ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In pursuit of this academic endeavor we feel that we have been singularly fortunate. Inspiration,
guidance, direction, co-operation, love and care all came in my way in abundance and it seems
almost an impossible task for me to acknowledge the same in adequate terms. Yes, I shall be
failing in my duty if I do not record my profound sense of indebtedness and heartfelt gratitude to
my supervisor Dr. Siddhartha Sankar Boxi, Miss. Aditi Sinha and Dr. Rabindranath Jana ,
Department of Chemical Engineering who guided and inspired me in pursuance of this work.
Their association will remain a beacon light to me throughout my carrier. I owe a depth of
gratitude to the Head of the Department, Department of Chemical Engineering and Haldia
Institute of Technology for introducing the present topic and for their inspiring guidance,
constructive criticism and valuable suggestion throughout the project.

Name : INDRAJIT MAJUMDER

Roll no. : 16/CHE/45

Dept : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

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 ABSTRACT

Urea is in many ways the most convenient form for fixed nitrogen. It has the highest nitrogen
content available in a solid fertilizer (46 %).It is easy to produce as prills orgranules and easily
transported in bulk or bags with no explosive hazard. It leaves no salt residue after use on crops.
Its specific gravity is 1.335, decomposes on boiling and is fairly soluble in water. The principal
raw materials required for this purpose are NH3 & CO2.Two reactions are involved in the
manufacture of urea. First, ammonium carbamate is formed under pressure by reaction between
CO2 & NH3.CO2 + 2NH3 _ NH2COONH4 _H= -37.4 Kcal This highly exothermic reaction is
followed by an endothermic decomposition of the ammonium carbamate.

NH2COONH4 _ NH2CONH2 + H2O _H= + 6.3 Kcal

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 CONTENT
TOPIC NAME PAGE NO.

Acknowledgement…………….……………………………… .i

Abstract……….……………………………………………..... ii

Content………………………………….……………………. iii

1) Introduction………………………………………………….. 1
2) Properties of urea……………………………………….. ….. 2
3) Process Technology………………………………………….. 3
4) Process in General…………………………………………… 4-5
5) The Variables that effect the Autoclave reactions…………… 6-8
6) Various process for the manufacture of Urea……………….. 9-13
7) Urea Prilling……………………………………………….. 14
8) Major Engineering Problems……………………………….. 15-16
9) Uses………………………………………………………….. 17-18
10) Equipment's Used in Urea Plant……………………………… 19
11) Environmental pollution due to urea manufacturing…………. 19
12) Conclusion………………………………………………. 19
13) Reference……………………………………………... 20

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