Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sewa Project
Sewa Project
X-F
S.
No. Title Date Teacher’s
sign
INDEX
1. Acknowledgement 15.06.19
2. Bibliography 16.06.19
3. Introduction:
Meaning
19.06.19
4. History 20.06.19
5. Sustainable
treatment
21.06.19
6. Transport 22.06.19
7. Technologies 23.06.19
8. Concepts 23.06.19
9. Conclusion 23.06.19
Acknowledgement
I would thank my science teachers: Shilpa
ma’am, Arpita ma’am and Geetanjali ma’am
who made it easier for me to research for
the topic, which was most suitable for me.
Bibliography
https://www.slideshare.net/akashthewellwi
sher/waste-management-ideas
http://icsehelp-
resources.blogspot.com/2011/02/waste-
management.html?m=1
Meaning of waste
management
Waste management is the collection , transport
, processing , recycling or disposal, and
monitoring of waste materials. The term
usually relates to materials produced by
human activity, and is generally undertaken to
reduce their effect on health , the environment
or aesthetics . Waste management is also
carried out to recover resources from it. Waste
management can involve solid , liquid ,
gaseous or radioactive substances, with
different methods and fields of expertise for
each.
(1) LANDFILL
(2) INCINERATION
CONCLUSION: EDUCATION
AND AWARENESS
Education and awareness in the area of waste
and waste management is increasingly
important from a global perspective of
resource management. The Talloires
Declaration is a declaration for sustainability
concerned about the unprecedented scale and
speed of environmental pollution and
degradation, and the depletion of natural
resources. Local, regional, and global air
pollution; accumulation and distribution of
toxic wastes; destruction and depletion of
forests, soil, and water; depletion of the ozone
layer and emission of "green house" gases
threaten the survival of humans and thousands
of other living species, the integrity of the
earth and its biodiversity, the security of
nations, and the heritage of future generations.
Several universities have implemented the
Talloires Declaration by establishing
environmental management and waste
management programs, e.g. the waste
management university project. University and
vocational education are promoted by various
organizations, e.g. WAMITAB and Chartered
Institution of Wastes Management. Many
supermarkets encourage customers to use their
reverse vending machines to deposit used
purchased containers and receive a refund
from the recycling fees. Brands that
manufacture such machines include Tomra
and Envipco.
EXPERIMENT ON PLASTICS
REPLACEMENT BY BIOMASS
SUBSTANCES-:
Specific Objectives:
Upon completion of these activities the student will be able
to:
Materials:
Hemp Yarns
Polypropylene yarns
Balance
12 beakers
Cardboard box with lid
Oven
Distilled water
Paper towels
Salt water
Aluminum trays
UV lamp
Procedure:Make a one- percent salt solution by adding ten grams of NaCl to one liter of
water.Measure the mass of each yarn separately. If you do not have an accurate balance you
might have to use four or five yarns together instead of one to place in a beaker.Label six
beakers 1 through 6. Add 100 ml of distilled water to each beaker. In beakers 1, 3, and 5 put
Hemp yarn of known mass. In the other three beakers labeled 2, 4, and 6 put polypropylene
yarns of known mass.One beaker of polypropylene and one beaker of Hemp yarn (beakers
labeled 1 and 2) should be placed in normal light (fluorescent light). Make sure the light is
kept on day and night, throughout your experiment.Take the cardboard box and fix the UV
lamp on its lid using duct tape, so that when the lid is closed only UV light will fall inside the
box. Take the second polypropylene beaker and the second Hemp beaker (beakers labeled 3
and 4) and put them inside the cardboard box with the UV light on. The UV light should be
kept on, day and night, throughout your experiment.The third polypropylene beaker and the
third Hemp yarn beaker (beakers labeled 5 and 6) should be placed in a dark corner with no
light.Label the other six beakers 7 through 12. Add 100 ml of 1% salt solution to each beaker.
In three beakers labeled 7, 9, and 11 put Hemp fibers of known mass. In the other three
beakers labeled 8, 10, and 12 put polypropylene yarn of known mass.
One beaker of polypropylene and one beaker of Hemp yarn with salt water (beakers 7 and 8)
should be placed in normal light.
The second beaker of polypropylene and the second beaker of Hemp (beakers 9 and 10)
should be placed in the card board box with UV light on.
The third beaker of polypropylene and the third beaker of hemp yarn (beakers 11, and 12)
should be placed in the dark corner of the room with no light.
Once or twice a week depending on the rate of evaporation of water take the Hemp yarn out
of the beaker and dry it on a paper towel separately. When you take the yarn out of salt water
it is better to rinse it in fresh water before drying, just to remove any salt sticking to the fiber
which could cause an error in the mass. After all the water is absorbed by the paper towel put
the hemp yarn in a tray and place it in the oven for 10 minutes at 120 degrees Celsius to drive
off any left over moisture. Take it out and let it cool for about 10 minutes. Measure the mass
of the yarn after cooling. Add some water to the beaker to bring the level back to 100 ml.
Make sure not to add salt water into the distilled water beaker or vice versa. Put the hemp
yarn back into the beaker and place it back in its appropriate position.
Repeat this process for all Hemp yarns (all odd numbered beakers) one at a time. Make sure
to put the yarn back into the same beaker from which you took it; and to put the beakers in
the same place where they belong.
Take polypropylene yarn from its beaker and follow the same steps as above to find it's mass.
Add enough water to bring the level back to 100 ml and place the yarn back into the beaker.
Put back the beaker in its position. Repeat for all even numbered beakers.
Record the date and the time on the clock while measuring the mass of each yarn.
Repeat the whole process for about 10-15 weeks or longer, until considerable changes in the
masses are noticed. Tabulate the results.
Graph the results with mass versus time and find the equation of the best-fit curve. (Try
exponential, quadratic, logarithmic and linear functions.) If this is a linear regression find the
slope and explain the significance of slope for this experiment.
Calculate the total time needed to completely decompose the hemp yarns by extrapolating
the graph and also by using the equation. (TI-83 graphing calculator will be helpful in
processing this data.)