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NPTEL PPT On Sub and Supersonic Inlets
NPTEL PPT On Sub and Supersonic Inlets
1
Lect-28
In this lecture...
• Performance of intakes
– Performance parameters
– Sources of losses
– Starting problem in supersonic intakes
– Modes of operation of an external
compression intake
2
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
Intake performance
• Intake operation varies tremendously over
the operating range of the engine.
• During take-off the engine requires high
mass flow, but is operating at a lower
speed.
• A typical fixed geometry intake may have
problems delivering this mass flow.
• The intake design must ensure that under
these extreme operating conditions too
the intake performance is not drastically
affected.
3
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
∞ ∞
1 1 2
During take-off 2 During climb
Capture area
∞ ∞
1 1 2
During cruise
2 Flow separation During top speed
4
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
T T T0
T0
P0 a P0 a
P02 P02
P2 P2
P1
Pa Pa
P1
Ta Ta
s s
9
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
Intake performance
• Performance of intakes (subsonic as well as
supersonic) are evaluated using the
following:
– Isentropic efficiency
– Stagnation pressure ratio or pressure
recovery
– Distortion coefficient
10
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
P0a
0a 02 P02
T P2 V22/2cp
02s 2
2s
V02/2cp
P1
1 Pa
Isentropic efficiency
11
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
h02 s − ha T02 s − Ta
ηd = ≅
h0 a − ha T0 a − Ta
• Stagnation pressure ratio or pressure
recovery is the ratio of the outlet
stagnation pressure to the inlet stagnation
pressure:
π d= P02 / P0 a
12
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
13
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
15
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
Supersonic intakes
16
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
Supersonic intakes
Normal shock
Oblique
shocks
Normal shock Throat
Internal
External compression
compression
Starting of an intake
Ai At
Aa
Weak shock
M =1 M <1 M =1 M <1
Spillage
19
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
Starting of an intake
Strong shock
Spillage
M = M 0 − dM M <1 M =1 M <1
M = M 0 + dM M >1 M <1
Weak shock
M = MD M >1 M =1 M <1
20
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
21
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
Critical mode
23
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
In this lecture...
• Performance of intakes
– Performance parameters
– Sources of losses
– Starting problem in supersonic intakes
– Modes of operation of an external
compression intake
26
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lect-28
• Nozzle:
– fixed and variable geometry nozzles
27
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay