Over 3,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians mentioned a condition that appears to

have been type 1 diabetes. It featured excessive urination, thirst, and weight loss.

The writers recommended following a diet of whole grains to reduce the symptoms.

In ancient India, people discovered that they could use ants to test for diabetes by
presenting urine to them. If the ants came to the urine, this was a sign that it contained
high sugar levels. They called the condition madhumeha, meaning honey urine.

During the third century B.C.E., Apollonius of Memphis mentioned the term "diabetes,"
which may have been its earliest reference.

In time, Greek physicians also distinguished between diabetes mellitus and diabetes
insipidus.

Diabetes insipidus has no link with diabetes mellitus. While it also leads to thirst and
urination, it does not affect the body's production or use of insulin. Diabetes insipidus
results from a problem with a hormone called vasopressin that the pituitary gland
produces.

The ancient Roman doctor Galen mentioned diabetes but noted that he had only ever
seen two people with it, which suggests that it was relatively rare in those days.

By the fifth century C.E., people in India and China had worked out that there was a
difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. They noted that type 2 diabetes was
more common in heavy, wealthy people than in other people. At that time, this might
have implied that these individuals ate more than other people and were less active.

Nowadays, the ready supply of processed food has weakened the association between
wealth and eating more, but obesity, diet, and a lack of exercise are still risk factors for
type 2 diabetes.

The term diabetes mellitus comes from the Greek word "diabetes" (to siphon or pass
through) and the Latin word "mellitus" (honey or sweet).

In the Middle Ages, people believed that diabetes was a disease of the kidneys, but an
English doctor in the late 18th century found that it occurred in people who had
experienced an injury to the pancreas.

In 1776, Matthew Dobson confirmed that the urine of people with diabetes could have a
sweet taste. According to an article that the journal Medical Observations and
Enquiries published, he measured the glucose in urine and found that it was high in
people with diabetes.
Dobson also noted that diabetes could be fatal in some people but chronic in others,
further clarifying the differences between type 1 and type 2.

By the early 19th century, there were no statistics about how common diabetes was,
there was no effective treatment, and people usually died within weeks to months of first
showing symptoms.

Scientists have linked several gene mutations to a higher diabetes risk. Not everyone
who carries a mutation will get diabetes. However, many people with diabetes have one
or more of these mutations.
The two most common forms of diabetes are type 1 diabetes (T1D, previously known as
insulindependent
diabetes or IDDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D, previously known as non-insulin-
dependent
diabetes or NIDDM). Both are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental
risk factors.
However, there are other rare forms of diabetes that are directly inherited. These
include maturity
onset diabetes in the young (MODY), and diabetes due to mutations in mitochondrial
DNA.
Type 1

 Genetic Susceptibility

Certain gene variants that carry instructions for making proteins called human leukocyte
antigens (HLAs) on white blood cells are linked to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
The proteins produced by HLA genes help determine whether the immune system
recognizes a cell as part of the body or as foreign material. Some combinations of HLA
gene variants predict that a person will be at higher risk for type 1 diabetes, while other
combinations are protective or have no effect on risk.

 Autoimmune Destruction of Beta Cells

 Environmental Factors
 Viruses and infections
 Infant feeding practices.

Type 2

 Studies have shown that variants of the TCF7L2 gene increase susceptibility to
type 2 diabetes.

 Urinating often
 Feeling very thirsty
 Feeling very hungry - even though you are eating
 Extreme fatigue
 Blurry vision
 Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal Weight loss - even though you are eating more
(type 1)
 Tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands/feet (type 2)
 The Philippines is considered one of the diabetes “hot spots” in the Western Pacific
region, where the disease is already reaching epidemic proportions. Our government
knows this too well, and the increased taxes on sugary drinks is just one of the steps
being taken to stem the tide. Diabetes is the 6th leading cause of death among Filipinos
based on the data from the 2013 Philippine Health Statistics, and over 6 million Filipinos
are diagnosed to have diabetes, as declared by the Philippine Center for Diabetes
Education Foundation in 2016. Sufficient public education is needed to make everyone
aware of the lifestyle changes needed to prevent diabetes, or to detect it earlier, so it
can be controlled before there is serious damage to vital organs like the heart, kidneys,
brain, eyes, nerves, liver—since practically all organs and tissues of the body are
affected.

Preventing diabetes and diagnosing it early is our best bet to keep more people from
undergoing dialysis, going blind, undergoing heart bypass, and having their legs
amputated due to gangrene. But if one already has diabetes, one cannot deny the
reality and mus accept and try to cure themselves.Thus, our project aims to improve the
lifestyle and educate diabetic patients focusing on their diet. Changing one’s lifestyle
could be difficult especially if you are already accustomed to it. To inspire diabetic
patients, planning their meals is a fun and smart way to make food choices that can help
manage blood sugar (glucose).

 We hope that with the implementation of the project, diabetic patients will learn to love
and accept their condition so that they will be inspired to do better and to be better.
This will help them be motivated as they encounter challenges and optimistically help
them cope up with their situation. This might be small changes but it will make a big
difference in managing diabetes.