Department of Electronics Engineering: (Autonomous College Affiliated To University of Mumbai)

K. J.
Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering
Lab Manual: SY ETRX (Semester IV)
Instructions to the student
1. Every student is expected to bring printout of write-up of his experiment to be

performed at the time of practical/tutorial session as per the time table
2. The student must take counter signature of the concerned faculty on the same
day during lab session for the verification of outcomes of the experiments
3. The journal will content A4 size papers unless it is notified for particular subject
4. The students can use separate blank A4 size papers if necessary while writing
journal
5. Cover page of every experiment should be in standard format as attached along
with lab manual
6. The contents of the journal will be as per the format given
7. Students are expected to follow the instructions given by concerned faculty from
time to time
Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
Term: Jan 2019- May 2019
Name of the Laboratory: Basic Communication Year: Second Year
Subject: Basics of Communication Engineering Semester: IV
List of Experiments
Expt Name of the Experiment CO

No.
1 To perform AM using MATLAB- Simulink technique CO3, CO5
2 To demodulate AM signal using diode detector CO2, CO3
3 To generate and analyze Frequency Modulated Waveform CO1, CO2, CO3
4 To generate and analyze Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis circuit CO2, CO3
5 To verify sampling Theorem CO1, CO3
6 To perform PAM modulator and demodulator using transistor. CO2, CO3
7 To generate and analyze PPM using OPAMP and IC 555 CO2, CO3
To generate and analyze Time Division Multiplexing of PCM CO1, CO3
8
signal
9 To perform Delta modulation using MATLAB- Simulink CO3,CO4,CO5
technique.
10 To study optical fiber communication system CO4
Subject In-charge: Names of concerned Faculty:

Prof. Bharati Khedkar Prof. Bharati Khedkar
Prof. Nilesh Lakade Prof. Makarand Kulkarni
Prof. Nilesh Lakade

Batch Roll No.

Experiment / assignment / tutorial No. 1
Grade: AA / AB / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD
Signature of the Staff In-charge with date
Title: To perform AM using MATLAB- Coding and Simulink technique.
______________________________________________________________________
Aim and Objectives of the Experiment--
1) To generate AM modulation using matlab coding and Simulink technique.
COs to be achieved --
CO3: Analyze and interpret data of modulation and demodulation techniques.
CO5: Use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools like Matlab Simulink,
spectrum analyser, necessary for engineering practice.
Theory:
AM is the modulation process in which the high frequency carrier amplitude is varied in
accordance with the modulating signal. The mathematical expression of AM can be written
as: Eam= V [1+ m.sinωmt].Sinωct .
On analyzing the expression it is found that the AM Spectrum consists of carrier, upper side
band and lower side band frequencies. The modulation Index in AM is defined as the ratio of
maximum modulating voltage to maximum carrier voltage.
M = Em / Ec
The demodulation of AM wave form is carried out by passing the signals through the rectifier
detector but the diode used is normally point contact or high frequency diode. The filter time
constant is very important as it may lead to diagonal clipping of waveform.
The modulation process produces a carrier & two side bands called as double side band full
carrier (DSBFC). The carrier carries no information and consumes power. Thus this carrier is
suppressed & the signal is called double side band suppressed carrier (DSBSC). Vm (t) is the
modulating signal & Vc(t) is the carrier signal.
Vm (t) = Bsin(2лft) & Vc(t) = Asin(2лft)
The modulated signal consists of three components:
A sin (2лft) carrier
(mA/2) cos [2л (F-f) t] lower side band

(mA/2) cos [2л (F-f) t] upper side band
The amplitude-modulated signal is simple to produce but has two practical drawbacks in
application to many real communications systems: the bandwidth of the AM signal is twice
that of the modulating signal and most of the power is transmitted in the carrier, not in the
information bearing sidebands. To overcome these problems with AM, versions on AM have
been developed. These other versions of the AM are used in applications were bandwidth
must be conserved or power used more effectively. If the carrier could somehow be removed
or reduced, the transmitted signal would consist of two information-bearing sidebands, and
the total transmitted power would be information. When the carrier is reduced, this is called
as double sideband suppressed carrier AM or DSB-SC. Instead of two third of the power in
the carrier, nearly all being the available power is used in sidebands.
Stepwise-Procedure:
Basically amplitude modulated signal is generated by product modulator. The inputs to the
product modulator are message signal and carrier signal. Demodulation is the process of
extracting the baseband message signal from the carrier so that it may be processed at the
receiver. For that purpose various methods are used like diode detector method, product
detector method, filter detector etc. The same has been implemented on simulink model. Low
pass filter has been implemented to extract the carrier from the modulated signal. Low pass
filter (LPF), filters out the high frequency component and allows the low frequency
component to pass. Since the carrier signal is of relatively much higher frequency than that of
message signal, carrier signal is attenuated while the message signal is received at the
receiver.
___________________________________________________________________________
Block Diagram:

Post Lab Subjective/Objective type Questions
Q.1. Define Amplitude Modulation.
Q.2. State the difference between modulated wave and modulating wave with suitable
example.
Q.3 State the significance of Modulation index in AM signals
Conclusion:
Date: _____________ Signature of faculty in-charge

Batch Roll No.

Title: To demodulate AM signal using diode detector.

Aim and Objectives of the Experiment.--
1) To demodulate AM signal using diode detector.
2) To observe the distortions at the output because of different RC time constants.
COs to be achieved –
CO2: Student should be able to build circuit and conduct experiments using breadboard and IC.
CO3: Student should be able to analyze and interpret data of modulation and demodulation
techniques.
___________________________________________________________________________
Theory:
AM diode detector or demodulator used for converting AM signals into useable audio.
One of the advantages of amplitude modulation (AM) is that it is cheap and easy to build a
demodulator circuit for a radio receiver. The simplicity AM radio receivers AM is one of the
reasons why AM has remained in service for broadcasting for so long. One of the key factors
of this is the simplicity of the receiver AM demodulator.
A number of methods can be used to demodulate AM, but the simplest is a diode detector. It
operates by detecting the envelope of the incoming signal. It achieves this by simply
rectifying the signal. Current is allowed to flow through the diode in only one direction,
giving either the positive or negative half of the envelope at the output. If the detector is to be
used only for detection it does not matter which half of the envelope is used, either will work
equally well. Only when the detector is also used to supply the automatic gain control (AGC)
circuitry will the polarity of the diode matter.
___________________________________________________________________________

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the figures.

2. Generate the AM signal with modulation index 0.5-0.6, with carrier signal frequency
of 200 kHz and modulating signal frequency of 2 kHz.
3. Adjust the RC<<T where T=1/fc and observe the detected output on CRO. Draw the
observed output on graph paper.
4. Adjust the RC>>T where T=1/fc and observe the detected output on CRO. Draw the
observed output on graph paper.
5. Adjust the RC almost equal to T and observe the detected output on the CRO.
6. Adjust the RC << {1/ωm (√(1-m²)/m)} and observe the detected output on the CRO.
7. Observe the effect of changing modulation index of AM on the detected output.
___________________________________________________________________________
Experimental Set Up:
Case 1: RC >> T

Case 2: RC << T
Case 3: RC ≈ T

Case 4: RC << { 1/ωm (√(1-m²)/m)}
Note: Draw corresponding waveforms on graph paper

_________________________________________________________________________
Specifications of diode:
R C Describe the nature of the demodulated signal
RC >> T
(R=10K, C=0.1µf)
RC << T
(R=1K, C=1nf)

RC ≈ T
(R=3.3K, C=1nf)
RC << {1/ωm (√(1-

m²)/m)}
R=1K+4.7Ω
C=0.1μ F
Calculations:
RC<<T
RC>>T
RC ≈ T
RC << { 1/ωm (√(1-m²)/m)}

Post Lab Subjective/Objective type Questions:
Q1. What is the effect of RC time constant on the demodulation process?
Q2. Discuss rectifier distortion and diagonal clipping with the help of diagrams.
___________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion:

Batch Roll No.

Experiment / assignment / tutorial No.3
Title: To generate and analyse Frequency Modulated Waveform

Aim and Objectives of the Experiment..--
1) To generate FM signal
2). To calculate Frequency deviation for FM
CO1: Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering such as concept of Basic
electrical and Electronics to analyze communication system.
techniques.
Theory:
Frequency modulation consists in varying the frequency of the carrier voltage in accordance
with the instantaneous value of the modulating voltage. Thus the amplitude of the carrier does
not change due to frequency modulation. Let the modulating voltage be given by expression:
Vm=Vm.cosωmt.
Where, wm is angular frequency of the signal &Vm is the amplitude. Let the carrier voltage
be given by expression, Vc=Vc.sin(ωct+θ)
On frequency modulation, the instantaneous value of modulated carrier voltage is given by,
Hence the frequency modulated carrier voltage is given by,

V=Vc.sin(wct+Kf.Vm/ω.sinωmt)
The modulation index is defined as the ratio of frequency deviation to frequency of
modulating signal mf=d/fm where deviation d= (fmax-fmin)/2.

___________________________________________________________________________
____
Procedure: FM MODULATION:
1.Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2.By switching off the modulating signal, note the carrier frequency (fc) at pin2 of IC 8038.
3.Apply modulating signal of suitable amplitude to get undistorted FM.
4.Measure the modulation index of the generated FM signal using CRO and observe the
corresponding spectrum and note the number of sidebands and their respective powers.
5.Vary the modulating frequency and modulating voltage. Note the number of sidebands and
their powers on spectrum analyzer.
6.Plot the time domain FM signal (i.e. signal observed on CRO) on the graph paper.
_________________________________________________________________________
IC 8038 (Block diagram)

Experimental set up for Frequency modulation
___________________________________________________________________________
Observations:
Specifications of IC 8038:
1) Free running carrier frequency, fc =
2) For constant modulating frequency, fm =
Vm (p-p) T min T max ∆f m f = ∆ f / fm

3) For constant amplitude of modulating signal Vm (p-p) =
fm T min T max ∆f m f = ∆ f / fm
___________________________________________________________________________
1) Explain the relationship between Frequency modulation and Phase modulation with
the help of mathematical expression.
2) Draw & explain frequency spectrum of FM with the help of Bessel’s function.
____________________________________________________________
Conclusion:

Batch Roll No.

Title: Study of Pre & De-emphasis circuit.
Aim and Objectives of the Experiment.--

1) Design and conduct an experiment to test a pre-emphasis and De-emphasis circuit and
record the results
_________________________________________________________________
COs to be achieved:
techniques.
Theory: Pre-emphasis
The circuits are the transmitting side of the frequency modulator. It is used to increase the
gain of the higher frequency component as the input signal frequency increased, the
impendence of the collector voltage increase. If the signal frequency is lesser then the
impendence decrease which increase the collector current and hence decrease the voltage.
De-emphasis
The circuit is placed at the receiving side. It acts as allow pass filter. The boosting gain for
higher frequency signal in the transmitting side is done by the pre-emphasis circuit is filtered
to the same value by the low pass filter. The cut off frequency is given by the formula
fc = 1/(2p RC)

Where, R = 2 p fc L
_________________________________________________________________________
Stepwise-Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Apply a sine wave of 5Vpp amplitude, vary the frequency and note down the gain of the
circuit.
3. Plot a graph of normalized gain Vs frequency.
___________________________________________________________________________
Circuit Diagram:
Observation Table:
F (Hz) Vo (volts) Gain (Vo/Vi) Normalized gain (db)

Calculation:
___________________________________________________________________________
Post Lab Subjective/Objective type Questions:
1. Explain Noise triangle in FM.
________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion:

Batch Roll No.

Title: To verify sampling theorem.

__________________________________________________________________________
Aim and Objectives of the Experiment.—
1) To check analog signal reconstruction.
2) To check aliasing effect.
COs to be achieved :
Theory:
In analog communication system like AM & FM the instantaneous value of the information is
used to change certain parameters of carrier wave.
Pulse modulation systems differ from the analog system in a way that they transmit a limited
number of discrete states of signals at the pre-determined rate. Sampling can be defined as
measuring the value of signal at a pre-determined time interval. The rate at which the signal is
sampled is known as sampling rate or sampling frequency. It determines the quality of
reproduced signal.
Nyquist Criterion: The lowest sampling frequency that can be used without sideband
overlapping is twice the highest frequency component present in the information signal. If we
reduce the frequency we cannot get the original signal simply by low pass filtering. This
phenomenon is called aliasing in which the low frequency components merge with the high
frequency components of adjacent bands.

Sampling theorem: A continuous signal of bandwidth Fm can be completely represented &
reconstructed from samples taken at a rate greater than or equal to 2Fm samples/sec i.e.
Fs>2Fm.
____________________________________________________________________
Stepwise-Procedure:
1) Apply sampling frequency & sinusoidal (1 KHz) signal mentioned on the kit.
2) Select the duty cycle knob (5).
3) Display waveform (pin 12) & sampling output (pin 37) on CRO.
4) Link the sampled output to II & IV order filter successively & observe the reconstructed
waveforms.
5) Change sampling frequency from maximum to minimum.
6) Draw the waveforms on graph sheet.
___________________________________________________________________________
Circuit Diagram:
___________________________________________________________________________
Observation Table:
Fs Fm Remarks about Nyquist rate


Calculation:
Q. No. 1 Explain flat top sampling with the help of diagram.
Q. No. 2 What is the standard sampling frequency for speech signal?
___________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion:

Batch Roll No.

Title: To perform PAM modulator and demodulator using transistor.

Aim and Objectives of the Experiment:
To generate PAM (Pulse amplitude modulation) modulated signal and demodulated signal.
____________________________________________________________________
Theory:(Pulse Amplitude Modulation) PAM

In PAM the amplitude of the high frequency pulse is varied in accordance with the
instantaneous amplitude of modulating signal i.e. the information is contained in the form of
varying pulse amplitude. The PAM modulator and demodulator circuits simple compared to
other kind of modulation and demodulation techniques.
The demodulated PAM waves, the signal is passed through a low pass filter having a cut –off
frequencies equal to the highest frequency in the modulating signal. At the output of the filter
is available the modulating signal along with the DC component.
__________________________________________________________________________
Stepwise-Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.

2. Set the Carrier square wave of 3Vpp at 10 KHz using function generator.
3. Set the modulating signal of 1.5Vpp, 500 Hz by using function generator.
4. Observe the PAM modulated output wave from CRO across 1KΩ load resistor.
5. Plot the graph of the modulating signal, Carrier signal and PAM modulated waveforms.
6. Connect modulator circuit output to RC filter circuit (LPF).
7. Measure the amplitude and frequency of the demodulated signal from the CRO and verify

with that of the modulating input.
8. Plot the demodulated waveform.
Circuit Diagram: PAM Modulator Demodulator
Observation : PAM modulated output
Time period Frequency Amplitude
PAM demodulated output
Time period Frequency Amplitude

Q.1. State the advantages and disadvantages of PAM.
Q.2 State the applications of PAM.
___________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion:

Batch Roll No.

Title: To generate and analyse PPM using IC 555.

To generate PPM (Pulse position modulation) using IC 555.
____________________________________________________________________
CO3: Analyze and interpret data of modulation and demodulation techniques
Theory: (Pulse Position Modulation) PPM

In PPM the position of the high frequency pulse is varied in accordance with the
instantaneous amplitude of modulating signal i.e. the information is contained in the form of
varying pulse position. PPM or pulse position modulation is one of the analog pulse
modulation techniques used in digital communication.
__________________________________________________________________________
Stepwise-Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2) Apply sine wave input signal to IC.
3) Apply pulse train signal as shown in circuit diagram.
4) Check the working of the 555timer as monostable multivibrator by giving an unmodulated
PWM signal. Verify the pulse width of the output signal for the desired value.
5) By applying the PWM signal note the change in the position of the pulses i.e PPM signals.
6) Critical amplitude of the modulated signal is that value of m (t) at which the pulse in PPM
just disappears.
Circuit Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
Q.1. Define PPM
Q.2 State the applications of PPM and PWM.
___________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion:

Batch Roll No.

Title: To generate and analyze Time Division Multiplexing of PCM signal

To generate Pulse Code Modulated Signals and multiplexing those using ‘Time Division
multiplexing’ scheme.
_________________________________________________________________________
COs to be achieved:
Theory:
Multiplexing is a process of simultaneously transmitting two or more Individual signals over
a signal communication channel. Multiplexing has the effect of increasing the number of
communication channels so that more information can be transmitted. PCM signal is
generated by using sampling. Sampling is process of Looking at an analog signal for brief
instant of time. During this very short Interval of time, the amplitude of analog signal is
sampled at a periodic rate and resulting signal will be a series of samples or pulses that vary
in Amplitude according to variations of analog signal.
Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a digital scheme for transmitting analog data. The signals in
PCM are binary; that is, there are only two possible states, represented by logic 1 (high) and
logic0 (low). This is true no matter how complex the analog waveform happens to be. Using
PCM, it is possible to digitize all forms of analog data, including full-motion video, voices,
music, telemetry, and virtual reality (VR). To obtain PCM from an analog waveform at the
source (transmitter end) of a communications circuit, the analog signal amplitude is sampled
(measured) at regular time intervals. The sampling rate, or number of samples per second, is
several times the maximum frequency of the analog waveform in cycles per second or hertz.

The instantaneous amplitude of the analog signal at each sampling is rounded off to the
nearest of several specific, predetermined levels. This process is called quantization. The
number of levels is always a power of 2 -- for example, 8, 16, 32, or 64. These numbers can
be represented by three, four, five, or six binary digits (bits) respectively. The output of a
pulse code modulator is thus a series of binary numbers, each represented by some power of
2bits.At the destination (receiver end) of the communications circuit, a pulse code
demodulator converts the binary numbers back into pulses having the same quantum levels as
those in the modulator. These pulses are further processed to restore the original analog
waveform. The time division multiplexing of PAM can be accomplished by a circuit called
Multiplexer (MUX).The multiplexer is a signal pole, multiple position mechanical or
electronics switch that sequentially samples the multiple analog inputs at a high rate of speed.
At transmitter end the multiple channel signals are selected by various sampled circuits. On
Time sharing basis they are all combined in time slot. This is parallel to serial conversion. At
the receiver end the serial data is converted into parallel lines for each Channel.
___________________________________________________________________________
Stepwise-Procedure:
1. Set up the following initial conditions on Trainer kit: Scientech 2153:
a) Mode Switch in 320 KHz (FAST mode) position
b) DC signal (I) & DC signal (II) Controls in function generator block fully clockwise.
c) ~ 2 KHz and ~4 KHz control levels set to give 10Vpp.
d) Pseudo - random sync code generator on/off switch in OFF Position.
e) Error check code generator switch A & B in A=0 & B=0 position (OFF Mode)
f) All switched faults off.
2. First, connect only the 2 KHz output to CH I
3. Turn ON the power. Check that the PAM output of 2 KHz sine wave is available at sample
and hold input of the trainer kit 2153.
4. Connect CH1(Y) of the oscilloscope to ‘CH I sampling signal’ output of Demultiplexer
block & CH2(X) of the oscilloscope to input of sample and hold block. Observe the timing &
phase relation between the CH I sampling signal & the sampled waveform at input of Sample
& hold block.
5. Turn OFF the power supply. Now connect also the 4 KHz supply to CH II.
6. Connect CH1(Y) of the oscilloscope to ‘CH II sampling signal’ output of Demultiplexer
block & CH2(X) of the oscilloscope to input of sample and hold block.
7. Observe & explain the timing relation between the signals at
a) CH I sampling signal,
b) 2 KHz Sine wave of Function Generator,
c) 4 KHz Sine wave of Function Generator,
d) CH II sampling signal,
e) Multiplexed output at input of Sample and hold block

Circuit diagram:
Observation Table :
Part 1: To obtain PCM Codewords w.r.t. different D.C. voltage levels:-
Sr.No. D.C PCM Codeword

Voltage
1 -6 Volts
2 -4Volts
3 -2 Volts
4 2Volts
5 4Volts
6 6 Volts

Part 2: To verify ‘Time division multiplexing & demultiplxing’ w.r.t. two D.C. voltages
applied at two different channels:-
Sr. Input at TDM-Multiplexer Output at TDM-demultiplexer
No.
D.C Voltage 1 D.C Voltage 2 D.C Voltage 1 D.C Voltage 2

Post Lab Subjective/Objective type Questions :
1. Define types of multiplexing techniques used in communication.
2. Write applications of TDM.
___________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion:

Batch: Roll No.

.
Title: To perform Delta modulation using MATLAB- Simulink technique.

To implement Delta modulation using MATLAB- Simulink technique.
___________________________________________________________________________
COs to be achieved:
CO4: Student should able to understand the use of communication technology in life-long
learning.
CO5: Use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools like Matlab Simulink,
spectrum analyser, necessary for engineering practice.
Theory:
Delta modulation (DM or Δ-modulation) is an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog signal

conversion technique used for transmission of voice information where quality is not of
primary importance. DM is the simplest form of differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM)
where the difference between successive samples is encoded into n-bit data streams. In delta
modulation, the transmitted data is reduced to a 1-bit data stream. Its main features are:
The analog signal is approximated with a series of segments
Each segment of the approximated signal is compared to the original analog wave to
determine the increase or decrease in relative amplitude.
The decision process for establishing the state of successive bits is determined by this
comparison, only the change of information is sent, that is, only an increase or decrease of the
signal amplitude from the previous sample is sent whereas a no-change condition causes the
modulated signal to remain at the same 0 or 1 state of the previous sample.

Block diagram:
Post Lab Subjective/Objective type Questions :
1. State and Explain drawbacks of delta modulation.
2. Define Adaptive delta modulation.
Conclusion:

Batch: Roll No.

. Grade: AA / AB / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD
Title: To setup and analyse optical analog communication link.
Aim and Objectives of the Experiment.

1. To understand basic components required for optical communication link.
2. To analyze analog optical communication link.
CO4: Student should able to understand the use of communication technology in life-long
learning.
Theory:
Basically a fiber optic link contains three main elements, a transmitter module takes
the input signal in electrical form and then transforms it into optical (light) energy containing
the same information. The optical fiber is the medium which carries this energy to the
receiver. At the receiver, light is converted back into electrical form with the same pattern as
originally fed to the transmitter.
Transmitter: Fiber optic transmitters are typically composed of a buffer, driver and
optical source. The buffer electronics provides both an electrical connection and isolation
been the transmitter and the electrical system supplying the data. The driver electronics
provides electrical power to the optical source in a fashion that duplicates the pattern of data
being fed to the transmitter. Finally the optical source (LED) converts the electrical current to
light energy with the same pattern.
Receiver: The function of the receiver is to convert the optical energy into electrical
form which is then conditioned to reproduce the transmitted electrical signal in its original
form. The detector SFH 250V used in the kit 2 has a diode type output. The parameters

usually considered in the case of detector are it’s responsivity at peak wavelength and the
response time. SFH 250V has responsivity in the case of detector are about 4 uA per 10 u W
of incident optical energy at 950 nm and it has rise & fall time of 0.01 uses.
Stepwise-Procedure:
1. Slightly unscrew the cap of IR, LED SFH 450V from Kit 1. Do not remove the cap
from the connector, Once the cap and assure that the fiber is properly fixed. Now
fighter the cap by screwing it back.
2. Connect the power supply cable with proper polarity to kit 1 and Kit 2. While
connecting this, ensure that the power supply is OFF.
3. Connect the signal generator between the AMP I/P and GND posts in Kit 1 to feed the
and log signal to the pre-amplifier.
4. Keep the signal generator in sine wave mode and select the frequency of 1 KHz with
amplitude of 2 Vpp (Max. input level is 4 Vpp)
5. Switch ON the power supply and signal generator
6. Check the output signal of the pre-ampl. At the post AMP O/P in kit 1. It should be
same as that of the applied input signal.
7. Now rotate the Optical Power Control pot P1 located below power supply connector
in Kit 1 in anticlockwise direction. This ensure minimum current flow through LED.
8. Short the following posts in Kit 1 with the links provided.
 +gv and +gv. This ensures supply to TX
 AMP O/P and Transmitter I/P
9. Connect the other end of the fiber to detector SFH 250V in Kit 2 very carefully as per
the instructions in step (1)
10. Ensure that the jumper located just above IC U in Kit 2 is shorted to pin 2 and 3
shorting of the jumper allows connection of PIN diode to Trans impedance amplifier
stage.

11. Observe the output signal from the detector at DETECTOR O/P post on CRO
adjusting Optical Power Control Pot P1 in Kit 1 and you should get the reproduction
of original transmitted signal.
______________________________________________________________________
Block Diagram:
Observation Table :
Amplitude of input analog signal ____________
Sr. No. amplitude of analog input Amplitude of the received signal

signal

Post Lab Subjective Questions:
1. State the advantages of optical communication system.
2. State the various light emitting devices and light detector devices used in optical
fiber communication system.
Conclusion:

Department of Electronics Engineering: (Autonomous College Affiliated To University of Mumbai)

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K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

Lab Manual: SY ETRX (Semester IV)

Instructions to the student

1. Every student is expected to bring printout of write-up of his experiment to be

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Name of the Laboratory: Basic Communication Year: Second Year

Subject: Basics of Communication Engineering Semester: IV

Expt Name of the Experiment CO

1 To perform AM using MATLAB- Simulink technique CO3, CO5

2 To demodulate AM signal using diode detector CO2, CO3

3 To generate and analyze Frequency Modulated Waveform CO1, CO2, CO3

4 To generate and analyze Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis circuit CO2, CO3

5 To verify sampling Theorem CO1, CO3

6 To perform PAM modulator and demodulator using transistor. CO2, CO3

Subject In-charge: Names of concerned Faculty:

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Batch Roll No.

Signature of the Staff In-charge with date

Title: To perform AM using MATLAB- Coding and Simulink technique.

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Q.1. Define Amplitude Modulation.

Q.3 State the significance of Modulation index in AM signals

Date: _____________ Signature of faculty in-charge

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Batch Roll No.

Signature of the Staff In-charge with date

Title: To demodulate AM signal using diode detector.

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the figures.

Experimental Set Up:

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Note: Draw corresponding waveforms on graph paper

R C Describe the nature of the demodulated signal

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

RC << {1/ωm (√(1-

RC << { 1/ωm (√(1-m²)/m)}

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Post Lab Subjective/Objective type Questions:

Q1. What is the effect of RC time constant on the demodulation process?

Date: _____________ Signature of faculty in-charge

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Batch Roll No.

Signature of the Staff In-charge with date

Title: To generate and analyse Frequency Modulated Waveform

Hence the frequency modulated carrier voltage is given by,

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

1.Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

IC 8038 (Block diagram)

Note: Draw corresponding waveforms on graph paper

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

2) For constant modulating frequency, fm =

Vm (p-p) T min T max ∆f m f = ∆ f / fm

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Date: _____________ Signature of faculty in-charge

Basics of Communication Engg. /Jan.-May-2019

Batch Roll No.

Signature of the Staff In-charge with date

Title: Study of Pre & De-emphasis circuit.

Aim and Objectives of the Experiment.--