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LTE Load Balancing PDF
LTE Load Balancing PDF
LTE Load Balancing PDF
Paulo Campolina
Sr. RF Engineer / June, 2016
Inter Frequency Load Balancing (IFLB) Network Requirements
• Introduction
The description given on the next pages can be applied to Ericsson, Nokia or other vendor. It is always
needed to verify the associated features per Vendor and the associated “Golden Parameters List” and
strategy per operators.
• Requirements
For E/// LTE network, the following must be fulfilled at feature activation:
More information about this feature and related topics can be found in the following documentation:
• 3GPP TS 36.300, Overall description; Stage 2
• 3GPP TS 36.331, Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol Specification
• 3GPP TS 36.423, X2 Application Protocol (X2AP)
2
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Definitions
The IFLB feature uses a model for the assessment of traffic load in a cell, wherein the expected load of
each E-RAB is quantified based on the QoS class to which it belongs as follows:
3
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Definitions
• The qciSubscriptionQuanta parameter for a GBR type of E-RAB is chosen in proportion to the typical
‘‘guaranteed downlink bit rate’’ (in kbps) for the particular QCI:
• QCI=1 (conversational voice) the value depends on the typical voice codec in use.
• Other GBR types of E-RAB (QCI=2..4, …) the value depends on the type of streaming media. The
qciSubscriptionQuanta parameter for a non-GBR type of E-RAB is chosen in proportion to what
is considered an acceptable downlink bit rate (in kbps) for UE in connected mode in LTE RAN at
high load: The ‘‘default’’ non-GBR types of E-RAB are activated whenever the UE enters
connected mode, irrespective if they are going to be used; conservative values should be
chosen, reflecting an expected low or moderate duty rate on these E-RABs.
• QCI=5 (default for IMS signaling), the expected bit rate is typically very low (not exceeding 3
kbps).
• for a default Internet Service Provision (ISP) E-RAB, a suitable value can be based on the typical
UE data consumption over a longer time period in relation to the time spent in connected
mode over the same time period; the value should focus on the conditions in LTE RAN at high
load.
• For on-demand non-GBR types of E-RAB, values should be chosen based on the typical
minimum QoS requirements of the intended applications.
4
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Flow Overview
Inter-Frequency Load Balancing feature handles uneven distribution of traffic in the Shared RAN
network. For cells that have load relations established, the high-level behavior is:
(every 15 seconds)
5
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Parameters / Flow Overview
6
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Load Status
(a)
(b)
(c)
• If the difference in load subscriptionRatio (a) is grater than lbThreshold (b)the load balancing
Load_Balance_Magnitude (c) is calculated.
• The amount of UEs to load balance is determined and the maximum amount of UE’s is limited by
lbCeiling.
• UEs are randomly selected and requested to reconfigure for a A4 Measurement report.
• The following checks are performed before the UE is requested to perform the A4 Measurement
report.
• Not in an emergency call *
• Not in bad coverage in the source cell #
• Support the frequency of the target cell
• UE is not restricted by the Handover Restriction List (HRL) to measure the target frequency.
• If the UE successfully reports the A4 Measurement, a final check is done to see if load balancing
amount has been met before the UE is then sent for IFHOUE’s that report the A4 Measurement have
acceptable coverage in the target cell
9
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Candidate Selection
• Increasing the value of the lbThreshold parameter may reduce the rate of load balancing actions back
and forth between cells as a result of random variation of the traffic load up and down.
• However, certain degree of UE shuffling between the cells may be useful, as it reduces the risk of UE
segregation due to differences in traffic behavior.
• An increase of the lbThreshold parameter may also increase the ‘‘burstiness’’ of load balancing
actions (all at once rather than a sequence of small steps).
• A reduction of the lbCeiling parameter may help to distribute a sudden large amount of load
balancing action over a period of time.
• However, care is required to ensure the lbCeiling parameter is configured large enough to outbalance
any systematic drift in the load balance; for example, due to poor coverage triggered mobility or due
to mobility between neighbor cells on particular carrier frequencies.
• The lbThreshold parameter can be configured greater than the lbCeiling parameter. The effect may be
that the load gap between the cells is not entirely closed.
10
Inter Frequency Load Balancing LB Action
• If the UE has reported the target cell as the best server and has met all verifications , it UE will be
sent for a regular Inter-Frequency Handover to the target cell.
• A UE can only be balance to its reported best server.
• The cell will continue the load balancing process until the 15sec lbCycle has finished. At this time, the
cell will have its new load balancing status and the new lbCycle will start.
• The a5Threshold1Rsrp, a5Threshold2Rsrp and hysteresisA5 parameters are configured for each
source cell for the inter-frequency event A5 measurement reporting in the UE selection for load
balancing action.
• To ensure that the UE is able to stay in the target cell after a load balancing action, the
a5Threshold2Rsrp parameter should be configured with a value above the ‘‘Event A2 Poor Coverage’’
threshold in the target cell.
• If QCI dependent thresholds are applied in the target cell, the a5Threshold2Rsrp parameter should be
configured with a value above the maximum of those.
• The a5Threshold1Rsrp parameter can be used to exclude UEs in very good radio environment from
load balancing.
11
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Parameters
12
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Counters
• pmLbSubRatioSum
• pmLbSubRatioSamp
13
Inter Frequency Load Balance Counters
• pmLbMeasuredUe
• pmLbQualifiedUe
14
Inter Frequency Load Balance Counters
• pmHoPrepAttLteInterFLb
• pmHoPrepSuccLteInterFLb
15
Inter Frequency Load Balance Counters
• pmHoExeAttLteInterFLb
• pmHoExeSuccLteInterFLb
16
Inter Frequency Load Balance Event A5 Description
where:
• Ms is the measurement of the serving cell, not taking into account any offsets.
• Mn is the measurement of the neighboring cell, not taking into account any offsets.
• Ofn is the frequency offset corresponding to the frequency of the neighbor cell.
• Ocn is the cell specific offset of the neighbor cell.
• Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event .
• Thresh1 is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e. a5-Threshold1).
• Thresh2 is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e. a5-Threshold2).
* **
18
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Settings Plan
The Inter Frequency LB will be applied and it’s parameters will be updated according to:
• The feature should be applied per cell in a vertical relation (i.e. alpha 800 <-> alpha 1900 (1)&(2))
• IFLB parameters will follow the GPL setting
• A5 event thresholds will be the same for IFLB and for coverage trigger
• The feature will be applied as need according to CFR caused by load
• Test Site: zzz
• According to GPL, the following parameters must be updated:
• lbActivationThreshold: Not active from 8321 to 8665
• loadBalancing between same sector and different bands should be set to 1 (Allowed)
19
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Settings Plan
The Inter Frequency LB will be applied and it’s parameters will be updated according to:
20
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Initial Settings Inter Freq HO GPL
In: Ms Hys Thresh Mn Ofn Ocn Hys Thresh2 Out: Ms Hys Thresh Mn Ofn Ocn Hys Thresh2
Serving 800 MHz Site Serving 1900 MHz Site Serving 2500 MHz Site (TDD)
800 MHz 1900 MHz 2500 MHz 800 MHz 1900 MHz 2500 MHz 800 MHz 1900 MHz 2500 MHz
-60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60
-62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62
-64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
-66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66
-68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68
-70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70
-72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
Needs update from Nokia
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78
-80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80
-82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82
-84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84
-86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86
-88 -88 -88 -88 -88 -88 -88
A5 2 -88 -88
A1A2S +
-90 -90 -90 -90 -90 -90 -90 -90 -90
Offset
-92 -92 -92 -92 -92 -92 -92 freq -92 -92
A5 1 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94
+10 dB
-96 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96
-98 -98 -98 -98 -98 -98 -98 -98 -98
A5 2
-100 -100 -100 + -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100
-102 -102 -102 Offset -102 -102 -102 -102 -102 -102
freq A1A2S A5 2
-104 -104 A5 2 -104 -104 -104 -104 -104 -104 -104
A5 2 + A1
-106 -106 + -106 +5 dB -106 -106 -106 -106 -106 -106 A5 2
A5 1 A5 2 Offset
Offset
-108 -108 -108 -108 -108 -108 -108 -108 freq -108
freq
-110 -110 -110 -110 -110 8321-110 -110 -110 A2 -110
-24 dB
0 dB
-112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112
-114 -114 -114 -114
A5 2 -114 -114 -114 -114 -114
+ A5 2 A5 2 A5 1
-116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116
Offset +
-118 -118 -118 -118 freq -118 8665 -118 -118 -118 -118
Offset
-120 -120 -120 -120 -120 -120 freq -120 -120 -120
0 dB
-2 dB
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Inter Frequency Load Balancing Moderate Settings Inter Freq HO Proposition
In: Ms Thresh1 Hys Mn Thresh2 Ofn Ocn Hys Out: Ms Thresh1 Hys Mn Thresh2 Ofn Ocn Hys
Serving 800 MHz Site Serving 1900 MHz Site Serving 2500 MHz Site
800 MHz 1900 MHz 2500 MHz 800 MHz 1900 MHz 2500 MHz 800 MHz 1900 MHz 2500 MHz
-60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60
-62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62
-64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
-66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66
-68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68
-70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70
-72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
Needs update from Nokia
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78
-80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80
-82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82
-84 3dB -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84
A1A2 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86
-88 -88 -88 -88 -88 -88 -88
A5 2 -88 -88
A5 1 A5 2 +
-90 6dB -90 -90 -90 -90 -90 -90 -90 -90
Offset
-92 -92 -92 -92 8665 -92 -92 -92 freq -92 -92
-94 -94 -94 15dB -94
8321 -94 -94 -94
+10 dB -94 -94
A5 2 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96
A5 2 -10dB
-98 -98 + -98 -98 -98 -98 -98 -98 -98
A5 2 3dB
-100 -100 Offset -100 + -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100
freq A1A2S
-102 -102 -102 Offset -102 -102 -102 -102 -102 -102
3dB freq A5 2
-104 -104 +3 dB -104 -104 A5 1 -104 -104 -104 -104 -104
6dB +
-106 -106 -106 +5 dB -106 -106 -106 -106 -106 A1 -106 A5 2
A5 2 Offset
-108 -108 -108 -108 A5 2 -108 -108 + -108 -108 freq -108
-110 -110 -110 -110 + -110 A5 2 -110 Offset -110 -110 -24 dB A2 -110
Offset freq
-112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112
freq 8665
-114 -114 -114 -114 -114 -114 -2 dB -114 -114 -114
0 dB
A5 1
-116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116
-118 -118 -118 -118 -118 -118 -118 -118 -118
-120 -120 -120 -120 -120 -120 -120 -120 -120
22
Inter Frequency Load Balancing Aggressive Settings Inter Freq HO Proposition
In: Ms Thresh1 Hys Mn Thresh2 Ofn Ocn Hys Out: Ms Thresh1 Hys Mn Thresh2 Ofn Ocn Hys
Serving 800 MHz Site Serving 1900 MHz Site Serving 2500 MHz Site
800 MHz 1900 MHz 2500 MHz 800 MHz 1900 MHz 2500 MHz 800 MHz 1900 MHz 2500 MHz
-60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60
-62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62 -62
-64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64 -64
-66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66 -66
-68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68 -68
-70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70 -70
-72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
Needs update from Nokia
-74
-76
-74
-76
-74
-76
-78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78
-80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80
3dB
-82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82
A1A2 A5 2
-84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84 -84
- Ofn
A5 1 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86
-88 -88 -88 -5dB -88 A5 2 -88 -88 -88
A5 2 -88 -88
+
-90 9dB -90 -90 - Ocn -90 8665 -90 -90 -90 -90 -90
18dB Offset
-92 -92 -92 -8dB -92 -92 -92 -92 freq -92 -92
8321
-94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94
+10 dB
A5 2 -96 -96 -96 -96
-10dB -96 -96 -96 -96 -96
A5 2
-98 -98 + -98 -98 -98 -98 -98 -98 -98
A5 2 3dB
-100 -100 Offset -100 + -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100
freq A1A2S
-102 -102 -102 Offset -102 -102 -102 -102 -102 -102
3dB freq A5 2
-104 -104 +3 dB -104 -104 A5 1 -104 -104 -104 -104 -104
6dB +
-106 -106 -106 +5 dB -106 -106 -106 -106 -106 A1 -106 A5 2
A5 2 Offset
-108 -108 -108 -108 -108 -108 + -108 -108 freq -108
-110 -110 -110 -110 -110 A5 2 -110 Offset -110 -110 -24 dB A2 -110
freq
-112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112 -112
8665
-114 -114 -114 -114 -114 -114 -2 dB -114 -114 -114
A5 1
-116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116 -116
-118 -118 -118 -118 -118 -118 -118 -118 -118
-120 -120 -120 -120 -120 -120 -120 -120 -120
23