EXAM QUESTIONS

AQA TRILOGY

USING RESOURCES

Q1-6 FOUNDATON

Q3-9 HIGHER

MARK SCHEME AT THE END OF

ALL THE QUESTIONS

Page 1 of 31
Q1.
Water is important to all living organisms.

In some parts of Africa getting potable water may be difficult.

(a)  What is potable water?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Biosand units are one method of purifying water used in some parts of Africa.

The diagram below shows a Biosand unit.

(b)  Describe the role of the fine sand.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Another method of purifying water is Solar Disinfection (SODIS).

The table below gives some information about both methods.

Percentage
reduction in
Method Description
pathogens that
cause diarrhoea

Biosand unit Before use, it needs to be left 47

for 2 weeks for the bacteria in
the unit to grow.
Can treat 40 litres of water
per hour.
Made of concrete.

Page 2 of 31
 Needs replacing every 10
years.

Plastic bottles are filled with

water and left in sunlight.
Ultraviolet (UV) kills bacteria.
SODIS Bottles need to be left in 31
sunlight for at least 8 hours.
Bottles have to be replaced
every 6 months.

(c)  A 1 litre bottle for SODIS costs 29p. Each litre bottle needs replacing after 6 months.

A family uses 6 litres of potable water per day.

Calculate the cost per year of using SODIS for the family.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Cost per year = £__________________

(2)

(d)  Other than cost, give two disadvantages of using the Biosand unit instead of
SODIS.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(e)  Give two advantages of using the Biosand unit instead of SODIS.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(f)  SODIS uses UV light to sterilise water.

Give one other method of sterilising water.

___________________________________________________________________

Page 3 of 31
 ___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 9 marks)

Q2.
Used disposable nappies are sent to landfill.

(a) 1 600 000 babies in the UK use disposable nappies.

Each baby uses 5 nappies in 1 day.

Calculate the total number of disposable nappies used in 1 day.

Give your answer in standard form.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Total number of nappies = ____________________

(2)

Disposable nappies contain a hydrogel.

A hydrogel is a substance that absorbs water.

A nappy manufacturer investigated the mass of water absorbed by different masses of a

hydrogel.

Table 1 shows the results.

Table 1

Mass of water absorbed in g Mean mass

Mass of
of water
hydrogel in
Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 absorbed
g
in g

0.5 148 151 151 X

1.0 292 295 304 297

1.5 452 456 500 454

2.0 599 610 606 605

2.5 742 753 755 750

(b) One of the results for 1.5 g of hydrogel is anomalous.

Which experiment has an anomalous result?

Tick one box.

Experiment 1

Page 4 of 31
 Experiment 2

Experiment 3

(1)

(c) Calculate value X in Table 1.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

X = ____________________ g
(2)

Some of the results are shown on the graph.

(d) Determine the mass of water absorbed by 1.8 g of hydrogel.

Use the graph.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Mass of water absorbed = ____________________ g

(1)

(e) Which of the following is a valid conclusion from the graph.

Tick one box.

mean mass of water absorbed in grams ∝ mass of hydrogel in grams

mean mass of water absorbed in grams = mass of hydrogel in grams

mean mass of water absorbed in grams « mass of hydrogel in grams

Page 5 of 31
 mean mass of water absorbed in grams ∼ mass of hydrogel in grams

(1)

(f) Fabric nappies are an alternative to disposable nappies.

Table 2 shows information from a life cycle assessment of fabric nappies and
disposable nappies.

Table 2

Disposable
Fabric nappy
nappy

Yes - can be
Reusable reused many No
times

Biodegradable Yes No

Carbon dioxide
produced per 564 519
nappy in g

Water used to
make each 1.34 0.15
nappy in m3

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using fabric nappies instead of

disposable nappies.

Use data from Table 2.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

Q3.
Hydrocarbons are used to make useful products.

(a) What are the elements in hydrocarbons?

Page 6 of 31
 Tick one box.

Carbon and hydrogen only

Carbon, hydrogen and

oxygen

Carbon and nitrogen only

Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen

(1)

(b) Table 1 gives some information about four hydrocarbons.

Table 1

Melting point in Boiling point in

Hydrocarbon
°C °C

Methane –183 –162

Ethene –169 –104

Octane –57 +126

Decane –30 +174

What are two correct statements about the four compounds?

Tick two boxes.

Methane has the lowest boiling point and decane

has the highest melting point

Methane and decane are both gases at 20 °C

Ethene and octane are both alkanes

Decane and ethene are both liquids at 0 °C

Octane is liquid over a larger temperature range

than methane
(2)

(c) Ethene can be produced from long-chain hydrocarbons by cracking.

Give the conditions needed for cracking.

Page 7 of 31
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) Poly(ethene) is a polymer made from ethene. Poly(ethene) is used to make plastic
bags.

Table 2 is from a life cycle assessment comparing paper bags and plastic bags.

Table 2

Paper bag Plastic bag

Raw material Wood Oil or gas

(renewable) (non-renewable)

Energy used to make in MJ 1.7 1.5

Solid waste produced in g 50 14

Carbon dioxide produced in kg 0.23 0.53

Evaluate which type of bag is more environmentally friendly.

Use data from Table 2 and your own knowledge to support your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(6)
(Total 11 marks)

Q4.
This question is about copper and its compounds.

Page 8 of 31
(a) The table shows information about bioleaching and phytomining.

Bioleaching and phytomining are used to extract copper from low grade ores.

Bioleaching Phytomining

Metal
Contaminated
extracted Waste from quarrying
ground
from

Slow, made
Speed of more efficient
Very slow
process using quick-
growing plants

Produces a solution of
toxic chemicals which Involves
may run off into rivers combustion of
Pollution plants but
Takes a long time to decontaminates
stop the process if river polluted ground
pollution occurs

Compare phytomining and bioleaching.

Use the information in the table.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(b) Describe how copper sulfate solution is obtained from the plants used in
phytomining.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Copper is displaced from a solution of copper sulfate using iron.

Page 9 of 31
 Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) How does this displacement reaction take place?

Tick one box.

Electron sharing

Electron transfer

Proton transfer

(1)

(e) Describe how copper conducts electricity.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(f) Suggest how anhydrous copper sulfate is used to test for water.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 13 marks)

Q5.
Supermarket carrier bags can be made from poly(ethene).

(a)  Poly(ethene) is produced from ethene.

The structure of ethene is:

Page 10 of 31
 Complete the structure of poly(ethene).

(2)

There are two types of poly(ethene): HD poly(ethene) and LD poly(ethene).

(b)  Figure 1 shows the polymer chains in HD poly(ethene) and LD poly(ethene).

Figure 1

Describe the differences in the structure and arrangement of the polymer chains in
the two types of poly(ethene).

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 11 of 31
 (2)

A student investigated how poly(ethene) extends when a force is applied.

(c)  Describe a method to investigate how the extension of poly(ethene) changes with
the force applied.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

Figure 2 shows the results for HD poly(ethene) and LD poly(ethene).

Figure 2

(d)  Give two comparisons between the results for HD poly(ethene) and for LD
poly(ethene).

Use Figure 2.

1. _________________________________________________________________

Page 12 of 31
 ___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(e)  Carrier bags in supermarkets used to be provided free. Supermarkets now make
customers pay for carrier bags.

When they were free, 8.0 billion new carrier bags were used each year.

After supermarkets started making customers pay for carrier bags, the use of new
bags dropped by 85%.

Calculate how many carrier bags are now used each year.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Number of bags = ____________________

(2)

(f)  There are two types of carrier bag in common use:

•   disposable bags

•   bags for life.

Bags for life can be returned to the supermarket when no longer usable.

The supermarket replaces the bag for life free of charge and arranges for the bag to
be recycled.

The table below shows data from a life cycle assessment (LCA) for the two types of
carrier bag.

Disposable bag Bag for life

Type of polymer HD poly(ethene) LD poly(ethene)

Raw material from

Crude oil Crude oil
which polymer is made

Mass of waste material

per bag from 0.42 0.17
production in grams

Mass of carbon dioxide

emitted per bag during
1.6 6.9
production and
transport in grams

Mean number of times

1 6
used

Page 13 of 31
 Landfill Landfill
Possible disposal
Incineration Incineration
methods
Recycling Recycling

Evaluate the use of each type of carrier bag.

Use data from the table above and your own knowledge.

___________________________________________________________________

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(6)
(Total 18 marks)

Q6.
Water in Britain is taken from reservoirs to use as drinking water.

Page 14 of 31
 © KatieJonesPhotography/iStock/Thinkstock

(a) What are the two main steps used to treat water from reservoirs?

Give one reason for each step.

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(b) Some people use water filters to treat water before drinking it.

(i) Water filters remove hardness from hard water.

What is in water filters that removes hardness from water?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Suggest why water filters used in the home contain particles of silver.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Pure water can be produced by distillation.

Page 15 of 31
 Why is distillation not usually an economic method of treating water for drinking?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Drinking hard water has health benefits.

State one health benefit of drinking hard water.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q7.
A burger van has a sign on the side.

The company that owns the van makes biodiesel from cooking oil.

A scientist investigated the emissions from biodiesel and petroleum diesel.

The scientist burned the same mass of each fuel in a diesel engine.

The scientist compared the emissions produced.

The results are shown in the table.

Biodiesel Petroleum diesel

Carbon dioxide emitted in g 3000 3000

Unburnt hydrocarbons emitted in g 7 10

Soot emitted in g 6 12

Nitrogen oxides emitted in g 5 2

Use your scientific knowledge and the data in the table to evaluate the advantages and

Page 16 of 31
 disadvantages of using biodiesel rather than petroleum diesel as a fuel.

Remember to include a supported conclusion in your answer.

_______________________________________________________________________

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(Total 5 marks)

Q8.
The Mary Rose was a wooden warship. The Mary Rose sank in 1545 but was lifted from
the sea bed in 1982. Scientists are now preserving the ship.

The image shows the Mary Rose being supported on poles. As part of the preservation
process, the ship was sprayed with water for a long time.

By Mary Rose Trust (MR Trust) [CC BY-SA 3.0] via Wikimedia Commons

(a) (i) The table below gives information about two materials. These materials could
have been used to make the poles to support the Mary Rose.

Page 17 of 31
 Relative
Material Density in g / cm3 Cost in £ per kg
strength

Steel 7.85 1 4

Titanium 4.51 3.9 4000

Give two advantages and one disadvantage of using titanium rather than
steel.

Use only the information from the table above to answer this question.

Advantage 1 ___________________________________________________

Advantage 2 ___________________________________________________

Disadvantage __________________________________________________
(3)

(ii) The preserving process used titanium poles.

Tick (✔) one other property of titanium which made titanium a suitable choice
for the poles.

Property Tick (✔)

Electrical insulator

High resistance to corrosion

Shiny
(1)

(b) Some metal objects found on the Mary Rose were made of gold or iron.

Draw one line from each metal to its usual method of extraction.

Method of
Metal
extraction

Electrolysis of
molten compound

Gold

Mined as the pure

metal from the
ground

Iron

Reduction of metal
oxide with carbon
(2)

(c) Another metal found on the Mary Rose has the chemical symbol Ag.

Page 18 of 31
 Name the metal with the chemical symbol Ag.

Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you answer this question.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) The Mary Rose had bronze cannons.

Bronze is an alloy made from two metals, copper and tin.

(i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

compound mixture polymer

An alloy is a ____________________________ of metals.

(1)

(ii) 88% of a bronze alloy is copper. What percentage of the alloy is tin?

______________________________________________________________

Percentage of tin = ________ %

(1)

(iii) Phytomining is used to extract copper from the ground.

What are used in phytomining?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

bacteria fossils plants

(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Q9.
Iron is a metal that has many uses.

(a) Iron is extracted from iron ore. Part of the process involves reduction of the ore with
carbon monoxide.

Iron ore contains iron oxide (Fe2O3).

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of iron oxide with carbon monoxide.

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(b) Explain why this reaction is a redox reaction.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 19 of 31
 ___________________________________________________________________
(2)

Steel is an alloy of iron. Steel is used to make cars.

After its useful life a car is taken to a scrapyard for recycling.

(c) Suggest four benefits of recycling a car body.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(d) Figure 1 shows an electromagnet being used to lift a car in a scrapyard.

Figure 1

An electromagnet is made up of a solenoid.

Figure 2 shows a solenoid.

Figure 2

Page 20 of 31
 Draw the magnetic field of the solenoid on Figure 2.
(2)

(e) In a scrapyard, an electromagnet is used to lift and release cars so they can be
moved around.

Suggest two ways a solenoid could be made to lift and release cars in a scrapyard.

Explain why each suggestion would be useful in the scrapyard.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 15 marks)

Page 21 of 31
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a)  (water that is) safe to drink
allow suitable to drink
ignore filtered / purified / pure / clean
1

(b)  to filter the water

or
to remove solid objects
allow to remove bacteria from the water
allow example of solids
1

(c)  29 × 6 × 2
allow 1 mark for 174(p)
or (£)1.74
1

(£)3.48
1

(d)  have to wait longer before you can use the water
allow have to wait 2 weeks before you can use
the water
1

not portable (if concrete used)

1

(e)  any two from:

•   filters a lot of water per hour or high filtration rate
allow produces more clean water (in a given
time)

•   (concrete) heavy so cannot be knocked over / stolen

•   higher reduction in pathogens (that cause diarrhoea)
allow 47% reduction instead of 31% reduction

•   low maintenance

•   faster (than SODIS) or don’t have to wait 8 hours
•   not weather dependent (like SODIS)
•   needs replacing less frequently
2

(f)  ozone
or
chlorine
allow boiling the water
allow distillation
allow sterilising tablets
allow gamma rays
ignore filtration / sunlight / heat
1

Page 22 of 31
 [9]

Q2.
(a) 1 600 000 × 5
1

(=) 8 × 106
an answer of 8 × 106 scores 2 marks
allow 8 000 000
1

(b) experiment 3
1

(c) (148 + 151 + 151) / 3

1

= 150 (g)
an answer of 150 (g) scores 2 marks
1

(d) answer in range 530–550 (g)

1

(e) mean mass of water absorbed in grams ∝ mass of hydrogel in grams

1

(f)
Level 2: Scientifically relevant features are
identified; the way(s) in which they are
similar/different is made clear and (where 3-4
appropriate) the magnitude of the
similarity/difference is noted.

Level 1: Relevant features are identified and

1-2
differences noted.

No relevant content 0

Indicative content
advantages of fabric nappies
•   disposable nappies contain non-
biodegradable materials
•   disposable nappies will remain in landfill
for long periods
•   fabric nappies can be reused
disadvantages of fabric nappies
•   fabric nappies have slightly higher carbon
dioxide emissions
•   (so) bigger impact on global warming
•   fabric nappies use more water than

Page 23 of 31
 disposable nappies to make each nappy
•   fabric nappies use more water than
disposable nappies when used (because
of washing).
4
[11]

Q3.
(a) Carbon and hydrogen only
1

(b) Methane has the lowest boiling point and decane has the highest melting point
1

Octane is liquid over a larger temperature range than methane

1

(c) heat / steam

1

catalyst
1

(d) Level 3 (5–6 marks):

A detailed and coherent evaluation is provided that considers a range of relevant
points, quotes relevant data from the table and comes to a conclusion consistent
with the reasoning.

Level 2 (3–4 marks):

An attempt to describe relevant points which comes to a conclusion. The logic and
use
of data may be inconsistent at times but builds towards a coherent argument.

Level 1 (1–2 marks):

Discrete, relevant points made. The logic may be unclear and the conclusion, if
present, may not be consistent with the reasoning.

0 marks:
No relevant content.

Indicative content
• conclusion as to which bag is more environmentally friendly

Points that may be used in argument

• Paper bags are made from a renewable resource (wood)
• Paper bags more sustainable
• Paper bags are biodegradable
• Plastic bags are made from a finite resource (oil or gas)
• Plastic bags not sustainable
• Paper bags require more energy to manufacture (1.7 MJ compared with
1.5 MJ)
• Paper bags produce more waste (50 g compared with 14 g)
• Paper bags create less CO2 than plastic bags
• So manufacture of plastic bags has more effect on global warming /
climate change / environmental effects

Page 24 of 31
 • Plastic bags can be recycled
• Recycling reduces use of energy sources in manufacture
• justified
6
[11]

Q4.
(a)
Level 2: Scientifically relevant features are
identified; the way(s) in which they are similar
/ different is made clear and (where 3-4
appropriate) the magnitude of the similarity /
difference is noted.

Level 1: Relevant features are identified and

1-2
differences noted.

No relevant content 0

Indicative content
•   bioleaching is very slow, but although
slow, phytomining can be made more
efficient by growing quick growing plants
•   bioleaching extracts copper from
quarrying waste, but phytomining extracts
copper from contaminated ground
•   phytomining decontaminates polluted
ground, but bioleaching can produce
toxic run off which may go into rivers
•   phytomining takes a long time to stop
•   bioleaching is a very slow process
•   plants are burned in phytomining
4

(b) (plants burned to produce) ash

1

copper compounds in ash dissolved in sulfuric acid

1

(c) CuSO4 + Fe
1

→ Cu + FeSO4
1

(d) electron transfer

1

(e) delocalised electrons

1

carry charge through the metal

Page 25 of 31
 1

(f) turns from white

1

to blue
1
[13]

Q5.
(a)  five single bonds inside the brackets (1 C−C bond and 4 C−H bonds)
1

two single bonds extending from the carbons

allow 2 marks for an answer of:

(b)  HD (poly(ethene) polymer chains) have no side chains

allow LD (poly(ethene) polymer chains) have
side chains
ignore cross links
1

chains are closer together in HD (poly(ethene) than LD

poly(ethene))
1

(c)  Level 2: The method would lead to the production of a valid outcome. All key
steps are identified and logically sequenced.
3−4

Level 1: The method would not necessarily lead to a valid outcome. Some
relevant steps are identified, but links are not made clear.
1−2

No relevant content
0

Indicative content

•   suspend a poly(ethene) strip / bag

•   (use a ruler) to measure length or to locate starting position
•   add (known) mass / weight to the strip / bag or pull with a newtonmeter
•   determine extension
•   repeat using different forces (by adding further masses / weights or
pulling harder)
•   control variables: size / thickness of strip
•   repeat and calculate a mean

(d)  any two from:

•   both have increasing extension with increasing force

•   both extend non-linearly

Page 26 of 31
 •   HD poly(ethene) has a smaller extension (than LD poly(ethene)) for a
given force
allow LD poly(ethene) stretches more for a given
force
allow correct readings of extension for a given
force for both polymers

•   HD poly(ethene) has a smaller maximum extension (than LD

poly(ethene))
allow HD poly(ethene) breaks at a greater
(maximum) force
ignore references to strong / weak
2

(e) 
or
6.8 (billion)

(8 billion − 6.8 billion =)

1.2 billion
or
1200 000 000
or
1.2 × 109
allow 1 mark for an answer consistent with an
incorrect conversion of billion
1
an answer of 1.2 billion scores 2 marks
an answer of 1.2 scores 1 mark

(f)  Level 3: A judgement, strongly linked and logically supported by a sufficient

range of correct reasons, is given.
5−6

Level 2: Some logically linked reasons are given. There may also be a simple
judgement.
3−4

Level 1: Relevant points are made. They are not logically linked.
1−2

No relevant content
0

Indicative content

similarities
•   both made from crude oil
•   crude oil is a finite resource
•   production and transport of both cause emissions of carbon dioxide
•   carbon dioxide contributes to global warming
•   both can be disposed of in the same ways

Page 27 of 31
 disadvantages of disposable bags
•   each disposable bag generates more waste (than one bag for life)
•   each disposable bag generates approximately 2.5 times more waste or
0.25 g more waste (than one bag for life)
•   if 6 disposable bags used they generate approximately 15 times more
waste or 2.35 g more waste (than one bag for life)

•   if 6 disposable bags used it causes more CO2 to be emitted (than one
bag for life)
•   if 6 disposable bags used 2.7 g more CO2 emitted or approximately 1.4
times more (than one bag for life)

advantages of disposable bags

•   a disposable bag causes less CO2 to be emitted (than one bag for life)
•   a disposable bag emits 5.3 g less CO2 (than one bag for life)
•   if disposable bags used more than once less CO2 emitted (than one bag
for life)
•   if bag for life is used fewer than 5 times, it results in more CO2 being
emitted (than one disposable bag)
•   disposable bags extend less as made from HD poly(ethene)
[18]

Q6.
(a) filter
1

to remove solids or insoluble particles

OR

add coagulant (1)

flocculation / settling / remove solids (1)

1

(add) chlorine
accept ozone / UV
1

to reduce the number of microbes

accept to kill microbes / bacteria / germs
accept sterilise
allow disinfect
ignore remove microbes
1

(b) (i) ion exchange resin

allow ion exchange column
allow sodium ions / Na+
allow hydrogen ions / H+
1

(ii) prevent growth of microbes

accept sterilise
accept to kill microbes / bacteria / germs

Page 28 of 31
 accept to reduce the number of microbes
ignore remove microbes
1

(c) high cost of energy / heating

allow uses a lot of energy
1

(d) any one from:

• helps to develop / maintain bones
allow any suitable positive effect on bones
• helps to develop / maintain teeth
allow any suitable positive effect on teeth
• reduces heart disease
1
[8]

Q7.
to obtain all four marks, at least one argument for biodiesel and
one argument against biodiesel must be given
if no fuel named assume it refers to biodiesel

any four from:

arguments for biodiesel:

• burning biodiesel produces low amounts of particulates so less global dimming

accept unburnt hydrocarbons / soot as alternatives to
particulates

• absorbs carbon dioxide when plants are growing so carbon dioxide released
when burnt equals carbon dioxide taken in
accept carbon neutral

• removes need to dispose of cooking oil

• using a renewable resource so conserving crude oil / non-renewable resources

4

arguments against biodiesel:

• burning biodiesel produces high amounts of nitrogen oxides so more acid

rain formed
• deforestation leads to a reduction in absorption of carbon dioxide so
increased global warming
• production of biodiesel leads to increased carbon dioxide output so
overall is not carbon neutral
• production of fuel crops rather than food crops could lead to food shortages /
food price increases

conclusion supported by the argument presented

Compensation marks
• apply if 0 or 1 mark scored:
• three / four comparisons from table = 2 marks

Page 29 of 31
 • two comparisons from table = 1 mark
compensation marks added to previous marks scored but
restricted to maximum of 2 marks for question total
1
[5]

Q8.
(a) (i) (advantages of titanium)
ignore references to figures

less dense
allow lighter
1

stronger
ignore references to corrosion
1

(disadvantage of titanium)

more expensive
1

(ii) high resistance to corrosion

1

(b) Metal Method of extraction

extra line from any metal negates mark

1
1

(c) silver
ignore chemical symbols
1

(d) (i) mixture

1

(ii) 12 (%)
1

(iii) plants
1
[10]

Q9.
(a) Fe2O3 + 3 CO 2Fe + 3 CO2

Page 30 of 31
 correct formulae of reactants
1
correct formulae of products
1
correct balancing
1

(b) iron loses oxygen – reduction

1

carbon gains oxygen – oxidation

1

(c) any four from:

• resources for manufacture are limited

• recycling reduces the use of resources
• reduces energy consumption in extraction / manufacture
• reduces waste from processing and extraction
• reduces environmental impact of extraction
4

(d)

field lines going through and around coil

1
correct directional arrows
1

(e) any two from:

1 mark for suggestion, 1 mark for correctly linked
explanation

• use many coils or tight coils or long wire (1)

• to give a strong magnetic field for lifting heavy objects (1)
explanation must be correctly linked to the suggestion to
gain the mark

or
• add an iron core
• to increase field circuit for lifting

or
• include a switch in circuit
• so can drop / pick up cars
max. 4
[15]

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