Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 125
Chapter
CONTENTS
5.1 Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 Meaning of Inverse Function
 Domain and Range of Inverse Functions
 Principal Values for Inverse Circular Functions
 Conversion Property
 General Values for Inverse Circular Functions
5.2 Formulas for Sum and Difference of Inverse
Circular Functions
5.3 Inverse Trigonometric ratios of Multiple angles
Assignment (Basic and Advance Level)
Answer Sheet
Sir John F.W. Hersehel
Daniel Bernoulli was the first to use symbols for
the inverse trigonometric functions. In 1729 he
used A S. for arcsine in Comment. acad. sc.
Petrop., Vol. II.
According to Cajori (vol. 2, page 176) the
inverse trigonometric function notation utilizing
the exponent–1 was introduced by Sir John
Frederick William Herschel in 1813 in the
Philosophical Transactions of London.The
symbols sin–1x, cos–1x etc. for arc sinx, arc cosx
etc. were also suggested by the astronomer Sir
John F.W. Hersehel.
In American and English books the symbol sin –1
y is generally used; on the continent of Europe
the symbol arc sin y is the one that is met.
 126 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

The inverse of a function f : A  B exists if f is one-one onto i.e., a bijection and is given by
f (x )  y  f 1 (y)  x .
Consider the sine function with domain R and range [–1, 1]. Clearly this function is not a
bijection and so it is not invertible. If we restrict the domain of it in such a way that it becomes
one–one, then it would become invertible. If we consider sine as a function with domain
  
 2 , 2  and co-domain [–1, 1], then it is a bijection and therefore, invertible. The inverse of
 
  
sine function is defined as sin 1 x    sin   x , where    ,  and x  [1, 1] .
 2 2
5.1 Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
(1) Meaning of inverse function
(i) sin   x  sin1 x   (ii) cos   x  cos 1 x   (iii) tan   x  tan 1 x  
(iv) cot   x  cot 1 x   (v) sec   x  sec 1 x   (vi) cosec  x  cosec 1 x  
(2) Domain and range of inverse functions Y (1, /2)
1
(i) If sin y  x , then y  sin x , under certain condition.
 1  sin y  1; but sin y  x .  1  x  1
y = sin–
  1
x X
Again, sin y  1  y   and sin y  1  y  . O
2 2
 
Keeping in mind numerically smallest angles or real numbers.    y(–1,
–
2 /2) 2
These restrictions on the values of x and y provide us with the domain and range for the
function y  sin 1 x .
i.e., Domain : x  [1, 1]
  
Range: y   , 
 2 2 Y
1 (–1,
(ii) Let cos y  x , then y  cos x , under certain conditions  1  cos y 1
/2)
 1  x  1
cos y  1  y   y = cos–
1
x X
cos y  1  y  0 O (1, 0)

 0  y   {as cos x is a decreasing function in [ 0 ,  ];

hence cos   cos y  cos 0
These restrictions on the values of x and y provide us the domain and range for the function
y  cos 1 x .
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 127

i.e. Domain: x  [1, 1]

Range : y  [0,  ]

(iii) If tan y  x , then y  tan 1 x , under certain conditions. y

  y=
Here, tan y  R  x  R ,    tan y     y 2
2 2
x
Thus, Domain x  R ; O

  
Range y    ,  y = –/2 y = tan–
 2 2 1
x

(iv) If cot y  x , then y  cot 1 x

under certain conditions, cot y  R  x  R; y=

   cot y    0  y  

These conditions on x and y make the function, cot y  x one-one (0,

/2)
and onto so that the inverse function exists. i.e., y  cot 1 x is O y = cot–
x
1
x
meaningful.
 Domain : x  R
Range : y  (0,  )


(v) If sec y  x , then y  sec 1 x , where | x |  1 and 0  y   , y  (–1,)
2
Here, Domain: x  R  (1, 1) y = /2
x
 
Range: y  [0,  ]   
2 y O (1,0
–
y= ) sec
(vi) If cosec y  x , then y  cosec 1 x (1,
1
x
/2)
 
Where | x |  1 and  y ,y  0
2 2 x

Here, Domain  R  (1, 1)

(–1, – O y = cosec–
)
  
1
x
Range   ,   {0}
 2 2
Function Domain (D) Range (R)
sin 1 x 1  x  1 or [1, 1]     
   or  , 
2 2  2 2
cos 1 x 1  x  1 or [1, 1] 0     or [0,  ]

tan 1 x   x   i.e., x  R or  
  
  or   , 
(, ) 2 2  2 2
cot 1 x   x   i.e., x  R or 0     or (0,  )
128 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

(, )
sec 1
x x  1, x  1 or (,  1]  [1, )     
 , 0     or 0,    ,  
2  2 2 
cosec 1 x x  1, x  1 or (,  1]  [1, )       
  0,    or  , 0    0, 
2 2  2   2
 
(3) sin 1 (sin  )   , Provided that    , cos 1 (cos )   , Provided that
2 2
0  
 
tan 1 (tan  )   , Provided that    , cot 1 (cot  )   , Provided that 0    
2 2
 
sec 1 (sec )   , Provided that 0    or  
2 2
 
cosec 1 (cosec )   , Provided that     0 or 0   
2 2
1
(4) sin(sin x )  x, Provided that  1  x  1 , cos(cos 1 x )  x, Provided that  1  x  1
tan (tan 1 x )  x , Provided that    x   cot(cot 1 x )  x, Provided that
x 
sec(sec 1 x )  x, Provided that    x  1 or 1  x  
cosec (cosec –1 x )  x, Provided that    x  1 or 1  x  
(5) sin 1 ( x )   sin 1 x cos 1 ( x )    cos 1 x , tan 1 ( x )   tan 1 x
cot 1 ( x )    cot 1 x sec 1 ( x )    sec 1 x cosec 1 ( x )  cosec –1 x
 
(6) sin 1 x  cos 1 x  , for all x  [1, 1] tan 1 x  cot 1 x  , for all x  R
2 2

sec 1 x  cosec -1 x  , for all x  (,  1]  [1, )
2
Important Tips
1 1 1
 Here; sin x , cosec x , tan x belong to I and IV Quadrant. /2
1 1 1
 Here; cos x , sec x , cot x belong to I and II Quadrant.
I II I
 I Quadrant is common to all the inverse functions.  0
 III Quadrant is not used in inverse function.
IV

 IV Quadrant is used in the clockwise direction i.e.,  y0
2 –

(7) Principal values for inverse circular functions

Principal values for x  0 Principal values for x  0
 
0  sin 1 x    sin 1 x  0
2 2
 
0  cos 1 x   cos 1 x  
2 2
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 129

 
0  tan 1 x    tan 1 x  0
2 2
 
 cot 1 x  
0  cot 1 x 
2 2
 
0  sec 1 x   sec 1 x  
2 2
1  
0  cosec x    cosec 1 x  0
2 2

1  5  1  2 4  2 3
Thus sin 1    , not ; cos 1     not ; tan 1 ( 3 )   not ; cot 1 (1)  not
2 6 6  2 3 3 3 3 4

 etc.
4
Note :  sin 1 x , cos 1 x , tan 1 x are also written as arc sin x , arc cos x and arc tan x respectively.
 It should be noted that if not otherwise stated only principal values of inverse
circular functions are to be considered.
1 1
(8) Conversion property : Let, sin 1 x  y  x  sin y  cosec y     y  cosec –1  
x x

1 x2  
sin 1 x  cos 1 1  x 2  tan 1
x
 cot 1  sec 1 
1   cosec –1  1 
  x
1 x2 x  1x
2


 1 x2     
cos 1 x  sin 1 1  x 2  tan 1    sec 1 1  cosec –1  1   cot 1  x 
     
x x  1x   1x 
2 2
 

     
  cot 1  1   sec 1 1  x 2  cosec 1  1  x
2
tan 1 x  sin 1 
x   cos 1  1 
    x  
 1 x   1 x  x
2 2
 
1
Note :  sin 1    cosec 1 x , for all x  (,1]  [1, )
x
1

1 x
 cos 1    sec 1 x , for all x  (, 1]  [1, )
x

 1   cot x ,
1
for x  0 –
 tan 1     1
 x     cot x , for x  0 x2

(9) General values of inverse circular functions: We know that if is the smallest angle whose
sine is x, then all the angles whose sine is x can be written as nx  (1)n , where n  0, 1, 2,.....
Therefore, the general value of sin 1 x can be taken as n  (1)n  . The general value of sin 1 x is
denoted by sin 1 x .
π π
Thus, we have sin 1 x  nπ  (1) n α,  1  x  1, if sin α  x and  α
2 2
Similarly, general values of other inverse circular functions are given as follows:
 130 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

cos 1 x  2n   ,  1  x  1 ; If cos   x , 0    

 
tan 1 x  n  , x  R ; If tan   x,   
2 2
cot 1 x  n    , x  R ; If cot   x , 0    

sec 1 x  2n    , x  1 or x  1 ; If sec   x , 0     and 
2
 
cosec1 x  n  (1)n, x  1 or x  1 ; If cosec  x ,    and x  0
2 2

 3 
Example: 1 The principal value of sin 1   is [Roorkee 1992]
 2 
 
2  4 5
(a)  (b)  (c) (d)
3 3 3 8
       
Solution: (b) sin 1 sin       sin 1 x  
  3  3  2 2

Example: 2 sec 1[sec(30 o )]  [MP PET 1992]

(a) – 60 o
(b)  30 o
(c) 30 o
(d) 150 o

Solution: (c) sec 1 [sec( 30 o )]  sec 1 (sec 30 o )  30 o .

 5 
Example: 3 The principal value of sin 1  sin  is [MP PET 1996]
 3 
5 5  4
(a) (b)  (c)  (d)
3 3 3 3
 5   3  
Solution: (c) sin 1  sin   sin 1    .
 3   2  3
 
  2 
Example: 4 The principal value of sin 1 sin  is [IIT 1986]
  3 
2 2 4
(a)  (b) (c) (d) None of these
3 3 3
2   
Solution: (d) The principal vlaue of sin 1 [sin(  )] = sin 1 sin   .
3 3 3
  1 
Example: 5 Considering only the principal values, if tan(cos 1 x )  sin cot 1   , then x is equal to
  2 
1 2 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 3
1 1
Solution: (d) Put cot 1      cot  
2 2
2
 sin   . Put cos 1 x   then x  cos 
5
2 5
Also  tan   ,  x  cos   .
5 3
1
Example: 6 If   sin [sin ( 600 )] , then one of the possible value of  is
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 131

  2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 
3 2 3 3
Solution: (a)   sin 1 [sin(600 o )] = sin1[ sin(360  240 )]
    
   sin 1 [ sin 240 o ]  sin 1 [ sin(180 o  60 o )]    sin1 sin 60 o  sin 1 sin   .
  3  3
 5   5 
Example: 7 Value of cos 1  cos   sin 1  sin  is [Roorkee 2000]
 3   3 
 2 10 
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3
 5   5           
Solution: (a) cos 1  cos   sin 1  sin   cos 1 cos  2    sin 1 sin 2      0 .
 3   3    3    3  3 3

11
Example: 8 The equation 2 cos 1 x  sin 1 x  has [AMU 1999]
6
(a) No solution (b) Only one solution (c) Two solutions (d) Three solutions
11 11
Solution: (a) Given equation is 2 cos 1 x  sin 1 x   cos 1 x  (cos 1 x  sin 1 x ) 
6 6
11  4
 cos 1 x    cos 1 x  , which is not possible as cos 1 x  0,   .
6 2 3
2
Example: 9 If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  , then cos 1 x  cos 1 y  [EAMCET 1994]
3
2  
(a) (b) (c) (d) 
3 3 6
2
Solution: (b) sin 1 x  sin 1 y 
3
  2 
  cos 1 x   cos 1 y   cos 1 x  cos 1 y  .
2 2 3 3

Example: 10 If   sin 1 x  cos 1 x  tan 1 x , x  0 then the smallest interval in which  lies is
 3    
(a)   (b) 0    (c)    0 (d)  
2 4 4 4 4 2

Solution: (b)   sin 1 x  cos 1 x  tan 1 x   tan 1 x
2
     
We know   tan 1 x     tan 1 x   0   tan 1 x  .
2 2 2 2 2 4

 x2 x3   x4 x6  
Example: 11 If sin  1  x    ...   cos  1  x 2    ...   for 0 | x |  2 , then x equals [IIT Screening 2001]
 2 4   2 4  2
1 1
(a) (b) 1 (c)  (d) – 1
2 2

Solution: (b) We know that sin 1 y  cos 1 y  , | y| 1
2

x2 x3 x4 x6
 According to question, x    ..........  x 2    .......... ...
2 4 2 4
x x2 x x2
  , ( 0  | x |  2 )    2x  x 3  2x 2  x 3  x  x 2
1
x x 2
2  x 2  x2
1
2 2
 132 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

 x  x 2  0  x (1  x )  0  x  0 and x = 1, but x  0. So, x  1 .

Example: 12 If sin 1 x  cot 1  1    , then x is

2 2
[Karnataka 1999; Roorkee 1999]

1 2 3
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
5 5 2

x   1 1 
Solution: (b) sin 1 x  cot 1     cot 1  cos 1 
2 2  2 5 

1  1 2
sin 1 x  cos 1  ; Clearly, x  .
5 2 5
1
1
Example: 13 The value of sin(cot x ) is [MP PET 2001; UPSEAT
1987]

(a) (1  x 2 )3 / 2 (b) (1  x 2 )3 / 2 (c) (1  x 2 )1 / 2 (d) (1  x 2 )1 / 2

  1
sin(cot 1 x ) = sin sin 1  =
1
Solution: (d) .
 
 1x 2
 1 x2

Example: 14 The number of real solutions of tan 1 x (x  1)  sin 1 x2  x 1  is [IIT Screening1999]
2
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Two (d) Infinite

Solution: (c) tan 1 x (x  1)  sin 1 x2  x  1 
2

tan 1 x(x  1) is defined, when x ( x  1)  0 ........(i)

sin1 x 2  x  1 is defined, when 0  x (x  1)  1  1 or 0  x (x  1)  0 ........(ii)

From (i) and (ii), x ( x  1)  0 or x  0 and –1.
Hence, number of solutions is 2.

5.2 Formulae for Sum and Difference of Inverse Trigonometric Function.

 x y 
(1) tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1   ; If x  0, y  0 and xy  1
 1  xy 
 xy 
(2) tan 1 x  tan 1 y    tan 1   ; If x  0, y  0 and xy  1
 1  xy 
 xy 
(3) tan 1 x  tan 1 y    tan 1   ; If x  0, y  0 and xy  1
 1  xy 
 x y 
(4) tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1   ; If xy  1
 1  xy 
 x y 
(5) tan 1  tan 1 y    tan 1   ; If x  0, y  0 and xy  1
 1  xy 
 x y 
(6) tan 1 x  tan 1 y    tan 1   ; If x  0, y  0 and xy  1
 1  xy 
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 133

 x  y  z  xyz 
(7) tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z  tan 1  
 1  xy  yz  zx 
 S  S 3  S 5  .......... . 
(8) tan 1 x 1  tan 1 x 2  ..........  tan 1 x n  tan 1  1  ,
1  S 2  S 4  S 6  ........ 
where S k denotes the sum of the products of x 1 , x 2 ,........, x n taken k at a time.
xy  1
(9) cot 1 x  cot 1 y  cot 1
yx
xy  1
(10) cot 1 x  cot 1 y  cot 1
yx

(11) sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 {x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 } ;

If  1  x , y  1 and x 2  y 2  1 or if xy  0 and x 2  y 2  1

(12) sin 1 x  sin 1 y    sin 1 {x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 }, If 0  x , y  1 and x 2  y 2  1

(13) sin 1 x  sin 1 y    sin 1 {x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 }, If  1  x ; y  0 and x 2  y 2  1

(14) sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 {x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 }, If  1  x ; y  1 and x 2  y 2  1 if or xy  0

and x 2  y 2  1 .

(15) sin 1 x  sin 1 y    sin 1 {x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 }, If 0  x  1,  1  y  0 and x 2  y 2  1 .

(16) sin 1 x  sin 1 y    sin 1 {x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 }, If  1  x  0, 0  y  1 and x 2  y 2  1 .

(17) cos 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 {xy  1  x 2 . 1  y 2 } , If  1  x , y  1 and x  y  0 .

(18) cos 1 x  cos 1 y  2  cos 1 {xy  1  x 2 1  y 2 } , If  1  x , y  1 and x  y  0

(19) cos 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 {xy  1  x 2 1  y 2 }, If  1  x , y  1, and x  y .

(20) cos 1 x  cos 1 y   cos 1 {xy  1  x 2 1  y 2 }, If  1  y  0, 0  x  1 and x  y .

Important Tips

 If tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z  , then xy  yz  zx  1 .
2

 If tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z   , then x  y  z  xyz .


 If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z  , then x 2  y 2  z 2  2 xyz  1 .
2

 If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z   , then x 1  x 2  y 1  y 2  z 1  z 2  2 xyz .

 If cos 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 z  3 , then xy  yz  zx  3 .

 134 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

 If cos 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 z   , then x 2  y 2  z 2  2 xyz  1 .

3
 If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z  , then xy  yz  zx  3 .
2

 If sin 1 x  sin 1 y   , then cos 1 x  cos 1 y     .

 If cos 1 x  cos 1 y   , then sin 1 x  sin 1 y     .


 If tan 1 x  tan 1 y  , then xy  1 .
2

 If cot 1 x  cot 1 y  , then xy  1 .
2

x y x 2 2 xy y2
 If cos 1  cos 1   , then 2  cos   2  sin 2  .
a b a ab b

 3  3 
Example: 15 The value of tan sin 1    cos 1   is [AMU 2001]
 5  13 
6 6 13 17
(a) (b) (c) (d)
17 13 5 6
 3  3   3 2
Solution: (d) tan sin 1    cos 1   = tan  tan 1  tan 1 
 5  13   4 3

 3 2 
  
 17 12  17
= tan  tan 1 4 3  = tan  tan 1   = .
 3 2  12 6  6
 1 . 
 4 3
1 1
Example: 16 tan 1  tan 1  [MP PET 1997, 2003; UPSEAT 2003; Karnataka CET
2 3
2001]
 
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 
4 2
1 1

Solution: (b) tan
1
1
 tan 1 1
 tan 1 2 3  tan 1 1   .
2 3 1 1 4
1 .
2 3
1 2
Example: 17 If sin 1  sin 1  sin 1 x , then x is equal to [Roorkee 1995]
3 3
5 4 2 5 4 2 
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
9 9 2
1 2 1 4 2 1  5 4 2
Solution: (c) sin 1  sin 1  sin 1  1  1    sin 1  
3 3  3 9 3 9   9 

5 4 2
Therefore, x  .
9
1
Example: 18 sin 1  cot 1 3 is equal to [MP PET
5
1993; Karnataka CET 1995]
   
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 135

 
 1 1 
1  5  1 1 1  2  3  1  1 
Solution: (b) sin 1  cot 1 3  cot 1  1
  cot 3 = cot (2)  cot (3)  cot  3  2   cot (1)  4 .
5 
1
  
 
 5 
3  12 
Example: 19 If sin 1  cos 1    sin 1 C, then C  [Pb. CET 1999]
5  13 
65 24 16 56
(a) (b) (c) (d)
56 65 65 65
3 12
Solution: (d) Given, sin 1 C  sin 1  cos 1
5 13

3 5 
3 25 5 9 
 1  56  56
 sin 1 C  sin 1  sin 1  sin 1  1  1   sin    C  .
5 13 
5 169 13 25 
  65  65

x 1 
Example: 20 If f (x )  cos 1 x  cos 1   3  3 x 2 , then
2 2 
2  2 2  1  1 1 
(a) f    (b) f    2 cos 1  (c) f    (d) f    2 cos 1 
3 3  
3 3 3 3 3  
3 3 3


1 3 

Soltuion: (a,d) f (x )  cos 1 x  cos 1  x  . 1 x2 

 2 2 

1 1
= cos 1 x  (cos 1  cos 1 x ) , according as cos 1  or  cos 1 x
2 2
1 1 2
= cos 1 if cos 1  cos 1 x , which holds for x 
2 2 3
1 1 1
= 2 cos 1 x  cos 1 if cos 1  cos 1 x , which holds for x  .
2 2 3
12 4 63
Example: 21 sin 1  cos 1  tan 1 
13 5 16
 3
(a) 0 (b) (c)  (d)
2 2
12 3 63 48  15 63 63 63
Solution: (c) tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 =   tan 1  tan 1 ( xy  1 ) =   tan 1  tan 1  .
5 4 16 20  36 16 16 16
4 1 4 1
Example: 22 If   sin 1  sin 1 and   cos 1  cos 1 , then
5 3 5 3
(a)    (b)    (c)    (d) None of these

4 1 1 16  
1 8 2 3   
1 8 2  3 
Solution: (a)   sin 1  1  1  = sin     sin  
 5 9 3 25   15 15   15 

8 2 3 
Since  1,  
15 2

 4  1 
   sin 1   sin 1   (   )      .
2 5 2 3 2

x y
Example: 23 If cos 1  cos 1   , then 9 x 2  12 xy cos   4 y 2 
2 3

(a) 36 sin 2  (b) 36 cos 2  (c) 36 tan 2  (d) None of these

 136 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

x y
Solution: (a) cos 1  cos 1  
2 3

x y  x 2   y 2 
 .   1  1   cos 
2 3  4   9 

 (xy  6 cos  ) 2  (4  x 2 )(9  y 2 )  9 x 2  12 xy cos   4 y 2  36 (1  cos 2  )  36 sin 2  .


Example: 24 The number of solutions of sin 1 x  sin 1 2 x  is
3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) Infinitie

3  3 3
Solution: (b) sin 1 2 x  sin 1  sin 1 x  sin 1  . 1  x2  x 1  
2  2 4 

3 x
 2x  1  x2 
2 2
2
 5x  3 3 1 3 1 3
   (1  x 2 ) or 28 x  3
2
 x  , (not  ).
 2  4 28 2 7 2 7

x y x 2 2 xy y2
Example: 25 If cos 1    cos 1     , then 2  cos   2  [UPSEAT 1999; MP
a b a ab b
PET 1995]

(a) sin 2  (b) cos 2  (c) tan 2  (d) cot 2 

    x2   y2 
x y x2   y2  xy
Solution: (a) We have cos 1  .  1  2  1  2        1  2   1  2   cos 
a b  a   b   ab
    a   b 

2
 xy  x 2 y 2 x 2y 2
   cos    1  2  2  2 2
 ab  a b ab

x 2y 2 2 xy x2 y2 x 2y 2 x2 2 xy y2
2 2
 cos 2   cos   1  2  2  2 2  2
 cos   2  1  cos 2   sin 2  .
a b ab a b a b a ab b

a(a  b  c) b(a  b  c)
Example: 26 If a, b, c be positive real numbers and the value of   tan 1  tan 1
bc ca
c(a  b  c)
 tan 1 , then tan  is
ab
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) a  b  c (d) None of these

a(a  b  c) b(a  b  c) c(a  b  c)

Solution: (a)   tan 1  tan 1  tan 1
bc ca ab
abc
Let s 2     tan 1 a2 s 2  tan 1 b 2 s 2  tan 1 c 2 s 2
abc

 as  bs  cs  abcs 3 
   tan 1 (as)  tan 1 (bs)  tan 1 (cs)    tan 1  
 1  abs  bcs  cas 
2 2 2

 (a  b  c)  abcs 2 
 tan   s  0 [ abcs 2  (a  b  c)]
 1  (ab  bc  ca)s 
2

Trick : Since it is an identity so it will be true for any value of a,b,c. Let a  b  c  1 then
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 137

  tan 1 3  tan 1 3  tan 1 3   , tan   0 .

3
Example: 27 All possible values of p and q for which cos 1 p  cos 1 1  p  cos 1 1  q  holds, is
4
1 1 1
(a) p  1, q  (b) q  1, p  (c) 0  p  1, q  (d) None of these
2 2 2

3  1 
Solution: (c) cos 1 p  cos 1 1  p   cos 1 1  q  cos 1 p  cos 1 1  p  cos 1    cos 1 1  q

4  2

 1 1  1
 p 1  p  1  p p   . 1q  . q  0  1q  q  q  .
 2 2  2

5.3 Inverse Trigonometric Ratios of Multiple Angles.

1 1 1
(1) 2 sin 1 x  sin 1 (2 x 1  x 2 ) , If  x (2) 2 sin 1 x    sin 1 (2 x 1  x 2 ), If  x 1
2 2 2
1 1 1
(3) 2 sin 1 x    sin 1 (2 x 1  x 2 ) , If  1  x  (4) 3 sin 1 x  sin 1 (3 x  4 x 3 ), If x
2 2 2
1
(5) 3 sin 1 x    sin 1 (3 x  4 x 3 ) , If  x 1 (6) 3 sin 1 x    sin 1 (3 x  4 x 3 ), If
2
1
1 x  
2
(7) 2 cos 1 x  cos 1 (2 x 2  1) , If 0  x  1 (8) 2 cos 1 x  2  cos 1 (2 x 2  1) , if  1  x  0
1
(9) 3 cos 1 x  cos 1 (4 x 3  3 x ) If  x 1 (10) 3 cos 1 x  2  cos 1 (4 x 3  3 x ) , If
2
1 1
 x
2 2
1  2x 
(11) 3 cos 1 x  2  cos 1 (4 x 3  3 x ) , If  1  x   (12) 2 tan 1 x  tan 1   , if  1  x  1
2 1  x 2 
 2x   2x 
(13) 2 tan 1 x    tan 1   , If x  1 (14) 2 tan 1 x    tan 1  , If
1  x  1  x 
2 2

x  1
 2x   2x 
(15) 2 tan 1 x  sin 1   , If  1  x  1 (16) 2 tan 1 x    sin 1   , If x  1
1  x  1  x 
2 2

 2x  1  x 2 
(17) 2 tan 1 x    sin 1   , If x  1 (18) 2 tan 1 x  cos 1   , If 0  x  

1  x  1  x
2 2

1  x 2 
(19) 2 tan 1 x   cos 1   , If    x  0
 (20)
1  x
2

 3x  x 3  1 1
3 tan 1 x  tan 1   , If
 x
 1  3x
2
 3 3
 138 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

 3x  x 3  1
(21) 3 tan 1 x    tan 1   , If x 
 (22)
 1  3x
2
 3
 3x  x 3  1
3 tan 1 x    tan 1   , If x  

 1  3x
2
 3
 x  1 x
(23) tan 1    sin (24)
 a  x 2
2
 a
 3a2 x  x 3  x
tan 1  2 2 
 3 tan 1
 a(a  3 x )  a

 1  x2  1  x2   1
(25) tan 1     cos 1 x 2 (26)
 1  x 2  1  x 2  4 2
1x 1
tan 1  cos 1 x
1 x 2

Example: 28 2 tan 1 (cos x )  tan 1 (cosec 2 x ), then x = [UPSEAT 2002]

  
(a) (b)  (c) (d)
2 6 3

Solution: (d) 2 tan 1 (cos x )  tan 1 (cos ec 2 x )


 tan 1  2 cos 2x   tan 1  1 

2 cos x

1
 2 cos x  1  x  .
 1  cos x   sin x 
2
sin 2 x sin 2 x 3

Example: 29 The solution set of the equation sin 1 x  2 tan 1 x is [AMU 2002]

1
(a) {1, 2} (b) {1, 2} (c) {1, 1, 0} (d) {1, , 0}
2
2x 2x
Soltuion: (c) sin 1 x  2 tan 1 x  sin 1 x  sin 1   x  x 3  x  0  x(x  1)(x  1)  0  x  {1, 1, 0} .
1 x2 1 x2

 1  x2   
   cos 1  1  x 
2
Exmaple: 30 sin tan 1   1  x2  is equal to [Kurukshetra CEE 2001]

  2x   

1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
2

    
Solution: (b) sin   2 tan 1 x   2 tan 1 x  = sin = 1.
 2   2

1 1  b
2
2a 2x
Example: 31 If sin 1  cos  tan 1 , then x  [EAMCET 1989]
1a 2
1b 2
1  x2
ab ab
(a) a (b) b (c) (d)
1  ab 1  ab
Solution: (d) Put a  tan  , b  tan  and x  tan  , then reduced form is
sin 1 (sin 2 )  cos 1 (cos 2 )  tan 1 (tan 2 )  2  2  2      
tan   tan 
Taking tan on both sides, we get tan(   ) = tan    tan 
1  tan  . tan 
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 139

ab
Substituting these values, we get x
1  ab
 1  
Example: 32 tan  2 tan 1      [IIT 1984]
 5 4
17 17 7 7
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 
7 7 17 17
 2   5 
   1 5   1 
1  1  1  5    7 .
Solution: (d) tan  2 tan      tan  tan  tan (1) = tan  tan 1  tan 1 (1)  tan . tan 1  12
  5  4   1   12   5  17
1 1  
 25   12 
1 1 1
Example: 33 4 tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  [Roorkee 1981]
5 70 99
  
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 3 4
 2 
1 1 1 1 1 1
  1 1 1
Solution: (c) 4 tan 1
 tan  tan = 2 tan  5   tan  tan 1
5 70 99 1  1  70 99
 25 

 5 
1 
5  1 1 1 1 1
  1 1 1
= 2 tan    tan  tan = tan  6   tan  tan 1
 12  70 99  1  25  70 99
 144 

 1 1 
1  120
 1 1 1 1 1 120
 99  70  1 120  29 
= tan    tan  tan = tan 1
 tan   = tan  tan 1   
 119  70 99 119 1  1 . 1  119  6931 
 99 70 
 120 1 
1 120 1 29 1 120 1 1 1
 119  239  1 
= tan  tan  tan  tan = tan    tan (1)  .
119 6931 119 239  1  120  1  4
 119 239 
  1 
Example: 34 The value of sin  2 tan 1     cos (tan 1 2 2 )  [AMU 1999]
  3 
16 14 12 11
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15 15 15 15
 2 
 1  1  1
 1 3  1
Solution: (b) sin 2 tan    cos [tan (2 2 )] = sin  tan   cos [tan (2 2 )]
  
3  1
1 
 9 
 3  3  1  3 1 14
 sin  tan 1   cos[tan 1 2 2 ] = sin sin 1   cos cos 1     .
 4   5   3  5 3 15
 1 a  1 a
Example: 35 tan   cos 1   tan   cos 1  equal to [MP PET 1999]
 4 2 b   4 2 b 
2a 2b a b
(a) (b) (c) (d)
b a b a
a a
Solution: (b) Let cos 1    cos  
b b
 1 a  1 a 1  t 1  t  (1  t 2 ) 2 2b
tan   cos 1   tan   cos 1  =  , where t  tan 2   .
4 2 b 4 2 b 1  t 1  t 2 1  t2 cos  a
 140 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

1 1
Example: 36 4 tan 1  tan 1 is equal to
5 239
  
(a)  (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4
2x
Solution: (d) Since, 2 tan 1 x  tan 1
1 x2
2 20
1 1  1 1  1 5 1 10 120
 4 tan  2 2 tan   2 tan  2 tan  tan 1 24  tan 1
5  5  1
1 24 1
100 119
25 576
120 1

1 1 1 120 1 239  tan 1 (120  239 )  119 
So, 4 tan  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 119  tan 1 1  .
5 239 119 239
1
120
.
1 (119  239 )  120 4
119 239
1 x2
Example: 37 The formula cos 1  2 tan 1 x holds only for
1 x2
(a) x  R (b) | x |  1 (c) x  (1, 1] (d) x  [1,  )
  
Solution: (d) If x  1, LHS = , RHS = 2     . So, the fomula does not hold.
2  2
If x  1, the angle on the LHS is in the second quadrant while the angle on the RHS is 2  (angle in
the fourth quadrant), which cannot be equal.
If x  1, the angle on the LHS is in the second quadrant while the angle on the RHS is 2  (angle in the
first quadrant) and these two may be equal.
If 1  x  0 , the angle on the LHS is positive and that on the RHS is negative and the two cannot be
equal.
2x
Example: 38 2 tan 1 x  sin 1 is independent of x , then
1 x2
(a) x  [1,  ) (b) x [1, 1] (c) x  (,  1 ] (d) None of these
2x 2 tan 
Solution: (a) Let x  tan  . Then sin 1  sin 1  sin 1 (sin 2 )
1 x 2
1  tan 2 
2x
 2 tan 1 x  sin 1  2  sin 1 (sin 2 )
1 x 2

  2x
If   2  , 2 tan 1 x  sin 1
= 2  2  4 tan 1 x  independent of x.
2 2 1  x2
  2x
If     2  , 2 tan 1 x  sin 1 = 2  sin 1 [sin(  2 )]  2    2 =  = independent of x.
2 2 1  x2
   3
    ,  but    ,  and from the principal value of tan 1 x .
 4 4 4 4 
     
  ,  . Hence,    , 
 2 2 4 2
 
    ,   tan 1 x  sin 1 2x
 .
4 2 1 x2
 2x   
Also at   , 2 tan 1 x  sin 1  2.  sin 1 1    .
4 1 x2 4 2 2
  
 The given function =  = constant if    ,  . i.e., x  [1,  ) .
4 2 
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 141

y 3
Example: 39 The number of positive integral solutions of the equation tan 1 x  cos 1  sin 1 or
1y 2 10

tan 1 x  cot 1 y  tan 1 3 is

(a) One (b) Two (c) Zero (d) None of these
1 1 1 3x 1  3x
Solution: (b) tan 1 x  tan 1  tan 1 3 or tan 1 = tan 1 3  tan 1 x or tan 1  tan 1  y
y y y 1  3x 3x
As x , y are positive integers, x  1 , 2 and corresponding y  2, 7
 Solutions are (x, y)  (1, 2), (2, 7) .
1  1 1
Example: 40 ,  and  are three angles given by   2 tan 1 ( 2  1),   3 sin 1  sin 1    and   cos 1   . Then
2  2 3
(a)    (b)    (c)    (d) None of these
   1
Solution: (b,c)   2 tan 1 ( 2  1)  2 tan 1 tan 2   cos 1
8 8 4 2
  7
  3.  
4 6 12
1 1 1 1 
    . Also,   cos 1  cos 1 
3 2 3 2 4
So,   
1
Again cos 1   belongs to the first quadrant and  is in the second quadrant.
3
   .

a3 1 a  b3 1 b
Example: 41 co sec 2  tan 1   sec 2  tan 1  is equal to
2 2 b 2 2 a
(a) (a  b)(a 2  b 2 ) (b) (a  b) (a 2  b 2 ) (c) (a  b)(a 2  b 2 ) (d) None of these
a b
Soltuion: (c) Let tan 1   , tan 1     tan   a , tan   b
b a b a
a 3
1 a b 1 3
b
cosec 2  tan 1   sec 2  tan 1 
2 2 b 2 2 a
a3 b3 a3 b3 a3 b3
= + =   
    1  cos  1  cos 
1
b
1
a
2 sin 2   2 cos 2  
2 2 a b
2 2
a  b2
2

 a 3 [ a 2  b 2  b] b 3 [ a 2  b 2  a] 
= a2  b 2    (rationalized)
 (a 2  b 2 )  b 2 (a 2  b 2 )  a 2 
 

 a 2  b 2 [a{ a 2  b 2  b}  b{ a 2  b 2  a}] = a 2  b 2 [ a 2  b 2 (a  b)]  (a 2  b 2 )(a  b) .

142 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

141
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 143

Properties of Inverse Trigonometrical Function

Basic Level

1. The domain of sin 1 x is [Roorkee Screening 1993]

(a) ( ,  ) (b) [– 1, 1] (c) (0, 2 ) (d) (, )

2. The range of tan 1 x is [DCE 2002]

    
(a)   ,  (b)   ,  (c) ( ,  ) (d) (0,  )
 2  2 2

3. sin 1 x  cos 1 x is equal to [Pb. CET 1997; DCE 2002]

 
(a) (b) (c) – 1 (d) 1
4 2

 1 1
4. sin sin 1  cos 1   [EAMCET 1985]
 2 2

(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) 1

 5   5 
5. The value of cos 1  cos   sin 1  cos  is [UPSEAT 2003]
 3   3 

 5 10 
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
2 3 3

  1 1   1 
6. cos cos 1    sin    [EAMCET 2003]
  7   7 

1 1 4
(a)  (b) 0 (c) (d)
3 3 9

7. The value of tan 1 x  2 cot 1 x is

  2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
3 6 3
2
8. If tan 1 x  2 cot 1 x  , then x  [Karnataka CET 1999]
3

3 1
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d)
3 1

9. If 4 sin 1 x  cos 1 x   , then x is equal to [UPSEAT 2001]

1 3 1
(a) 0 (b) (c)  (d)
2 2 2

 1 1
10. cos  2 cos 1  sin 1   [IIT 1981]
 5 5

2 6 2 6 1 1
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 
5 5 5 5
 144 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

 33  
11. The value of sin 1  cos  is
 5 

3 7  
(a) (b) (c) (d) 
5 5 10 10

1
12. If sec 1    2 sin 1 (1)   , then x equals [AMU 1988]
x

1 
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) None of these
2 2

 3
13. The value of sin 1    sin 1  1  is [MP PET 2003]
 2  2
 

(a) 45 o (b) 90 o (c) 15 o (d) 30 o

14. The value of cos(tan 1 (tan 2)) is

1 1
(a) (b)  (c) cos 2 (d)  cos 2
5 5

 3 
15. The value of x which satisfies the equation tan 1 x  sin 1   is

 10 
1 1
(a) 3 (b) – 3 (c) (d) 
3 3
1 1
16. If sec 1 x  cosec –1 y, then cos 1  cos 1  [Orissa JEE 2002]
x y
  
(a)  (b) (c)  (d)
4 2 2

1
17. If cos 1     , then tan   [MNR 1978; MP PET 1989]
x

1
(a) (b) x2 1 (c) 1  x2 (d) x2  1
x 12


18. If sin 1 x  for some x  (1,1), then the value of cos 1 x is [DCE 1997;
5
Karnataka CET 1996; IIT 1992]

3 5 7 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 10 10 10

19. sec (cosec 1 x ) is equal to [Kurukshetra CEE

2001]

(a) cosec (sec 1 x ) (b) cot x (c)  (d) None of these

20. tan (cos 1 x ) is equal to [IIT 1993]

1 x2 x 1 x2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 x2
x 1 x 2
x

21. sin(cot 1 x )  [MNR 1987; MP PET 2001; DCE

2002]
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 145
1

(a) 1  x2 (b) x (c) (1  x 2 )3 / 2 (d) (1  x 2 ) 2

22. cos(tan 1 x )  [MP PET 1988; MNR

1981]

1
(a) 1 x2 (b) (c) 1  x 2 (d) None of these
1 x 2

  7 
23. cot cos 1    [Karnataka CET 1994]
  25 

25 25 24
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
24 7 25

24. The value of sin cot 1 tan cos 1 x is equal to [Bihar CEE 1974]


(a) x (b) (c) 1 (d) None of these
2
2
  1 3 
25. sin tan   [EAMCET 1983]
  4 

3 5 9 25
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 3 25 9

26. sec 2 (tan 1 2)  cosec 2 (cot 1 3)  [EAMCET 2001]

(a) 5 (b) 13 (c) 15 (d) 6

Advance Level

27. If cos 1 x  sin1 x , then

1 1
(a) x  0 (b) 1  x  0 (c) 0  x  (d)  1  x 
2 2

28. If (cos 1 x )2  (sin 1 x )2  0, then

1 1 1
(a) x  (b)  1  x  2 (c) 0  x  (d)  1  x 
2 2 2

29. The greatest and the least values of (sin1 x )3  (cos 1 x )3 are

   3  3  3 7 3
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) None of these
2 2 8 8 32 8

30. If x satisfies the equation t 2  t  2  0, then there exists a value for

(a) sin 1 x (b) cos 1 x (c) sec 1 x (d) None of these

31. If f (x )  sec 1 x  tan 1 x , then f (x ) is real for

(a) x  [1, 1] (b) x  R (c) x  (, 1]  [1,  ) (d) None of these

 146 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
2n 2n
32. If 
r 1
sin 1 x r  n  , then x
r 1
r 

n(n  1)
(a) n (b) 2n (c) (d) None of these
2
2
33. is the principal value of
5
7 7 7
(a) cos 1 (cos ) (b) sin 1 (sin ) (c) sec 1 (sec ) (d) None of these
5 5 5

34. The number of real solutions of (x , y ) ; where | y |  sin x , y  cos 1 (cos x ),  2  x  2 is

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

1
35. The set of values of k for which x  kx  sin (sin 4 )  0 for all real x is
2

(a)  (b) (2, 2) (c) R (d) None of these


1 x2 
 1 x
36. cos 1  x 2  1  x 2 . 1    cos  cos 1 x holds for


2 4 

2

(a) | x |  1 (b) x  R (c) 0  x  1 (d) 1  x  0

Sum and Difference of Inverse Trigonometrical

Function
Basic Level

37. If cos 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 z  3 , then xy  yz  zx  [Karnataka CET

2003]

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) – 3

 1 1
38. The value of tan  tan 1  tan 1  is [AMU 2001]
 2 3

5 7 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 6 6 7

 1   2 
39. tan 1    tan 1    [DCE 1999]
 
11  12 

 33  1  132 
(a) tan 1   (b) tan 1   (c) tan 1   (d) None of these
 132  2  33 

40. If sin 1 a  sin 1 b  sin 1 c   , then the value of a (1  a 2 )  b (1  b 2 )  c (1  c 2 ) will be [UPSEAT 1999]

1 1
(a) 2 abc (b) abc (c) abc (d) abc
2 3

41. If tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 A, then A  [MP PET 1988]

x y xy
(a) x  y (b) x  y (c) (d)
1  xy 1  xy

42. If tan 1 2 x  tan 1 3 x  then x = [Roorkee 1978, 1980; MNR 1986; Karnataka CET
4
2002]
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 147

1 1
(a) –1 (b) (c)  1, (d) None of these
6 6

3 4
43. If cos 1  sin 1  cos 1 x , then x  [AMU 1978]
5 5
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 2
1 1 1
44. If cot   cot   cot x , then x  [MP PET 1992]

1     1
(a)    (b)    (c) (d)
 

3 3 8
45. tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  [AMU 1976, 1977]
4 5 19
  
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
4 3 6

 1 1
46. cos  tan 1  tan 1   [MP PET 1991; MNR 1990]
 3 2

1 3 1 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 4

x x y
47. tan 1  tan 1  (where x  y  0 ) [EAMCET 1992]
y x y
  3
(a)  (b) (c) (d) None of these
4 4 4

 4 2
48. tan cos 1  tan 1  = [IIT 1983; EAMCET 1988; MP PET 1990; MNR
 5 3
1992]

6 17 7 16
(a) (b) (c) (d)
17 6 16 7

1 2
49. tan 1    tan 1   = [EAMCET 1994]
 
4 9

1 3 1 3 1

(a) cos 1   (b) sin 1   (c) tan 1   (d) Both (a) and (c)
2 5 2 5 2

1
50. sin 1  cot 1 3 is equal to
5
[Karnataka CET 1995; MP PET 1993]

   
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2

 1 
51. If sin sin 1  cos 1 x   1 , then x = [UPSEAT 1994]
 5 

4 1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d)
5 5

52. A solution of the equation tan 1 (1  x )  tan 1 (1  x )  is [Karnataka CET 1993]
2
(a) x = 1 (b) x = –1 (c) x = 0 (d) x  
 148 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

x 1 2x  1 23
53. If tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 , then x = [ISM Dhanbad 1973]
x 1 2x  1 36
3 3 3 3 4 3
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) None of these
4 8 4 8 3 8

x 5 
54. If sin 1  co sec 1    , then x  [EAMCET 1983]
5 4 2

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d 3

3 1
55. sin 1    tan 1    [Karnataka CET 1994]
 
5 7 

  4
(a) (b) (c) cos 1   (d) 
4 2 5

56. If tan 1 2, tan 1 3 are two angles of a triangle, then the third angle is

 3 
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
4 4 4

57. If cos 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 z   then

(a) x 2  y 2  z 2  xyz  0 (b) x 2  y 2  z 2  2 xyz =0 (c) x 2  y 2  z 2  xyz  1 (d) x 2  y 2  z 2  2 xyz  1


58. If tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z  , then [Karnataka CET 1996]
2

(a) x  y  z  xyz  0 (b) x  y  z  xyz  0 (c) xy  yz  zx  1  0 (d) xy  yz  zx  1  0

1 1 1
59. If tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z   , then   = [MP PET 1991]
xy yz zx

1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) xyz
xyz

Advance Level

60. If we consider only the principal values of the inverse trigonometric functions, then the value of
 
tan  cos 1  is
1 4
 sin 1
 (17 ) 
 5 2

[IIT 1994]

29 29 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 29 29

61. The sum of first 10 terms of the series cot 1 3  cot 1 7  cot 1 13  cot 1 21  ....... is [Karnataka CET 1996]

5 6  1 
(a) tan 1   (b) tan 1 (100 ) (c) tan 1   (d) tan 1  
6 5  100 

 3  3  3
62. Sum of infinite terms of the series cot 1 1 2    cot 1  2 2    cot 1 3 2    …….is
 4  4  4


(a) (b) tan 1 2 (c) tan 1 3 (d) None of these
4
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 149

1 1 1  1 
63. tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  .........  tan 1  2   ....... to  is equal [Karnataka CET 2000]
3 7 18  n  n 1 

  2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
2 4 3

64. If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin1 z   , then x 4  y 4  z 4  4 x 2 y 2 z 2  K(x 2 y 2  y 2 z 2  z 2 x 2 ), where K =

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None of these

 2 1     
65. The sum of the infinite series sin 1
1
 sin 1    sin 1  3  2   .......... ....  sin 1  n  n  1  is
     
2  6   12   n(n  1) 

  
(a) (b) (c) (d) 
4 3 2

66. If sum of the infinite series cot 1 (2.12 )  cot 1 (2.2 2 )  cot 1 (2.2 3 )  cot(2.2 4 )  ..... is equal to

   
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 4 3 2

3 9
67. If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z  , then the value of x 100  y 100  z 100  101 is equal to
2 x  y 101  z 101

(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) – 3 (d) 9

68. If x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 are roots of the equation x  x sin 2   x cos 2   x cos   sin   0,

4 3 2

then tan 1 x 1  tan 1 x 2  tan 1 x 3  tan 1 x 4 


(a)  (b)  (c)    (d)  
2

69. If a1, a2 , a3 , ........, an is an A.P. with common difference d, then

  d   d   d 
tan tan 1    tan 1 
 1  a a
  ..........  tan 1 
  1  a a  

  1  a1 2 
a  2 3   n 1 n 

(n  1) d (n  1) d nd an  a1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a1  an 1  a1an 1  a1 an an  a1

Inverse Trigonometric Ratios of Multiple Angles

Basic Level

70. 3 tan 1 a is equal to [MP PET 1993]

3a  a3 3a  a3 3a  a3 3a  a3
(a) tan 1 (b) tan 1 (c) tan 1 (d) tan 1
1  3a2 1  3a2 1  3a2 1  3a2

71. If A  tan 1 x , then sin 2 A  [MNR 1988; UPSEAT

2000]

2x 2x 2x
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
1x 2 1  x2 1  x2
 150 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions

72. sin(2 sin 1 0.8)  [MNR 1980]

(a) 0.96 (b) 0.48 (c) 0.64 (d) None of these

1
73. If cos( 2 sin 1 x )  , then x  [Roorkee 1975]
9

2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) Only (b) Only  (c) , (d) Neither nor 
3 3 3 3 3 3

 15  1
74. cos 1    2 tan 1    [EAMCET 1981]
 
17 5

  171  
(a) (b) cos 1   (c) (d) None of these
2  221  4

1 1
75. 2 tan 1    tan 1    [EAMCET 1983]
 
3 7 

 49   
(a) tan 1   (b) (c) 0 (d)
 29  2 4

4 1
76. sin 1  2 tan 1  [Dhanbad Engg. 1971]
5 3

  
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 3 4

2a 2b
77. If sin 1  sin 1  2 tan 1 x , then x = [MNR 1984]
1a 2
1  b2

ab b b ab
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  ab 1  ab 1  ab 1  ab

 1  1 1
78. If 3 tan 1    tan 1  tan 1 , then x equals
 [Pb. CET 2001; AMU 1992]
2 3  x 3

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 3

 1  sin x  1  sin x 
79. cot 1   = [UPSEAT 1986]
 1  sin x  1  sin x 

 x
(a)   x (b) 2  x (c) (d)  
2 2

1 4
80. sin cos 1   [Karnataka CET 2003]
 2 5

1 1 1 1
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 
10 10 10 10

Advance Level

 ab 
81. 2 tan 1  tan   [ISM Dhanbad 1976]
 a  b 2 
 Inverse Trigonometrical Functions 151

 a cos   b   a  b cos    a cos    b cos  

(a) cos 1   (b) cos 1   (c) cos 1   (d) cos 1  
 a  b cos    a cos   b   a  b cos    a cos   b 

82. If cot 1[(cos  )1 / 2 ]  tan 1[(cos  )1 / 2 ]  x . Then sin x  [AIEEE 2002]

     
(a) tan 2   (b) cot 2   (c) tan  (d) cot  
2 2 2

  x  
1   x   k 
83. The value of sin 1  sin    cos cos  ,  where  x  2k , k  0  is
 3  x  k 2  kx
2   6 x  k  kx 
2 2  2 

 2 x 2  xk  k 2   x 2  2 xk  k 2   x 2  2 xk  2k 2 
(a) tan 1  2 
2 
(b) tan 1  2 
2 
(c) tan 1  2 
2 
(d) None of these
 x  2 xk  k   x  2 xk  k   2 x  2 xk  2k 

84. Solution of equation sin[2 cos 1 {cot(2 tan 1 x )}]  0 is [UPSEAT 1998; Roorkee
1992]

(a) x  1 only (b) x  1  2 only (c) x  (1  2 ) only (d) All of these

1 3
85. The greater of the two angles A  2 tan 1 (2 2  1) and B  3 sin 1    sin 1   is [IIT 1992]
3 5

(a) B (b) A (c) C (d) None of these

1  5 
86. tan  cos 1    [Roorkee 1986]
 2  3 
 

3 5 3 5 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 5 3 5

***
150

Inverse Trigonometrical Functions Assignment (Basic & Advance Level)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

b b b d a b c c b b d b d c a d d a a a

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

d b d a c c d d c c c b b c a c c d d a

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

c b b d a a b b d b d c d d a b d d b d

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

a b b b c b a b b d c a c d d a d b d a

81 82 83 84 85 86

a a c d b d