Intelligence On Humans

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The Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Humans

Chapter I: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

The term "Artificial Intelligence" is exceptionally broad in the scope. Artificial

simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It works

Types of Artificial Intelligence

Mainly, there are four types of Artificial Intelligence based on Functionalities

is the perfect example of this type of machine.

items and monitor them over time.