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Data Communication & Networking Things You Need To Know : Instructor
Data Communication & Networking Things You Need To Know : Instructor
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Components of data
What is … ? communication system
Data Communication Message, Sender, Receiver, Medium, Protocol
Transfer of data from one or more sources to one or more
destinations. A set of rules that
governs data The data
communication (information) to be
Computer Network
communicated
A network of data processing nodes that are
interconnected for the purpose of data communication.
Node
A node can be a computer or printer etc. or any other
device capable of sending and/or receiving data. The physical
path by which a
message travels
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1
Effectiveness of Data
Communication System Data representation
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2
Multipoint connection Network Topology
It refers to the way in which a network is laid
out physically.
It is a geometric representation of the
relationship of all the links and linking
devices to one another.
More than two specific devices share a
single link.
The capacity of the channel is shared.
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One long cable acts as a backbone to link Each device has a dedicated point-to-point
all devices. connection only with two other devices.
Multipoint connection (shared link) A signal is passed along the ring in one
direction.
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Hybrid topology Categories of networks
A network can have hybrid or a combination
A Network is categorized with respect to its
of different topologies
size, its ownership, the distance it covers
Example: a star backbone with three bus and its physical architecture.
networks
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Smaller scope
Building or small campus
Usually owned by same organization
as attached devices
Data rates much higher
Usually broadcast systems
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4
Interconnection of Networks:
Wide Area Network (WAN) Internetwork
Can be as complex as the backbones that connect When two or more
the Internet (switched WAN) networks are connected,
Can be as simple as a dial-up line that connects a they become an
home computer to the Internet (point-to-point WAN) internetwork, or internet.
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The Internet is a global system of A protocol is a set of rules that govern data
interconnected computer networks. communications.
It is a network of networks that
consists of millions networks, linked by A protocol defines …
what is communicated
a broad array of electronic, wireless,
how it is communicated
and optical networking technologies. when it is communicated
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5
Internet Standards Summary
An Internet Standard is a specification of a technology
or methodology applicable to the Internet. Data communication and networking
specified as one or more Request for Comments (RFC)
document(s) basic terminology
published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Types of connections
Contributions to the IETF start as an Internet Draft.
This is a working document (a work in progress) with no Network topology
official status and limited lifetime
Categories of networks
Upon recommendation from the Internet authorities, a
draft may be promoted to RFC. Protocols and Standards
RFCs may be labeled as Proposed Standards, Draft
Standards or Internet Standards depending on their
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