Science Department

UNITY SECONDARY SCHOOL

PHYSICS

CHAPTER 8: TEMPERATURE
ANSWERS

NAME:______________________( ) CLASS: ________ DATE: _________

Exercise 8A: Temperature and Heat

1. What is temperature?

Temperature is the measure of degree of hotness and coldness.

______________________________________________________________

2. What is the instrument used to measure temperature?

Thermometer
______________________________________________________________

3. What is heat?

Heat is a form of energy.

______________________________________________________________

4. Distinguish between heat and temperature. How are they related?

Temperature is a measurement and heat is energy.

______________________________________________________________

They are related in that heat flows from a higher temperature to a lower
______________________________________________________________

temperature.
______________________________________________________________

Chapter 8: Temperature
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Science Department

UNITY SECONDARY SCHOOL

PHYSICS

CHAPTER 8: TEMPERATURE
ANSWERS

NAME:______________________( ) CLASS: ________ DATE: _________

Exercise 8B: Thermometer and Temperature Scale

1. A thermometer must have a physical property that changes with temperature.

Give 2 examples of physical properties that change with temperature.

(a) Volume of a fixed mass of liquid Electrical resistance of a piece of metal

___________________________________________________________

(b) Electrical voltage Pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume.

___________________________________________________________

2. Name 2 desirable features when designing thermometers.

(a) Easy to read Safe to use Able to measure wide range of temperature
__________________________________________________________

(b) Sensitive to small temperature change Responsive to temperature change

__________________________________________________________

3. Explain why fixed points are needed before a temperature scale is marked on
a thermometer.
Fixed points are standard reference points so that other temperatures can be defined.
______________________________________________________________

4. Define ice point.

The temperature of pure melting ice at one atmospheric pressure.
______________________________________________________________

5. Define steam point.

The temperature of steam from water boiling at one atmospheric pressure.

______________________________________________________________

6. Describe how a temperature scale may be set up.

1. ______________________________________________________________
Choose a suitable thermometric substance.

2. ______________________________________________________________
Choose two fixed standard temperature.

3. ______________________________________________________________
Divide temperature range between the two fixed points into fixed number of equal parts

4. ______________________________________________________________
Numbers to be associated with each division

Chapter 8: Temperature
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Science Department

7. What are the following temperatures when measured in Kelvins?

(a) 0 C 273 K
__________________

(b) 100 C 373 K

__________________

(c) 73 K
-200 C __________________

8. What are the following temperatures when measured in Celsius (C)?

(a) 0K -273 C
__________________

(b) 37 C
310 K __________________

9. In an unmarked mercury thermometer, it was found that the length l 0 was 5 cm

and the length l 100 was 25 cm. What is the temperature when l is 14 cm?
l  l 0
  100C
l 100  l 0
14 cm  5 cm
  100C
25 cm  5 cm
9
  100C
20
 45C

10. The length of a mercury thread is found to be 10 mm and 130 mm when

placed in turn in pure melting ice and in steam, respectively. When placed in a
beaker of water, the length is 52 mm. What is the temperature of the water in
the beaker?
l l
   0  100C
l 100  l 0
52 mm  10 mm
  100C
130 mm  10 mm
42
  100C
120
 35C

Chapter 8: Temperature
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Science Department

11. The length of a mercury thread is 10 cm when immersed in pure melting ice
and 30 cm when placed in a liquid of temperature of 25 °C. What is the length
of the mercury thread at steam point?

l  l 0
  100C
l 100  l 0
l  l 0
l 100  l 0   100C

l  l 0
l 100   100C  l 0

30  10
  100  10
25
20
  100  10  90 cm
25
12. A piece of metal wire has a resistance of 1000  at ice point and 2000  at
steam point. When immersed in molten wax, it has a resistance of 1570.
What is the temperature of the molten wax?

R  R0
  100C
R100  R0
1570  1000
  100C
2000  1000
570
  100C
1000
 57C

13. The resistance of a piece of platinum wire in melting ice 800. When the
resistance has a value of 1000 the temperature reading is 182 °C. What is
the resistance of the wire when it is placed in boiling water?
R  R0
  100C
R100  R0
R  R0
R100  R0   100C

R  R0
R100   100C  R0

1000  800
  100  800
182
200
  100  800  910 
182

Chapter 8: Temperature
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Science Department

UNITY SECONDARY SCHOOL

PHYSICS

CHAPTER 8: TEMPERATURE
ANSWERS

NAME:______________________( ) CLASS: ________ DATE: _________

Exercise 8C: Thermocouple Thermometer

1. A thermocouple attached to a millivoltmeter reads 10.0 mV when one junction

is immersed in ice and the other junction in steam. What is the temperature of
a warm liquid in °C if the millivoltmeter reads 4.8 mV with one junction in ice
and the other in the liquid?

+ 10.0 mV + 4.8 mV

A A

B B
ice Steam ice liquid
0 °C 100 °C 0 °C ?? °C

  k 

k

1 
 2
 1  2
10.0 mV 4.8 mV

100C  0C   0C
4.8 mV
  0C  ( 100C  0C )
10.0 mV
4.8 mV
  100C
10.0 mV
 48C

Chapter 8: Temperature
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Science Department

2. In a given thermocouple thermometer, an e.m.f. of 4.6 mV is generated when

junction Y is in boiling water. If Y is now placed in boiling liquid at -194 °C,
what would be the e.m.f. generated?

+ 4.6 mV ?? mV

A Y A Y

B B
ice Boiling ice liquid
0 °C water 0 °C -194 °C

1 
 2
 1  2
4.6 mV 2

100C  0C  194C  0C
4.6 mV
2   ( 194C )
100C  0C
 8.92 mV

3. A thermocouple thermometer is calibrated at 0 °C and 100 °C. The results are

shown in the table below.

Temperature / °C 0 100
Thermocouple output / mV 0 22

(a) Calculate the recorded temperature when the output of the thermocouple is
18 mV.  2  1

2 1
100C  0C
 2   18 mV
22 mV
  0C  81.8C
  81.8C
(b) State one advantage of using a thermocouple thermometer rather than a
liquid-in-glass laboratory thermometer.
Can ____________________________________________________________
measure temperature at a point. Large temperature range of -200 °C to 1500 °C

Responsive to rapid temperature change.

____________________________________________________________

Chapter 8: Temperature
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