13

JOB #02
Statement
To find relationship between water height and moment acting on a
plan partially and fully submerged.
Objective:
i) The objective is to calculate the hydrostatic force, fluid exert on submerged plan
surface and
ii) To compare those with theoretical values.

Apparatus:
1. Centre of Pressure Apparatus.

Theory:
A fluid at rest is said to be in a static condition. Consider a small three dimensional “chunk” of a
static fluid called a fluid particle. The fluid particle experiences a constant pressure on all sides
acting inward towards a single point at its center. The horizontal x and y component of the
pressure are equal and opposite and have a net sum of zero. It can then be said that the pressure
does not change in the horizontal direction
The related equation of fully submerged and partially submerged at 0’ and 30’ are
For fully submerged.
At 0’ M = 1.71625 – 11.03625h
At 30’ M = 1.48674 -11.03625h
For partially submerged.
At 0’ M = 1.962-14.715h-122.62h3
At 30’ M = 1.699 -14.715h+163.459h3

Procedure:
1. Place the center of pressure apparatus on a level surface. This is important for obtaining
an accurate force balance scenario.
2. Add weight to the weight hanger of the Centre of pressure apparatus.
3. Pour water into the torus until the added weight of the water balances the lever arm about
the pivot to a horizontal position.
4. Record the vertical height of the water in torus relative to the pivot of the lever arm. This
value will be needed to calculate the moment the hydrostatic force the fluid exerts on the
plane at the bottom of the torus.
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5. Repeat step 2 through 4 for four more weights. It is not important to use an identical
increment of identical eight for each trial. It is however important to reference the vertical
height from the free surface of the fluid in the torus to the pivot of the lever arm.
6. Use equation to calculate the force and moment.

Table of Observation & Calculation:

For Partially Submerged:
Ɵ=0o

Sr. # Mass Weight Height Height Ma Mth %age

m(kg) w(N) h(mm) h(m) (Nm) (Nm) Difference
-
1 0.16 1.5696 168 0.168 0.263693 0.071322624 269.7183099
-
2 0.18 1.7658 156 0.156 0.275465 0.131995512 108.6925501
-
3 0.2 1.962 150 0.15 0.2943 0.168609375 74.54545455
-
4 0.22 2.1582 144 0.144 0.310781 0.209196288 48.55942377
-
5 0.24 2.3544 138 0.138 0.324907 0.253597329 28.11933047
-
6 0.26 2.5506 132 0.132 0.336679 0.301653576 11.61120795
7 0.28 2.7468 126 0.126 0.346097 0.353206107 2.012792774
8 0.3 2.943 120 0.12 0.35316 0.408096 13.46153846
9 0.32 3.1392 116 0.116 0.364147 0.446464872 18.4376593
10 0.34 3.3354 112 0.112 0.373565 0.486199296 23.16632231
11 0.36 3.5316 110 0.11 0.388476 0.506563875 23.31154684
12 0.38 3.7278 106 0.106 0.395147 0.548258337 27.92689626
13 0.4 3.924 102 0.102 0.400248 0.591200631 32.29912503
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Theoretical Moment verses Water Height
0.7

0.6

0.5

h(m) 0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Mth(Nm)
Ɵ=30o

Mass Weight Height Height Ma Mth %age

Sr. #
m(kg) w(N) h(mm) h(m) (Nm) (Nm) Difference
1 0.3 2.943 148 0.148 0.435564 0.051080079 -752.7081644
2 0.32 3.1392 144 0.144 0.452045 0.068125959 -563.5426626
3 0.34 3.3354 130 0.13 0.433602 0.145169423 -198.686866
4 0.36 3.5316 122 0.122 0.430855 0.200586698 -114.7974935
5 0.38 3.7278 118 0.118 0.43988 0.231198368 -90.26103186
6 0.4 3.924 114 0.114 0.447336 0.263661701 -69.66286678
7 0.42 4.1202 110 0.11 0.453222 0.297913929 -52.13185953
8 0.44 4.3164 108 0.108 0.466171 0.315691264 -47.66680407
9 0.46 4.5126 104 0.104 0.46931 0.352509145 -33.13424835
10 0.48 4.7088 100 0.1 0.47088 0.390959 -20.44229702
11 0.5 4.905 96 0.096 0.47088 0.430978062 -9.258461558
12 0.52 5.1012 92 0.092 0.46931 0.472503562 0.675796343
13 0.54 5.2974 88 0.088 0.466171 0.515472732 9.564333595

Theoretical Moment verses Water Height

0.6

0.5

0.4
h(m)

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
Mth(Nm)
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For Fully Submerged:

Ɵ=0o

Mass Weight Height Height Ma Mth %age

Sr. #
m(kg) w(N) h(mm) h(m) (Nm) (Nm) Difference
1 0.16 1.5696 168 0.168 0.263693 -0.13734 292
2 0.18 1.7658 156 0.156 0.275465 -0.004905 5716
3 0.2 1.962 150 0.15 0.2943 0.0613125 -380
4 0.22 2.1582 144 0.144 0.310781 0.12753 -143.6923077
5 0.24 2.3544 138 0.138 0.324907 0.1937475 -67.69620253
6 0.26 2.5506 132 0.132 0.336679 0.259965 -29.50943396
7 0.28 2.7468 126 0.126 0.346097 0.3261825 -6.105263158
8 0.3 2.943 120 0.12 0.35316 0.3924 10
9 0.32 3.1392 116 0.116 0.364147 0.436545 16.58426966
10 0.34 3.3354 112 0.112 0.373565 0.48069 22.28571429
11 0.36 3.5316 110 0.11 0.388476 0.5027625 22.73170732
12 0.38 3.7278 106 0.106 0.395147 0.5469075 27.74887892
13 0.4 3.924 102 0.102 0.400248 0.5910525 32.28215768
14 0.42 4.1202 98 0.098 0.40378 0.6351975 36.43243243
15 0.44 4.3164 94 0.094 0.405742 0.6793425 40.27436823
16 0.46 4.5126 90 0.09 0.406134 0.7234875 43.86440678
17 0.48 4.7088 86 0.086 0.404957 0.7676325 47.24600639
18 0.5 4.905 82 0.082 0.40221 0.8117775 50.45317221
19 0.52 5.1012 78 0.078 0.397894 0.8559225 53.51289398
20 0.54 5.2974 74 0.074 0.392008 0.9000675 56.44686649
21 0.56 5.4936 70 0.07 0.384552 0.9442125 59.27272727
22 0.58 5.6898 66 0.066 0.375527 0.9883575 62.00496278
23 0.6 5.886 62 0.062 0.364932 1.0325025 64.65558195

Theoretical Moment verses Water Height

1.2

0.8

0.6
h(m)

0.4

0.2

For Ɵ=30o 0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
-0.2
Mth(Nm)
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Mass Weight Height Height Ma Mth %age

Sr.#
m(kg) w(N) h(mm) h(m) (Nm) (Nm) Difference
1 0.3 2.943 148 0.148 0.435564 -0.484695 189.8635224
2 0.32 3.1392 144 0.144 0.452045 -0.44055 202.6091931
3 0.34 3.3354 130 0.13 0.433602 -0.2860425 251.5865649
4 0.36 3.5316 122 0.122 0.430855 -0.1977525 317.8759813
5 0.38 3.7278 118 0.118 0.43988 -0.1536075 386.366486
6 0.4 3.924 114 0.114 0.447336 -0.1094625 508.6659815
7 0.42 4.1202 110 0.11 0.453222 -0.0653175 793.8753014
8 0.44 4.3164 108 0.108 0.466171 -0.043245 1177.977107
9 0.46 4.5126 104 0.104 0.46931 0.0009 -52045.6
10 0.48 4.7088 100 0.1 0.47088 0.045045 -945.3546454
11 0.5 4.905 96 0.096 0.47088 0.08919 -427.9515641
12 0.52 5.1012 92 0.092 0.46931 0.133335 -251.9784003
13 0.54 5.2974 88 0.088 0.466171 0.17748 -162.6612576
14 0.56 5.4936 84 0.084 0.461462 0.221625 -108.217665
15 0.58 5.6898 80 0.08 0.455184 0.26577 -71.26989502
16 0.6 5.886 76 0.076 0.447336 0.309915 -44.341513
17 0.62 6.0822 72 0.072 0.437918 0.35406 -23.68479919
18 0.64 6.2784 70 0.07 0.439488 0.3761325 -16.84393133
19 0.66 6.4746 68 0.068 0.440273 0.398205 -10.56435755
20 0.68 6.6708 66 0.066 0.440273 0.4202775 -4.757642272

Theoretical Moment verses Water Height

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
h(m)

-0.1 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16

-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
Mth(Nm)
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Conclusions:
 When a surface is only partially submerged in a fluid at rest; the height, counterweight mass,
hydrostatic pressure, and hydrostatic forces are exponentially related.
 When a surface is completely submerged in a fluid at rest; the height, counterweight mass,
hydrostatic pressure, and hydrostatic forces are linearly related and have a standard deviation
that fluctuates more than that of when the surface is only partially submerged.
 No matter whether the surface is fully submerged or only partially submerged; as actual
height increases so does the counterweight mass, theoretical height, and hydrostatic force.
 No matter whether the surface is fully or partially submerged, as the actual height increases,
the center of pressures decreases.