IS : 12235 (Parts 1 to 11) - 1986

(Reaffirmed 1998)
Edition 1.1
(1999-08)

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

UDC 621.643.2 [678.743.22] : 628.1 : 620.1

© BIS 2003

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 8
 IS : 12235 (Parts 1 to 11) - 1986

CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 3
IS : 12235 METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE
WATER SUPPLIES
Part 1 Measurement of Outside Diameter 4
Part 2 Measurement of Wall Thickness 5

Part 3 Test for Opacity 6

Part 4 Determining the Detrimental Effect on the Composition of Water 8

Part 5 Reversion Test 9

Part 6 Stress Relief Test 10

Part 7 Resistance to Sulphuric Acid 11

Part 8 Internal Hydrostatic Pressure Test 12

Part 9 Impact Strength at 0°C 13

Part 10 Method for Determination of Organotin as Tin Aqueous Solution 15

Part 11 Extractability of Cadmium and Mercury Occurring as Impurities 17

1
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard (Parts 1 to 11) was
adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on
20 August 1986, after the draft finalized by the
Sanitary Appliances and Water Fittings
Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 This standard has been formulated to
specify methods of test for evaluating physical
and mechanical properties of unplasticized
PVC pipes for potable water supplies. The first
ten parts of this standard were earlier included
in IS : 4985-1988*. For the sake of convenience
as well as for keeping them up to date, these
test methods have been separated from
IS : 4985. Part 11 is newly added method of
test.
0.3 In formulating this standard due weightage
has been given to international co-ordination
among the standards and practices prevailing
in different countries in addition to relating it
to the practices in the field in this country. This
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).
3
IS : 12235 (Parts 1 to 11) - 1986
has been done by basing Part 11 on the
following International publication.
ISO/DIS 6992 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) pipes for drinking water supply —
Extractability of cadmium and mercury
occurring as impurities, issued by International
Organization for Standardization.
0.4 This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment
No. 1 (August 1999). Side bar indicates
modification of the text as the result of
incorporation of the amendment.
0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a
particular requirement of this standard is
complied with, the final value, observed or
calculated, expressing the result of a test or
analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance
with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant
places retained in the rounded off value should
be the same as that of the specified value in
this standard.
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).
IS : 12235 (Part 1) - 1986
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 1 MEASUREMENT OF OUTSIDE DIAMETER
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 1) covers the method
for measurement of outside diameter of
unplasticized PVC pipes manufactured
according to IS : 4985-1988*.
2. MEAN OUTSIDE DIAMETER
2.1 Required Precision — The precision
required in each measurement is 0.1 mm.
2.2 Principle — The determination of the
circumference of the pipe and division by
3.142 .
2.2.1 A Pitape with an accuracy of at least
0.05 mm shall be used for the direct
measurement of the mean outside diameter.
2.3 Measuring apparatus shall be an ordinary
flexible tape or flexible tape suitably calibrated
to read diameters directly. This tape shall
comply with the following requirements:
a) It shall be made of stainless steel or some
other suitable material,
b) It shall permit the reading to the nearest
0.05 mm,
c) It shall be graduated in such a way that
neither its own thickness nor the
thickness of the graduation has any
influence on the result of the
measurement, and
d) It shall have sufficient flexibility to
conform exactly to the circumference of
the pipe.
2.4 Procedure — Apply the tape on the whole
of the circumference perpendicular to the axis
of the pipe. The reading shall be taken only
under these conditions.
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).
4
2.5 Expression of the Result — Round off
the reading or calculate the mean outside
diameter to the next higher 0.1 mm.
NOTE — The measurement of diameters less than or
equivalent to 40 mm may be obtained from the average
of 4 uniformly distributed measurements of diameters
using vernier calipers. For higher diameters up to
110 mm pitapes or vernier calipers shall be used, taking
the average of two measurements at right angle.
3. OUTSIDE DIAMETER AT ANY POINT
3.1 Required Precision — The precision
required in each measurement is 0.05 mm.
3.2 Principle — Determination of the
maximum and minimum outside diameters of
cross-section, several outside diameters being
measured until maximum and minimum values
are found.
3.3 Measuring Apparatus — Slide calipers
permitting a reading to the nearest 0.05 mm.
3.4 Procedure — Place the fixed jaw of the
slide calipers on one side of the pipe and the
moving jaw on the other side, perpendicular to
the axis of the pipe, and move the calipers
along until both jaws make a clean contact with
the surface of the pipe. Take the reading after
checking that the instrument is in correct
position in relation to the pipe. Take
measurement around the same cross-section,
turning the calipers in the plane of this section
until the maximum and minimum values are
obtained.
3.5 Expression of the Results — Round off
the reading to the next higher 0.1 mm and note
the readings of the largest and the smallest
values measured for the same cross-section.
 IS : 12235 (Part 2) - 1986

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 2 MEASUREMENT OF WALL THICKNESS

1. SCOPE d) The surface of the fixed and movable

1.1 This standard (Part 2) covers the method of
measurement of wall thickness of unplasticised
plastic pipes manufactured in accordance with
IS : 4985-1988*.
2. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
2.1 The wall thickness shall be measured by
any of the two methods given in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.
2.1.1 Dial Gauge Method
2.1.1.1 Required precision — The precision
required in each measurement of wall
thickness is 0.05 mm.
2.1.1.2 Measurement apparatus — The wall
thickness shall be measured with a dial gauge
complying with the following measurements:
a) It shall permit a reading up to 0.01 mm,
b) It shall be equipped with a fixed rod
forming a rigid unit with the apparatus,
c) The extremity of the plunger (movable
contact point) shall be hemispherical in
shape with a radius of approximately
1.0 mm, and
contact points shall be made of hard steel.
2.1.1.3 Procedure — After introducing the fixed
contact point inside and perpendicular to the
axis of the pipe and applying it without force on
to the internal surface of the wall, free the
plunger and seek a position for the apparatus
which provides the lowest reading.
2.1.1.4 Expression of the result — Round off the
lowest reading so obtained to the nearest
0.1 mm.
2.1.2 Micrometer Method
2.1.2.1 The precision in each measurement of
wall thickness is 0.05 mm.
2.1.2.2 Measuring apparatus — The wall
thickness shall be measured with a ball-ended
micrometer permitting a reading to the
accuracy of 0.01 mm.
2.1.2.3 Expression of the result — Round off the
reading obtained to the nearest 0.1 mm.

*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable

water supplies ( second revision ).

5
IS : 12235 (Part 3) - 1986
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 3 TEST FOR OPACITY
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 3) specifies a method
for the determination of the opacity of plastics
pipes and fittings.
1.2 It lays down the maximum acceptable limit
for light which may pass through the wall of
the pipe or fitting, if the particular standard
specifies that they be opaque.
2. TEST METHOD 1
2.1 Principle — Measurement of the light flux
passing through a test piece cut from a pipe of
fitting.
2.2 Apparatus — The apparatus shall
comprise the following.
2.2.1 Adjustable power arc or incandescent
lamp, the intensity of light of which is constant
to ± 1 percent. When an arc lamp is used, a
suitable filter shall be provided to limit the
spectrum to 0.40 to 0.50 mm.
2.2.2 Diaphragm and optical lenses; adjusted to
obtain a parallel and symmetrical incident
beams. The diaphragm shall be circular.
2.2.3 Support, arranged so that it maintains
the surface of the test piece to be examined
perpendicular to the optical axis and at a fixed
distance from the diaphragm of the cell.
2.2.4 Photoelectric cell, used such that the
response of the reading or recording apparatus
is a linear and uniform function of the light
intensity, from a maximum incidence I0 up to
at least 0.01 I0.
2.3 Test Pieces — Take section of convenient
length from the pipe or a sample of suitable
dimensions and the original thickness from the
wall of the fitting.
2.4 Procedure
2.4.1 Calibration
a) Check that the equipment indicators are
at zero, in the absence of light. Ensure
that the photoelectric cell is protected
from incident daylight;
b) Check that the indicators reach 100
percent, in the light emitted by the
luminous source in the absence of the test
piece;
c) Check the precision of the reading using
6
standard lenses that give an absorption
percentage of about 0.2 percent; and
d) Check the alignment of the installation.
2.4.2 Measurement
2.4.2.1 Adjust the apparatus to obtain a
maximum reading, carefully arranging the
light sensor in such a way that it receives the
maximum light flux and record the maximum
deviation DM.
2.4.2.2 Place the test piece on the support and
position the whole ensuring that the test piece
is centred and perpendicular to the light beam.
2.4.2.3 Read the indicated maximum deviation
( D ) produced by the light beam. This deviation
corresponds to the light flux which has passed
through the wall of the test piece.
2.5 Calculation and Expression of Results
— Calculate the percentage of light which has
passed through the wall of the test piece using
the formula:
D - × 100
--------
DM
where
D = maximum deviation produced by the
light flux from the source which has
passed through the wall of the test
piece, and
DM = maximum deflection produced directly
by the light from the source.
2.6 Test Report — The test report shall
indicate the percentage of light that passed
through the wall of the test piece and whether
or not the result complies with the requirement
specified in 3.
3. SPECIFICATION
3.1 If the particular standard specifies that the
pipe or fittings shall be opaque, the percentage
of light which passes the wall of the pipe or the
fittings, determined according to 2 of this
standard, shall not exceed 0.2 percent.
4. TEST METHOD 2
4.1 Apparatus
4.1.1 The following are the apparatus required:
a) Source of light (Halogen Lamp 1 000 W),

b) Photo-electric cell (with filter correction to
match eye response), and
c) Digital current meter.
4.2 Procedure
4.2.1 The light source and photo-electric cell
shall be set up at a distance to get maximum
reading in the galvanometer in the absence of
sample and also in the absence of day light.
Connect the galvanometer to the photoelectric
cell and the maximum deflection produced by
the light flux of the source falling on the
photo-electric cell shall be noted.
7
IS : 12235 (Part 3) - 1986
4.2.2 Place the test piece on the photo-electric
cell in such a manner that one wall is touching
the photo cell surface between the light source
and the cell (distance between source and from
cell remaining constant).
4.2.3 Read on the spot light galvanometer the
maximum deflection produced by the light flux
of the source. The deflection corresponds to the
light flux passing through the wall of the test
piece.
4.2.4 The second deflection expressed as a
percentage of the first shall give the measure of
visible light transmitted.
IS : 12235 (Part 4) - 1986
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 4 DETERMINING THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECT ON
THE COMPOSITION OF WATER
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 4) covers the methods
of test for determining the deterimental effect
on the composition of water flowing through
plastic pipes manufactured according to
IS : 4985-1988*.
2. PROCEDURE
2.1 Three pieces of pipe, as received, each of a
length to contain when stoppered not less than
the quantity of extractant required for
subsequent analysis, are plugged at one end
with a stopper of polyethylene (or some other
non-interfering material), fitted with a glass
cock and clamped to a stand with open end
upwards. Tap water is poured into the pipes
until it overflows slightly. Then the cock shall
be opened just sufficiently for a velocity of
3 m/min to be maintained inside the pipe. The
pipe shall be kept continuously filled with
water. After a period of 6 hours, the
pre-washing is discontinued, the stopper
removed and the interior of the pipe rinsed out
with a little distilled water ( see
IS : 1070-1977† ) to remove any remnants of
tap water. During pre-washing (but not
subsequently), the pipe sample may be fitted
with a non-interfering core so as to reduce the
quantity of washing water required, provided
the water velocity of 3 m/min is maintained.
2.1.1 After the test pieces have been cleaned as
described above, close one end of each sample
tightly with a material that does not contain
any toxic substances and also does not interfere
with the determination of such constituents in
the aqueous samples.
2.1.2 Fill each pipe with distilled water ( see
IS : 1070-1977† ) containing added carbonic
acid equivalent to 150 mg CO2/litre. A freshly
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).
†Specification for water for general laboratory use
( second revision ).
8
made solution shall be used for each series of
tests ( see 2.1.6 ).
2.1.3 Close the other end of each pipe.
2.1.4 Maintain the pipes and contents at room
temperature for 48 hours, then empty the
water into suitable containers and retain for
analysis. This is the sample for lead
determination (first extraction).
2.1.5 Refill the pipes with the standard solution
as in 2.1.2, close and allow to stand as above for
48 hours. Empty and reject the solution. Refill
and repeat for a further 48 hours and retain
this third sample of solution for analysis. This
is the sample for analysis for lead (third
extraction), tin and any other toxic substances.
2.1.6 The water containing the desired quantity
of carbon dioxide may conveniently be prepared
by saturating a large bulk of water with carbon
dioxide, determining the carbon dioxide content
by a standard method such as that given in
IS : 3025-1964* (with suitable adjustment of
quantities) and then mixing with the calculated
quantity of carbon dioxide free water.
2.1.7 The metals present shall now be
determined. Determine the contents of lead and
organotin by the methods described in
IS : 3025-1964* and Part 10/Sec 1 and Sec 2
respectively or by any other suitable method.
The arithmetic average of the triplicate
determinations shall be reported in milligrams
per litre of the standard solution.
2.2 Assessment of Results
2.2.1 The specimens, when tested as above,
shall meet the requirements given in 6.3 of
IS : 4985-1988†.
*Methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical)
for water used in industry.
†Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 5
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 5) covers the method of
test for reversion test performed on
unplasticized PVC pipes manufactured
according to IS : 4985-1988*.
2. GENERAL
2.1 This test may be carried out either in an air
oven or alternatively in a bath of ethylene
glycol, glycerol or mineral oil free from
aromatic hydrocarbons.
2.2 Form of Test Specimen — The test
specimen shall consist of a length of pipe
200 ± 20 mm long. Two circumferential marks
shall be scribed on the test specimen 100 mm
apart and in such a way that one of these
marks is approximately 15 mm from one end of
the specimen.
3. IMMERSION METHOD
3.1 Apparatus — The apparatus shall consist
of a thermostatically controlled bath in which
heat transfer medium is ethylene glycol,
glycerol or mineral oil free from aromatic
hydrocarbons. The bath is stirred continuously
and maintained automatically at a temperature
of 150 ± 2°C.
3.2 Procedure — The test specimen shall be
suspended in the heat transfer medium by the
end farther from the scribed marks in such a
way that both scribed marks are completely
immersed. Care shall be taken to ensure that
the specimen does not touch the sides or bottom
of the bath. The test specimen shall be
immersed in the bath for a time determined as
follows:
a) For pipe of wall thickness not greater than
8.6 mm — 15 minutes,
b) For pipe of wall thickness greater than
8.6 mm but not greater than 14.1 mm —
30 minutes, and
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).
IS : 12235 (Part 5) - 1986
REVERSION TEST
c) For pipe of wall thickness greater than
14.1 mm — 60 minutes.
After the specified immersion period, the
specimen shall be removed from the bath, laid
on its side and allowed to cool to room
temperature. The distance between the two
scribed marks shall be measured along the
surface of the pipe and the percentage change
in length calculated.
4. OVEN METHOD
4.1 Apparatus — An electrically heated air
oven with circulating fan, the whole interior of
which is maintained automatically at a
temperature of 150 ± 2°C.
4.2 Procedure — The specimen shall be
placed in the oven and the time measured from
the moment at which the oven regains a
temperature of 150°C. The test specimens shall
be kept in the oven for a time determined as
follows:
a) For pipe of wall thickness not greater than
8.6 mm — 60 minutes,
b) For pipe of wall thickness greater than
8.6 mm but not greater than 14.1 mm —
120 minutes, and
c) For pipe of wall thickness greater than
14.1 mm — 140 minutes.
After the specified period, the specimen shall be
removed from the oven, laid on its side and
allowed to cool to room temperature. The
distance between the two scribed marks shall
be measured along the surface of the pipe and
the percentage change in length calculated.
5. ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS
5.1 The specimen, when tested as above, shall
meet the requirements given in 6.4 of IS : 4985-
1988*.
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).
9
IS : 12235 (Part 6) - 1986

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 6 STRESS RELIEF TEST

1. SCOPE be placed in the oven. The specimen may be

1.1 This standard (Part 6) covers the method of supported, if necessary, by a simple jig that has
test for stress relief test performed on the been preheated in the oven.
unplasticized PVC pipes manufactured
according to IS : 4985-1988*. 4.2 The specimen shall be kept in the oven for 1
hour. The duration shall be measured from the
2. TEST SPECIMENS time at which the oven regains the temperature
2.1 The specimen shall consist of full bell end of 150°C.
portion with 100 mm length of plain pipe.
3. APPARATUS 4.3 After 1 hour, the specimen shall be removed
from the oven and allowed to cool naturally in
3.1 An electrically heated air oven with the air before examination.
circulating fan, the whole interior of which is
maintained automatically at a temperature of
5. ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS
150 ± 2°C.
4. PROCEDURE 5.1 The sample shall meet the requirements
4.1 The specimen standing on its bell end shall specified in 6.5 of IS : 4985-1988*.

*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable *Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ). water supplies ( second revision ).

10
 IS : 12235 (Part 7) - 1986

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 7 RESISTANCE TO SULPHURIC ACID

1. SCOPE dry and weighed, then totally immersed in

1.1 This standard (Part 7) covers the method of 93 ± 0.5 percent (m/m) sulphuric acid for 14
test for resistance to sulphuric acid of days at 55 ± 2°C. Care shall be taken to avoid
unplasticized PVC pipes manufactured gradual concentration of the acid during the
according to IS : 4985-1988*. test due to evaporation losses, etc. After the
specified time, the specimen shall be removed,
2. FORM OF TEST SPECIMEN washed in running water for 5 minutes wiped
2.1 The test specimen shall be cut from the pipe dry with a clean cloth and reweighed
and shall have a total surface area of immediately.
45 ± 3 cm2. 4. ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS
3. PROCEDURE 4.1 The average change in mass shall not
3.1 The test specimen shall be cleaned, wiped exceed the value given in 6.6 of IS : 4985-1988*.

*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable *Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ). water supplies ( second revision ).

11
IS : 12235 (Part 8) - 1986
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 8 INTERNAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TEST
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 8) covers the method of
test for internal hydrostatic pressure test
carried out on unplasticized PVC pipes
manufactured according to IS : 4985-1988*.
2. GENERAL
2.1 The test shall be carried out not earlier
than 24 hour after the pipes have been
manufactured.
3. TEST SPECIMENS
3.1 A sample of pipe having free length
between the end fittings equal to ten times the
outside diameter but not less than 250 mm or
greater than 750 mm shall be taken for every
testing from each pipe to be tested.
4. APPARATUS
4.1 Equipment which permits the application of
controlled internal hydraulic pressure to the
specimen which is immersed in a σ = induced stress in MPa,
thermostatically controlled water-bath.
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 The pipe shall be fitted with the locking
plugs at both ends in such a way that the axial
forces coming from the internal pressure are
transmitted to the pipe. The pipe shall remain
free to move in longitudinal direction.
5.2 Through a closable opening in one of the
locking plugs, the pipe shall be filled with
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).
12
water at ambient temperature. It shall be then
put in a water-bath at the test temperature
(permissible deviation ± 1°C) and kept in the
bath for 1 hour to adjust the temperature.
5.3 The pressure in the pipe shall then be
increased to the test pressure ( p ) gradually
and without shock, preferably within 10 to 30
seconds in the bath whose temperature has
been adjusted in accordance with 5.2. The
pressure with a permissible deviation of ± 2.5
percent shall be maintained for the test period
laid down in Table 4 of IS : 4985-1988*. The
test pressure ( p ) shall be calculated as follows
from the induced stress values in Table 4 and
dimensions given in Table 1 of IS : 4985-1988*:
2 σs
p = ------------
d–s
where
p = test pressure in MPa,
s = minimum wall thickness in mm,
nominal and
d = outside diameter in mm.
6. ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS
6.1 The sample shall not rupture during the
prescribed test period. The test showing bursts
within a distance d from the end cap, where d is
the mean outside diameter, shall be
disregarded and the test repeated.
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).
 IS : 12235 (Part 9) - 1986

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 9 IMPACT STRENGTH AT 0°C

1. SCOPE length which is positioned below the

1.1 This standard (Part 9) covers the method of guidelines so that the tip of the impact
test of impact strength of unplasticized PVC striker is not more than 2.5 mm from the
pipes at 0°C manufactured according to axis of the Vee block.
IS : 4985-1988*. f) A release mechanism such that a striker
2. SPECIMEN may fall through the height as required in
Table 1 on the top surface of the pipe
2.1 Each specimen 300 mm long shall be a specimen.
complete section of pipe. The ends of each
specimen shall be cut clean and square to the g) Means for maintaining a constant height
axis of the pipe. of fall by vertical movement of either the
Vee block, the release mechanism or the
3. CONDITIONING OF TEST SPECIMEN
main frame in order to accommodate
3.1 Each specimen shall be conditioned for at various diameters of pipe.
least 1 hour prior to test at a temperature of
0 ± 1°C. Individual specimens shall be tested
within 10 seconds of removal from the
conditioner. For ‘round the clock’ ( see 5.1.1.2 )
testing, when the test might not be completed
within 10 seconds, the specimen shall be
reconditioned for a further period of at least 10
minutes.
4. APPARATUS
4.1 An impact testing machine (falling weight
machine), a suitable form of which is shown in
Fig. 1, shall be used which shall consist
essentially of the following:
a) A main frame which may be rigidly fixed
in a true vertical position.
b) Guiderails carried from the inside of the
main frame on side bearings which may be
adjusted to keep them parallel and
vertical.
c) A striker which may fall freely within the
guiderails and which is equipped with a
hardened hemispherical striking surface
of 25 ± 1 mm diameter. The striking
surface shall be free from flats and/or
other imperfections.
d) An appropriate set of mass which may be
firmly attached to the striker to enable the
combined mass of striker and mass
attached to be adjusted to the values given
in Table 1.
e) A specimen support comprising a 120°
cast steel Vee block at least 250 mm in

*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable FIG. 1 IMPACT TESTING MACHINE
water supplies ( second revision ).

13
IS : 12235 (Part 9) - 1986

5.1.1.1 Each specimen shall be marked with a

TABLE 1 MASS OF STRIKER AND HEIGHT OF longitudinal zero line positioned at random and
FREE FALL from this line, further parallel lines shall be
[Clauses 4.1 (d), (f) and 5.1] marked equidistantly at intervals of not less
MEAN OUTSIDE TOTAL MASS HEIGHT OF FREE than 50 mm covering the circumference only
DIAMETER OF STRIKER FALL once. The pipes shall be placed on the Vee block
mm kg mm in such a way that one of the marked lines is
Up to and 0.25 500 ± 10 uppermost. The striker shall then be allowed to
including 25 fail freely on to the marked line on the pipe as
32 to 50 0.25 1 000 ± 10 described above.
63 to 75 0.25 2 000 ± 10
5.1.1.2 If the specimen does not fail as a result
90 to 110 0.50 2 000 ± 10 of cracking or splitting, the specimen shall be
125 and above 1.00 2 000 ± 10 rotated until the next marked line is uppermost
in the Vee block, and a second blow made with
5. PROCEDURE the striker. The process shall then be repeated
5.1 The total mass of the striker and height of until all the marked lines have been tested or
free fall shall be adjusted to the values until a failure is recorded. (This procedure of
appropriate to the diameter of the pipe under impact testing a specimen more than once is
test according to Table 1. known as ‘round the clock’ testing.)
5.1.1 The specimens up to and including 50 mm 6. ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS
mean outside diameter shall be subjected to a
single blow only. For pipes with mean outside 6.1 The sample, when tested as above, shall
diameter exceeding 50 mm size, the procedure meet the requirements given in A-1.7.1 of
given in 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2 shall be adopted. IS : 4985-1988*.

*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable

water supplies ( second revision ).

14

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 10 METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ORGANOTIN AS TIN
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 10) covers the method
for determination of organotin as tin aqueous
solution of unplasticized PVC pipes
manufactured according to IS : 4985-1988*.
2. PRINCIPLE
2.1 Toluene-3, 4-dithiol (dithiol) forms a
coloured complex with an acid solution of
divalent tin. This colloidally dispersed red
compound is used for the determination of tin
by a spectrophotometric method.
2.2 The lower limit of the determination is
about 2 µg of tin.
3. APPARATUS
3.1 Spectrophotometer — suitable for use in
the visible region of the spectrum with 1 and
4 cm cells.
4. REAGENTS
4.1 The reagents used shall be of. recognized
analytical reagents quality. Water complying
with IS : 1070-1977† shall be used throughout.
a) Concentrated Nitric Acid — relative
density 1.42.
b) Perchloric Acid — 600 g/litre solution.
c) Thioglycollic Acid — approximately 98
percent.
d) Dilute Sulphuric Acid — 25 percent (v/v)
solution.
e) Dodecyl Sodium Sulphate — 20 g/litre
solution. Dissolve 2 g of dodecyl sodium
sulphate (sodium lauryl sulphate) in
100 ml of warm water. The solution may
lose its clarity on cooling; gentle warming
will restore it.
f) Toluene-3, 4-dithiol — 2 g/litre solution.
Dissolve 0.2 g of toluene-3, 4-dithiol
(dithiol) or 0.28 g of zinc toluene-3,
4-dithiol in 5 ml or 5 N sodium hydroxide.
Add 1 ml of thioglycollic acid and dilute to
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).
†Specification for water for general laboratory use
( second revision ).
15
IS : 12235 (Part 10) - 1986
100 ml with water. Filter, if necessary.
This solution should be prepared fresh
daily.
NOTE — The life of this solution may be extended to
about one week if it is stored under refrigeration
conditions.
g) Standard Tin Solution — 0.2 mg Sn/ml.
Dissolve 0.200 g of tin in 100 ml of 50
percent ( v/v ) hydrochloric acid and dilute
with the same acid to 1 000 ml.
h) Standard Tin Solution — 0.02 mg Sn/ml.
Prepare by diluting the 0.2 mg Sn/ml
standard solution [reagent (g)] as required
with 25 percent ( v/v ) hydrochloric acid.
j) Standard Tin Solution — 0.004 mg Sn/ml.
Prepare by diluting the 0.02 mg Sn/ml
standard solution [reagent (h)] as required
with 25 percent ( v/v ) hydrochloric acid.
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 Preparation of Colour Standards
a) High Range ( 100-500 µm Tin per Test ) —
Into six 25-ml one-mark volumetric flasks
( see IS : 915-1975* ) transfer volumes of
the 0.004 mg/ml standard tin solution
[reagent (j)] from 0 to 5.0 ml increasing by
stages of 1.0 ml. Treat each in the
following manner:
Dilute with water to about 6 ml, add 2 drops
of thioglycollic acid [reagent (c)] followed by
2 ml of the dilute sulphuric acid [reagent (d)]
and mix thoroughly. Cautiously add 0.4 ml of
the dodecyl sodium sulphate solution
[reagent (e)] with constant swirling; avoid
shaking which creates foam. Continue to
swirl the contents of the flask while adding
0.2 ml of the toluene-3, 4-dithiol solution
[reagent (f)]. Dilute to 25 ml, stopper the
flask and shake thoroughly. Fifteen minutes
after the addition of toluene-3, 4-dithiol
solution, measure the optical density of each
solution in a 1-cm cell at a wavelength of
535 µm and with water in the matched
comparison cell. Prepare graph of the optical
density readings against micrograms of tin
present.
*Specification for one-mark volumetric flask ( first
revision ).
IS : 12235 (Part 10) - 1986
b) Low Range ( Up to 100 µm Tin per Test )
— Into six 50-ml one-mark volumetric
flasks ( see IS : 915-1975* ) transfer
volumes of the 0.02 mg/ml standard tin
solution [reagent (h)] from 0 to 10.0 ml
increasing by stages of 2.0 ml. Treat each
in the following manner:
Dilute with water to about 15 ml, add 2
drops of thioglycollic acid [reagent (c)]
followed by 10 ml of the dilute sulphuric
acid [reagent (d)] and mix thoroughly.
Cautiously add 2.0 ml of dodecyl sodium
sulphate solution [reagent (e)] with
constant swirling; avoid shaking, which
creates foam. Continue to swirl the
contents of the flask while adding
1.0 ml of toluene-3, 4-dithoil solution
[reagent (f)]. Dilute to 25 ml, stopper
the flask and shake thoroughly. Fifteen
minutes after the addition of toluene-3,
4-dithoil solution measure the optical
density of each solution in a 4-cm cell at
a wavelength of 535 µm and with water
in the matched comparison cell. Prepare
a graph of the optical density readings
*Specification for one-mark volumetric flasks ( first
revision ).
16
against the micrograms of tin present.
5.2 Determination — Evaporate a suitable
volume of the test solution ( see Part 4 ) to
dryness, add 2 ml of the diluted sulphuric acid
[reagent (d)] and evaporate to fumes of sulphur
trioxide. Add concentrated nitric acid [reagent
(a)] dropwise until the oxidation is complete.
Cool, add 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid
[reagent (a)] followed by 0.2 ml of perchloric
acid [reagent (b)] and evaporate to fumes of
sulphur trioxide. Cool, transfer the contents of
the basin quantitatively to 10 ml one-mark
volumetric flask ( see IS : 915-1975* ) and
dilute to about 8 ml with water. Add two drops
of thioglycollic acid [reagent (c)] and, with
constant swirling, 0.4 ml of the dodecyl sodium
sulphate solution [reagent (e)]. Add 0.2 ml of
the toluene-3, 4-dithiol solution [reagent (f)];
dilute to the mark, stopper the flask and shake
thoroughly. Transfer a quantity to a suitable
cell and 15 minutes after the addition of
toluene-3, 4-dithoil solution, measure its optical
density at a wave-length of 535 µm, with water
in the matched comparison cell, and read the
amount of tin present from the appropriate
calibration graph ( see 5.1 ).
*Specification for one-mark volumetric flasks ( first
revision ).

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED
PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
PART 11 EXTRACTABILITY OF CADMIUM AND MERCURY OCCURRING
AS IMPURITIES
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 11) specifies a method
of test for the determination of the
extractability of cadmium and mercury
occurring as impurities from unplasticized PVC
pipe manufactured according to
IS : 4985-1988*.
2. FIELD OF APPLICATION
2.1 This standard applies to unplasticized
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes intended for the
transport of drinking water. It only relates to
the extractability of:
a) cadmium and its derivatives, and
b) mercury and its derivatives.
3. PRINCIPLE
3.1 Pre-washing of test pieces during a fixed
time. Filling the test pieces with water acidified
with carbon dioxide. Determination of the
quantity of extracted impurity.
NOTE — The analytical test methods to be used for the
determination of the quantity of material taken into
solution are not defined. They shall, however, allow the
analysis to be carried out with an accuracy of 0.005 mg/l
for cadmium and of 0.000 6 mg/l for mercury.
4. APPARATUS
4.1 Glass Tube with Glass Cock
4.2 Stoppers in polyethylene or any other
material which has been shown not to effect the
results.
4.3 Distilled water, acidified to a pH of 4.5 ± 0.1
by bubbling a current carbon dioxide through
it.
5. PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
5.1 For each test, select three pieces of the pipe
at random, each of which is 300 mm in length
and has an internal volume at least equal to the
volume of the extracting liquid required to
determine with the required precision the
amount of material which has migrated.
6. PROCEDURE
6.1 Pre-washing
6.1.1 Close one end of each test piece with a
stopper ( see 4.2 ) fitted centrally with the
lengths of glass tube ( see 4.1 ) fitted with a
stopcock.
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
water supplies ( second revision ).
17
IS : 12235 (Part 11) - 1986
6.1.2 Clamp the test pieces vertically with open
end upwards.
6.1.3 Pass tap water of pH 7 to 8 through the
test pieces so that its linear rate of flow is
3 m/min, calculate from the average internal
cross-sectional area of the pipe and the test
pieces are continuously filled with water.
6.1.4 Maintain the water flow for a period of
60 +10 min.
–0
6.1.5 At the end of this period, stop the water
flow, remove the stoppers and rinse out the test
pieces with distilled water.
6.2 Extractability Test
6.2.1 Close, with a stopper ( see 4.2 ) one end of
each pre-washed test piece.
6.2.2 Fill each test piece with acidified water
( see 4.2 ), the temperature of which has been
adjusted to approximately 20°C.
NOTE — For each series of tests, a freshly prepared
solution of acidified water ( see 4.3 ) shall be used.
6.2.3 Close the other end of each test piece by
means of a stopper ( see 4.2 ) and maintain the
filled test pieces at 20 ± 2°C for 48 hours.
6.2.4 First Extraction — At the end of 48 hours,
empty the water from the test pieces into
suitable stoppered containers and determine
the quantity of cadmium or mercury.
6.2.5 Second Extract — Fill the same test
pieces with the test water ( see 4.3 ) and, having
closed them again, maintain them at 20 ± 2°C
for 48 h. At the end of this period, transfer the
test water from the test pieces to suitable
stoppered containers and determine the
quantity of cadmium and mercury in each.
6.2.6 Third Extract — Fill the test pieces for a
third time with the test water ( see 4.3 ) and
having closed them again, maintain them at
20 ± 2°C for 48 h. At the end of this period,
transfer the test water from the test pieces to
suitable stoppered containers and determine
the quantity of cadmium and mercury in each.
7. EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
7.1 Cadmium
7.1.1 Calculate for the three test pieces the
arithmetic mean of the quantities of cadmium
determined in the extracts for first, second and
third extractions.
IS : 12235 (Part 11) - 1986

7.1.2 Express the results in milligrams per litre d) Analytical method used for the
with an accuracy of 0.005 mg/l. determination of the quantity of mercury
in aqueous solution;
7.2 Mercury
e) Duration of pre-washing;
7.2.1 Calculate for the three test pieces the f) Quantities of extracted cadmium found for
arithmetic mean of the quantities of mercury each test piece for first, second and third
determined in the extracts for first, second and extraction;
third extractions. g) Arithmetic mean of the quantities of
7.2.2 Express the results in milligrams per litre extracted cadmium for the pipe for first,
with an accuracy of 0.000 5 mg/l. second and third extraction;
h) Quantities of extracted mercury found for
8. TEST REPORT each test piece for first, second and third
extraction;
8.1 The test report shall include the following
j) Arithmetic mean of the quantities of
information:
extracted mercury for the pipe for first,
a) Complete identification of the pipe tested; second and third extraction; and
b) Number of test pieces; k) Details of the procedure which have not
c) Analytical method used for the been provided for by this test method and
determination of the quantity of cadmium also any accidental circumstance which
in aqueous solution; might have attached the results.

18
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright
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without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no
changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of
Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by
referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee : CED 50

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1 August 1999

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