Electric ATV

EIGTH SEMESTER MAJOR PROJECT PROPOSAL

ON

“DESIGNING AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC ATV”

BY

SWAROOP K S [R15ME295]
ANUKA [R15ME390]
SHAMANTH M [R15ME267]
SUMAN M B [R15ME284]
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF.VARADRAJ K R
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVA UNIVERSITY
RUKMINI KNOWLEDGE PARK
KATTIGENAHALLI
YELAHANKA
BENGALURU-560064

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INDEX

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………. 3-5
Automobiles……………………………………………………………………... 3
Electric and Hybrid-Electric Power Trains ………………………………….. 3
All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) …………………………………………………... 3

Motivation ………………………………………………………………………. 4

Problem Definition ………………………………………………………………4

SAE………………………………………………………………………………. 4
EBAJA …………………………………………………………………………….5
2. Literature survey…………………………………………………………6-10
History of electric car…………………………………………………….6
Technology types………………………………………………………….6-7
Power source……………………………………………………………….8
Innovative control methods………………………………………………9
Author/source………………………………………………………………10

3. Objectives………………………………………………………………...11

4. Methodology………………………………………………………………12

5. Time
schedule…………………………………………………………………....13

6. Reference………………………………………………………………….14

7. Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………….15

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Introduction
Automobiles
Over the last 50 years Indian society has become largely dependent on automobiles for
our everyday living. We rely on heavy trucks for transporting our food and goods from
other parts of the country. Light automobiles are heavily used for commuting between
work and home. There are approximately 211 million vehicles on Indian roads; these
on-road vehicles travelled 315.3 billion kilometres and consumed 39.5 billion litres of
petrol and diesel in 2015. The consumption of this fuel accounts for 35 percent of the
country’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To help reduce the GHG emissions from
the automobile sector many different alternatives have been studied, of these options
electrifying and hybridizing the drive trains are available options.

Electric and Hybrid-Electric Power Trains

The electrification of a power train allows for an increase in the overall drive train
Efficiency, as electrical systems are much more efficient that internal combustion
engines (ICEs). A purely electrical drive train is limited only by the capabilities of the
energy storage. Current battery technologies lack the amount of energy storage capacity
to compare with energy dense carbon based fuels. A synergistic work around for this
problem is to combine the energy efficiency of an electrical drive train with the high
energy storage capabilities of an ICE through hybridization. Hybrids are available in
essentially two different variants. The first is a series hybrid in which the wheels are
driven by the electrical motor and the ICE drives a generator to convert the mechanical
energy to electrical energy. The second type of hybrid is a parallel hybrid. A parallel
hybrid consists of both an electric drive train and mechanical drive train that are both
connected to the wheels of the vehicle. A combined version of both hybrid topologies
can also be used and is sometimes referred to as a complex hybrid .The benefit of the
hybridization is that the electric drive train can be optimized to operate so that the ICE
can run at its peak efficiency, i.e. the ICE shuts down when stopped or coasting. The
electric motor can also supply extra torque for acceleration, thus allowing for the
installation of a smaller gasoline engine.

All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs)

Automobiles are primarily used for on-road travel. A newer segment of small vehicle
that is popular is the all-terrain vehicle. The first commercial all terrain vehicle was
the ATC90 introduced by the Honda Motor Company in 1970 . This vehicle was a
simple 3 wheeled vehicle with a small 90 cc ICE. The vehicle was originally intended
to be used for recreational purposes. The continued development of the three-wheeled
vehicles eventually evolved into the four wheel vehicles we are familiar with today.
While still used for recreation, the high performance and agile vehicles are used in many
application including farming, forestry, natural resource exploration, law enforcement
and peacekeeping. Just as with automobiles, ATVs are powered by inefficient ICEs
and thus generate GHG emissions, pollution and noise. ATVs have a very different use
than on road vehicles, they travel shorter distances usually at a much slower speed than

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automobiles and spend lots of time idling. These conditions make the vehicles ideal to
electrify and potentially hybridize to greatly increase their overall efficiency.

Motivation
As indicated above, many uses of ATVs, such as farm use or resource exploration,
involve frequent short trips with lots of stopping. Plenty of stopping amounts to
excessively wasteful engine idling and pointless emissions. The off road capabilities
allow them to be driven in environmentally sensitive areas where the impact of the
emissions or a potential gasoline or oil leak may be substantial. The possibility of
reducing the environmental impact of the small vehicle without sacrificing the vehicles
high performance is a reasonable target.

Problem Definition
The goal of this work is to design an electric drive train for an ATV. The selection of
components and topology will be such that it will have consistent performance as the
conventional gasoline powered ATV. The final design should afford the user the same
control and usability as a conventional ATV. The drive train should also allow
hybridization to take place in the future. The components selected for the drive train
should not increase the weight of the vehicle and requiring the fewest frame
modifications possible. The components will be selected based on existing ATV
performance and simulation, endeavouring to match the performance characteristics as
close as possible.

SAE
In the constantly evolving field of automotive engineering, researchers and designers
continuously look to accomplish two tasks. They work to not only improve upon designs, but
to also teach and inspire the next generation of engineers to take an interest in the challenges
and rewards of automotive engineering. To aid them in their mission, a global association of
approximately 128,000 engineers and technical experts was created, known as the Society of
Automotive Engineers (SAE) International. The core values of SAE International are lifelong
learning and voluntary consensus standards development. SAE International hosts a large
number of different collegiate events with two of the most popular being the Formula SAE and
Baja SAE competitions. Both competitions engage students in real-world engineering design
projects. The objective of the Baja SAE competition is to design an off-road vehicle capable of
enduring the rough terrain. The competition is scored based on a number of aspects such as:
design, challenge results, and a financial report.

E-BAJA
The BAJA SAE Series is an event for the undergraduate engineering students,
organized globally by the Society of Automotive Engineers, USA. The event originated
in the name of Mini - BAJA, in the year 1976 at University of Carolina. Since then, the
event has spanned across six countries – USA, Mexico, South Africa, Korea, Brazil and
India. The BAJA SAE tasks the students to design, fabricate and validate a single seater
four - wheeled off road vehicle to take part in series of events spread over a course of
3 days that test the vehicle for the sound engineering practices that have gone into it,
the agility of the vehicle in terms of gradability, speed, acceleration and
manoeuvrability characteristics and finally its ability to endure that back breaking

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durability test. eBAJA intercollegiate design competition. Teams of students need to

design and build electric powered atv that has Traction motor of 48V with fully
automatic transmission having 10.83 Gear Ratios and 160 ah of battery pack.
Considering the vision and road-map of automobile 2020, eBAJA SAEINDIA is a step
ahead in gradual liberalization of the automobile sector in India. It is the strong
approach towards shaping the future direction of auto industry so as to promote and a
This was a new initiative introduced in 2014 on the counsel of former President of India,
APJ Abdul Kalam, in order to promote greener mobility. All entries in this category run
on the rechargeable lithium ion batteries. While there isn’t any specification on where
students must source their powertrains from for this competition, most teams usually
use a Mahindra Reva engine fo their cars. eBAJA is amongst the most significant
inventive in India. It is the first of its kind competition throughout the world. Taking up
the initiative Mahindra Reva is providing strong upfront and proactive support to all
teams in means of providing power train kits and onsite technical assistance.

In order to successfully complete this project, collaboration with several groups plays
an integral role. These groups included our advisor, sponsors, industry experts, and the
REVA UNIVERSITY SAE Chapter. These groups provided us with a significant pool
of knowledge and advice that assisted the group in assembling a working vehicle. This
vehicle will be used in the 2018-2017+Baja SAE competition and will create an
environment for REVA SAE members to demonstrate the important engineering
principles that they have learned. Since the vehicle will also remain part of the REVA
SAE Chapter’s property, it can be used to mentor new members and help them explore
the field of automotive engineering.

Components of a Baja Vehicle Automotive vehicles in general and Baja vehicles more
specifically, utilize many on board systems that allow the vehicle to operate fully. These
systems include the steering, suspension, brakes, motor, battery, drivetrain, and frame.
Vehicles also may utilize a variety of sensors in order to gather data about the vehicle and
environment during use. For the purpose of this Baja vehicle, no sensors will be used in order
to reduce complexity, the potential for failure of components, and vehicle weight.

Over the years Baja has grown in popularity and has become a bigger event nationally.
It serves as a platform for young engineering talent to showcase their skills and acquire
a real life experience while over coming obstacle and challenges.
BAJA has inspired many brilliant minds to come up with mind boggling innovations
and developments and this time also BAJA will ignite the passion which will generate
the spark to create a better version of vehicles. This year Baja SAEINDIA will be
organized at two different locations which are Pithampur, M.P and IIT Ropar,
Punjab.120 teams for m-BAJA will be participating in Pithampur, Indore, M.P while
60 teams will be competing at IIT Ropar, Punjab.
Last year we had 32 teams for E-BAJA which has reached to 37 teams this year. This
is a big step towards awareness among individuals about alternate energy sources and
sustainable development. E- BAJA is a strong initiative and we look forward to work
for the betterment of technology and environment.

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LITERATURE SURVEY

HISTORY OF THE ELECTRIC CAR

For over 100 years, numerous inventors in Europe and North America have attempted to perfect
the electric vehicle, or EV. These self-propelled automobiles were first developed as a
replacement for the horse and buggy. The cars were silent, clean and easy to operate. During
this time period, the cars were used most often for short trips around town. Therefore, the lack
of advanced battery technology, which increases the distance the vehicle can go before
recharging, did not pose any issues . Several men have been given credit for the invention of
the EV because the term “electric vehicle” can be applied to multiple inventions of the time
period. Between the years of 1832 and 1839, the Scottish inventor Robert Anderson created
the first electric-powered carriage. In 1835, Thomas Davenport, a blacksmith from America
designed and built a small electric car. More so, Dutch inventor Sibrandus Stratingh designed
an electromagnetic cart in the 1830’s. In 1891, William Morrison built what is considered the
first successful EV in the United States. Morrison’s car was equipped with a 4 horsepower
motor, and a power supply which consisted of a 24-cell battery. The car was capable of
traveling at approximately 22 km per hour or 13 miles per hour. The Pope Manufacturing
Company of Hartford, Connecticut was the first large scale U.S. manufacturer of Electric Cars.
Its car also topped out at 22 km per hour, and had a range of 48 km per charge . At the turn of
the century, 28 percent of all cars produced in the United States were electric. These cars were
more attractive than gas-powered vehicles because they were more reliable, did not backfire,
and did not need to be hand-cranked to start. During this time period, Thomas Edison began
working on a more efficient battery that would produce more power for a longer period of time,
and also weigh less. His nickel-iron-alkaline battery was said to be at least 200% better than
the existing lead-acid batteries. This advancement increased range from approximately 50 km
with lead-acid batteries to approximately 160 km . Regardless of these improvements in battery
design, the popularity of electric vehicles soon declined. With the mass production of Henry
Fords’ gas powered model T, along with 4 Charles Kettering’s electric automobile starter,
which eliminated the need to hand crank, gas powered vehicles soon became the standard.
Further research and development of electric vehicles became more prominent during the
1960s and 1970s due to the rise in fuel costs and fear of exhausting fuel supplies. General
Motors began producing its EV1 in the late 1990’s which was the first mass produced electric
car of the modern era. Despite innovations in battery technology, this electric vehicle could
still only travel a fraction of the distance gas powered vehicles traveled, which was not
appealing to most consumers. The vehicle was also extremely expensive to produce. After the
failure of the EV1, GM became commonly known as the company that killed the electric car .
In 1997, Toyota began production of its first electric vehicle, the Rav4 EV. This electric vehicle
hit the market in 2001 and boasted a driving range of 80-110 miles on a single charge. The
Tesla Roadster, manufactured by Tesla Motors in California, which first became available in
2006, brought shock to many consumers, with a sticker price starting at $90,000. This vehicle
could travel 245 miles on its lithium-ion battery pack. The Tesla Roadster was the first high
performance electric vehicle and is still being produced today . Currently, all major automobile
companies are working on plans for electric cars. The all electric Ford Focus will be available
soon, and will be able to run for 100 miles on a single charge. For the most part however,

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research and development has been done on hybrid vehicles, such as the Chevy Volt, which
supplements electric power with a gas-powered engine that works as a generator to recharge
the vehicles battery . The future of electric vehicles depends a great deal on advancements in
battery technology. For electric vehicles to become a complete success, the range, performance,
price, reliability, and convenience factor must be at that of the gasoline-powered automobile,
if not superior. As this technology advances, affordable all electric vehicles may become the
standard.
TECHNOLOGY TYPES
Both AC and DC motors can be used to provide torque for an electric vehicle. DC motors are
the more popular choice for electric cars right now, particularly for those building their own
electric vehicle . More specifically, the DC series wound motors are possibly the favorite of
the DIY community because they are relatively inexpensive to build, reliable, readily available
to the public, and most importantly can produce high torque at a standstill. However, they are
not ideal for climbing inclined terrains or for fairly constant speeds. They also must be run
under constant full load at all times, which causes overheating due to the magnets’ lack of quick
5 thermal dissipation. This issue leads to the continuous operating horse power to be
substantially less than the peak horse power. These motors are more suited for flat ground and
drag racing applications . Another type of DC motor, the permanent magnet DC motor, is the
second choice for EV’s. These motors use metal brushes to function and are both inexpensive
and easy to use. However, these motors have a major drawback as well; they generate a
tremendous amount of noise and electrical radio interference . Also the brushes in the motor
wear over time and eventually require replacement. Last, both types of DC motors have
extreme difficulty with regenerative breaking. Although 3-phase AC induction motors are not
as popular as DC motors in the E.V. community, they exhibit superior performance. AC
induction motors have an advantage in continuous power for inclined terrain, higher rpm, and
better regenerative braking capabilities. Furthermore, these motors typically provide more
power, a greater range, and weigh less than DC motors . Because of its compatibility with
regenerative breaking, the range the electric vehicle can go before needing to recharge the
batteries is close to that of a tank of gas for an average internal combustion engine automobile.
The AC motor’s systems are also simpler and safer to install when compared to the DC motor
. While the DC’s system can short-circuit the entire battery pack and risk catching the motor
on fire, a blown AC inverter just fails and shuts down the car . Another advantage of the AC
motor is that it can spin up to 13,000 rpm without needing to change gears, meaning a
transmission is not needed and can save weight. More so, this type of motor is less harsh on
the drive train and it does not use brushes to operate. Thus, this type of motor leads to a more
reliable vehicle that requires less maintenance. However, AC motors are not used as often as
DC motors for EV conversions because they are not only more expensive, but also require a
more complicated control system. The DC power from the batteries must be converted to AC
to be used by the motors, so the car needs a voltage inverter and also exchange systems for the
regenerative breaking. Unfortunately, regenerative breaking does not have much of an impact
on range for smaller and lighter vehicles. Furthermore, the circuitry of the system to control
the speed of the vehicle is more complicated in both hardware and software. Despite the cost
and complexity of the system, the 3-phase AC induction is more efficient in energy use and
performance than either choice of DC motor and offers regenerative breaking.

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POWER SOURCES
A major advantage of electric vehicles is that they do not use an engine to power the vehicle.
Instead they use a battery pack/system that provides electric power to the motors. This allows
drivers to avoid the consumption of fossil fuels and eliminate harmful emissions. As for the
batteries, there are several different options for an electric vehicle’s power source. The most
popular batteries for this application include the lead acid battery, lithium ion battery, and the
lithium polymer battery. To decide which battery to use, one must examine each battery’s own
unique characteristics. To begin, lead acid batteries are not the most efficient and are definitely
not the preferred option if price is not an issue. However, lead acid batteries are far easier to
make than lithium batteries. They can also be stored for long periods as they are very tolerant.
These factors lead to a significantly cheaper battery than a lithium battery pack. Additionally,
lead acid batteries have been used in gas engine vehicles for a considerable period of time. The
downside to using these batteries is that they can become corroded, and are heavier and less
efficient than an equivalent lithium battery . Another type of battery, the standard lithium ion
battery, has a greater storage capacity than most other batteries and tends to be a better choice
in devices where high current or power is required. However, it also has its own downfalls; not
only is this type of battery big and bulky, but it also get very hot while in operation . To
compensate for the overheating, which can lead to fires or even explosions, safety precautions
must be taken. Tesla Motors, a leading company in the innovation and sale of fully electric
vehicles, uses many such safety techniques in their designs. For example, lithium ion batteries
are used in the Tesla Roadster along with the universal CAN bus system. The safety system for
the battery back consists of battery modules and a protection circuit made on a printed circuit
board. In case of high temperatures and high internal pressure within the battery system, the
circuit will trigger a disconnection in the problem cell. These types of safety features are
essential in the design of an electric vehicle. Lithium polymer batteries are very similar to the
standard lithium ion batteries. These polymer batteries differ mostly in that they have a porous
separator that turns into a gel-like substance. Due to this physical difference, the polymer
batteries do not require a thick metal shell as the lithium ion battery does. This allows for
smaller and lighter batteries that have less potential to overheat, thus avoiding the need for a
protection circuit in most cases. Unfortunately, the polymer battery is not always more
productive than the ion battery due to a lower charge density, and are more expensive due to
the manufacturing process . Though lithium polymer batteries are able to be used in an electric
vehicle, you would need more batteries and more money just for the benefit of more space.
Ultimately, depending on the goals of the vehicle, any of these batteries would be a sufficient
power source for an electric car. With any of these batteries it is important that when an array
is used for the system/pack that safety be taken into account. As in the Tesla Roadster, 7 the
pack must account for heat distribution, mechanical tolerance, and the removal of a damaged
battery from the system. Hydrogen Fuel cells are another valid option for going green, but
refueling stations are currently scarce.

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INNOVATIVE CONTROL METHODS

With the range of electric vehicles being of great concern for the industry, advanced onboard
tools must be created to conserve and reuse energy. One technique commonly used is
regenerative braking. Regenerative braking can be used to slow a vehicle by reversing the
current flow to the motor. In turn, this will convert kinetic energy into electricity. This
technique is effective because the energy converted can be used immediately or stored in a
battery for later use. In contrast, current cars lose energy while braking in the form of heat from
the friction of brake pads . Regenerative braking is commonly used in the commercially
available Toyota Prius, Tesla Roadster and the Chevrolet Volt. Another common feature
amongst internal combustion vehicles is traction control. Internal combustion engine vehicles
can merely shut off the fuel to certain cylinders to reduce the power being produced, and thus
allow the tires to grip the road. However, for an electric vehicle, the traction control system
must use software to control the outputs of motors. The traction control system (TCS) will have
to estimate the current road conditions and adjust the output of the motor/generator (M/G)
according to the slip ratio. The University of Tokyo suggests an equation to determine the slip
ratio during acceleration: λ = (Vw – V)/Vw λ = Slip Ratio, Vw = Velocity of the Wheels, V =
Velocity of the vehicle The speed of the wheels is compared to the speed of the vehicle and
current going into the motors is reduced until they are equal. This theory will play a large role
in our project because most commercially available electric cars are actually hybrids, which
use their internal combustion engines to for the TCS [13]. The most unique part of any electric
vehicle is the battery management system (BMS). The BMS is necessary to maintain the
batteries. If improperly implemented, the BMS will cause the life span of the battery cells to
decrease. This is done by ensuring that the batteries are not charging or discharging except for
when need be. Another feature of the BMS will be to convey the status of individual cells and
recommend replacement when necessary. BMS is also used for safety measures. Any
abnormalities with the voltage of the batteries will be detected, and the vehicle will be shut
down until the problem is solved. This is of importance because a new 8 technology has to
show proof of being just as safe as or even safer than the previous technology. Another
innovative control method is the use of the Controller Area Network, often referred to as CAN,
which is a serial bus system for industrial automation, medical equipment, and vehicles. Since
its creation in the early 1980’s and major revision in the early 1990’s, the bus standard has
expanded to other areas. However, as a protocol of the OBD-II vehicle diagnostics port found
in every new car or truck, CAN is still one of the most widely used bus systems in the
automotive market. As an international standard, CAN hardware is now produced by over 50
manufactures including Intel and Phillips Semiconductors. The CAN protocol essentially
consists of two communication related services. The first is to send data. The other, is to
request/receive data. If multiple messages are being sent at the same time, the bus will use a
priority system to access the proper messages without any delay. More so, there is no central
bus controller in CAN. Thus, it is referred to as a multimaster system. Even more importantly,
innovative error handling was implemented into the system so that if any hardware failed, the
system could keep operating. The CAN system ties all of the electric subsystems in an
automobile together. It controls everything from the engine control unit to cruise control and
airbags. Instead of having propriety connections between all subsystems, CAN was made the
standard to simplify the design and manufacturing of automobile systems.

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AUTHORS / SOURCE
[1] CAN in Automation (CiA). CAN in Automation (CiA). [Online].
http://www.cancia.de/index.php?id=16
[2] CarsDirect. [Online]. http://www.carsdirect.com/car-maintenance/pros-and-cons-of-a-
lead-acidcar-battery
[3] Scott Gable Christine Gable. About.com Hybrid Cars & Alt Fuels. [Online].
http://alternativefuels.about.com/od/hybridvehicles/a/regenbraking.htm
[4] Kurt Kelty, JB Straubel, Erik Toomre Gene Berdichevsky. (2006, August) Tesla Motors.
[Online]. http://webarchive.teslamotors.com/display_data/TeslaRoadsterBatterySystem.pdf
[5] Candace Horgan. eHow-Lithium Polymer Vs. Ion Battery. [Online].
http://www.ehow.com/about_5545273_lithium-polymer-vs-ion-battery.html
[6] Metric Mind Corporation. [Online]. http://www.metricmind.com/
[7] Ania Monaco. (2011, September) the institute. [Online].
http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technologyfocus/technology-history/a-road-trip-through-time
[8] Popular Electric Car Motors. [Online]. http://xzendor.hubpages.com/hub/Popular-
Electric-CarMotors
[9] Frances Romero. (2009, January) Time Business. [Online].
http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1871282,00.html
[10] Court Rye. (2008, October) DC vs. AC Electric Car Motors. [Online].
http://evauthority.com/dc-vs-acelectric-car-motors/
[11] Mike Southern. eHow. [Online]. http://www.ehow.com/about_6619048_ac-dc-motors-
electriccars.html
[12] Carl Sulzberger. (2004, May) IEEE Power Engineering Society. [Online].
http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pes/public/2004/may/peshistory.html
[13] Yasushi Toyoda, Yoshimasa Tsuruoka Yoichi Hori. Hori-Fujimoto Lab. [Online].
http://www.hori.k.utokyo.ac.jp/staff/hori/paperPDF/EV_Trans.pdf

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OBJECTIVES

 To study the perceptions and expectations of potential for alternative technologies like
hybrid/electric vehicles

 To study the willingness of buyers to opt for electric/hybrid vehicles as practical
commuting option.

 To study the government initiatives for promoting electric vehicles

 To study the current expectations of customers and also future potential of electric
vehicles

 To study the current threats which is causing slow growth

 Reduce Vehicle weight. Wherever possible, light materials like aluminium and its
alloys have been used. Composite materials or plastics could also be used. Augment
performance by minimising power loss.. Basically our vehicle shall be a unique
single-seat, off-road, rugged, recreational and fun-to-drive vehicle which in intended
for sale to weekend off-road enthusiast

 To give maximum precedence to driver/rider safety. For this strict conformance to

SAE and ARAI designing norms have been ensured. Further, an innovative and
indigenously designed dynamically stabilised steering system was being developed.

 To have maximum traction in the roughest of roads. Independent suspension ensures

the wheels are always in touch with the ground, the special treads of off-road tires
provides good traction.

 To have maximum ground clearance. For thus we have used a double wish bone type
independent

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METHODOLOGY

Being new to such a platform, we had to start out with a simple and basic design approach
consisting of the following:

 FIELD STUDY: This included the visit to a nearest go-kart track, a ride in the go-
kart, a brief study on the design, components and mechanism. With this study we acquired
the basic practical knowledge of its design, ergonomics, driver safety, components used and
the customer needs.

 BASIC SKETCHING: All the team members initially started with the basic rough
sketch of the go-kart until each individual of the group got familiar with the basic parts of the
go-kart.

 CONSTRAINTS: After getting the basic idea of the go-kart, we set our constraints in
accordance with the rule book of EK- 15 within which we had to work.

 WORKING AS A TEAM: Basically we divided our team into five sub teams on the
interest of the individual as:

 Chassis
 Steering
 Brakes
 suspension
 Motor and Transmission
 Battery and battery management systems
 Wheel assembly and Tires
Each member carries out a common Methodology in designing their respective work.

Frame design : it includes designing of frame by selecting suitable SAE rules and required
material.
Analysis of frame : it includes finding out voin misses stress acting on vehicle at different
critical conditions and finding the FOS of vehicle.
Steering : it includes designing of suitable steering mechanism and geometry with proper
ratios.
Suspension : it includes designing of suitable suspension mechanism and geometry and
selection of springs and damper with respect to stiffness.
Brakes : it includes designing of suitable type of brakes and selecting transfer mechanism to
find the stopping distance and deceleration.
Electric power train and BMS : it includes designing and selecting motors and other
components for best efficiency and power by designing gears .

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TIME SCHEDULE

TASK START END NAME

COLLECTING DATA 1/aug/2018 1/sep/2018 All

FRAME DESIGN & ANALYSIS 5/sep/2018 20/sep/2018 Anuka

SUSPENSION DESIGN 21/sep/2018 1/oct/2018 Swaroop

BRAKES DESIGN 2/oct/201/8 10/oct/2018 Suman

STEERING DESIGN 11/oct/2018 20/oct/2019 Shamanth

ELECTRIC POWER TRAIN 5/sep/2018 2/oct/2018 All

DESIGN
PROJECT FIRST PHASE 23/nov/2018 23/nov/2018 All

PROCCURING PARTS 25/oct/2018 31/nov/2018 All

FABRICATION 1/dec/2018 10/jan/2019 All

TESTING 11/jan/2019 20/jan/2019 All

REPORTS 1/feb/2019 25/feb/2019 All

FINAL DAY PRESENTATION March All

2019

Project start date: august 2018

Project completion date: march 2019

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https://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-043014-
170937/unrestricted/Final_Baja_MQP_Report.pdf

Limpert, R. (2011). Brake design and safety (3rd ed.). Warrendale, Pa.: Society of Automotive
Engineers.

WWW.DIYGURU.IN

pg. 14
 Electric ATV

Acknowledgement

This is to certify that Mr. Swaroop k s [R15ME295], Ms. Anuka [R15ME390],

Mr.Shamanth M [R15ME267], Mr.Suman M B [R15ME284] are doing major project
for eighth semester on “DESIGNING AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC ATV”
under the guidance of prof. Varadraj K R . school of mechanical engineering REVA
university.

Faculty guide signature……………………………

Date…………………………………..

Place………………………………..

pg. 15