CFD ANALYSIS OF A MIXTURE OF FLOW IN A PRODUCER GAS

CARBURETOR

A Minor Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfilment of
the Degree of Bachelor of Technology ( Mechanical Engineering)

By

Nishant chaudhary - 8816103046

Vishu garg – 8816105001
Ankit kumar- 8816106004
Prashant kumar- 8816105013

Under the guidance

of
Prof. Ghanshyam Singh
Head of department

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

JAYPEE UNIVERSITY, ANOOPSHAHR

MAY-2019

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 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in this report, “CFD ANALYSIS OF A
MIXTURE OF FLOW IN A PRODUCER GAS CARBURETOR” in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the award of B.Tech. degree, submitted to the department of MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING Jaypee University, Anoopshahr, is an authentic record of our own work
carried out from July 2017 to May 2018 under the guidance of Prof. Ghanshyam Singh ,
Head of Department , in the Department of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, Jaypee
University, Anoopshahr.

We have not submitted the matter embodied in this report for the award of any other degree

Date: 23 MAY 2019

NISHANT CHAUDHARY

VISHU GARG

ANKIT KUMAR

PRASHANT KUMAR

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work entitled, “CFD ANALYSIS OF A MIXTURE OF FLOW IN A

PRODUCER GAS CARBURETOR ” submitted by Nishant chaudhary, vishu garg, Ankit

kumar, Prashant kumar in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Mechanical Engineering at Jaypee University, Anoopshahr has been
carried out under my supervision. The work has not been submitted partially or wholly to any
other University or Institute for the award of this or any other degree or diploma.

Certified that the above mentioned project work has been carried out by the said group of
students.

Date 23 may 2019

Prof. Ghanshyam Singh
Head Of Department
Jaypee University
Anoopshahr Distt Bulandshahr – 239390

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are pleased to acknowledge Prof. Ghanshyam Singh, HOD, Dept. Of M.E for their
invaluable guidance during the course of this project work. We extend our sincere thanks to
Mr. Ram Kumar who continuously helped us throughout the project and without his
guidance, this project would have been an uphill task. We are also grateful to Mr. Tasnim
Arif and Mr. Arnav Prakash who co-operated with us regarding some issues. We also wish to
express our indebtedness to our parents as well as our family member whose blessings and
support always helped us to face the challenges ahead. At the end We would like to express
our sincere thanks to all our friends and others who helped us directly or indirectly during this
project work.

Nishant chaudhary

Vishu garg

Ankit kumar

Prashant kumar

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 CANDIDATES’ DECLERATION

2 CERTIFICATE

3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

4 INTRODUCTION

5 AIM

6 GOVERNING PARAMETERS

7 DIMENSIONS

8 CAD MODELS

9 BOUNDARY VALUE CONDITIONS

10 MESH GENERATION

11 SIMULATION OF PRODUCER GAS CARBURETOR

12 RESULT

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 INTRODUCTION

 In the current state of technological advances, it is recognized that Biomass is one of

the viable and sustainable renewable resources and new technologies emerging out of
biomass based gasification systems find a significant role in bridging the energy
crisis. The advanced biomass gasification systems are known to generate producer gas
as the combustible fuel that is clean enough to be used in Direct Injection gas engines.
However in order to adapt standard gas engines few of its components need
modifications before they are used in the biomass power plants. Since this area is an
emerging one and the technology has not been disseminated to the scale of driving
market, it is essential that specialized components that require modification need be
studied.
 Carburetor is one of the important components in such Category and it is identified
that additional research work is to be carried out in establishing a design procedure for
this application.
 Air/fuel ratio characteristic exert a large influence on exhaust emission and fuel
economy in Internal Combustion engine . With increasing demand for high fuel
efficiency and low emission, the need to supply the engine cylinders with a well
defined mixture under all circumstances has become more essential for better engine
performance. Carburettors are in general defined as devices where a flow induced
pressure drop forces a fuel flow into the air stream .
 An ideal carburettor would provide a mixture of appropriate air-fuel (A/F) ratio to the
engine over its entire range of operation from no load to full load condition. To ensure
proper performance, Carburettors should be reproducible and have unequivocal
adjustment procedures.
 CFD software used for flow analysis is OPENFOAM. The geometric model is built
using SALOME workbench.

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 AIM

The aim of this project is to analysis the mixing performance of producer gas carburetor
using CFD.

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 GOVERNING PARAMETERS

REYNOLDS NUMBER: Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces
within a fluid which is subjected to relative internal movement due to different fluid
velocities, which is known as a boundary layer in the case of a bounding surface such as the
interior of a pipe. A similar effect is created by the introduction of a stream of higher velocity
fluid, such as the hot gases from a flame in air. This relative movement generates fluid
friction, which is a factor in developing turbulent flow. Counteracting this effect is the
viscosity of the fluid, which as it increases, progressively inhibits turbulence, as more kinetic
energy is absorbed by a more viscous fluid. The Reynolds number quantifies the relative
importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions, and is a guide to when
turbulent flow will occur in a particular situation.

The Reynolds number (Re) is an important dimensionless quantity in fluid mechanics used to
help predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations. At low Reynolds numbers, flows
tend to be dominated by laminar (sheet-like) flow, while at high Reynolds numbers
turbulence results from differences in the fluid's speed and direction.

The Reynolds Number is defined as

Re = Inertia 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒/ 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒

Re  VD / 

Where,
• 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 (𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 ⁄ )
• 𝑉 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 of 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 (𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐)
• 𝐷 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ (𝑚)
• 𝜇 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙((𝑃𝑎 · 𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑁 · 𝑠/𝑚2 𝑜𝑟 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 · 𝑠)

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DEAN NUMBER: The Dean number (De) is a dimensionless group in fluid mechanics,
which occurs in the study of flow in curved pipes and channels. If a fluid is moving along a
straight pipe that after some point becomes curved, the centripetal forces at the bend will
cause the fluid particles to change their main direction of motion. There will be an adverse
pressure gradient generated from the curvature with an increase in pressure, therefore a
decrease in velocity close to the convex wall, and the contrary will occur towards the outer
side of the pipe. This gives rise to a secondary motion superposed on the primary flow, with
the fluid in the centre of the pipe being swept towards the outer side of the bend and the fluid
near the pipe wall will return towards the inside of the bend. This secondary motion is
expected to appear as a pair of counter-rotating cells, which are called Dean vortices.
The Dean number is typically denoted by De (or Dn). For a flow in a pipe or tube it is defined
as

Where ρ is the density of the fluid

μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid
v is the axial velocity scale
D is the diameter
Rc is the radius of curvature of the path of the channel
Re is the Reynolds number

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 DIMENSIONS

 The air and producer gas passes through inlets of 50mm x 50mm .

 The outlet diameter is 35mm based on the inputs for Reynolds number

 Air and producer gas enter into mixing chamber through an orifice of 28mm and
26.5mm diameter respectively But this will not be considered in the CFD analysis.

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CAD MODELS

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 BOUNDARY VALUE CONDITIONS

 A/F ratio is in between 1.1 to 1.4 (depending upon the load ).

 Throat velocities in the range of 50-80 ms/s ( depending upon the capacity of
engine).
 The pressure required for the gas supply is about 2000pa to 5000pa.
 Mass flow rate of air at inlet 1 0.0276200 (kgs^-1)
 Mass flow rate of air at inlet 0.0276200 (kgs^-1)
 Density of Air (rho) 1.008 kgm^-3

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MESH GENERATION

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 SIMULATION OF PRODUCER GAS IN OPENFOAM
Producer gas carburettor has been simulated in openFOAM using simpleFOAM .The various
boundary ,velocity and pressure conditions are given according to appropriate value of
Reynolds number.

Boundary conditions-

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Velocity conditions-

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Pressure conditions-

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 RESULT

The following result has been obtained after simulation in openFOAM using simpleFOAM .

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Residual plot-

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 REFERENCES

A) Sanjay.M.R , B.Yogesha and N.K.S.Rajan

1. Assistant Professor & 2.Professor Dept. of Mechanical
Engg, Malnad college of Engineering, Hassan.3. Principal
Research Scientist, CGPL, Dept. of Aerospace Engg, IISc,
Bangalore.
B) K.S.Umesh, V.K.Pravin, K.Rajagopal, P.H.Veena
Dept. Of Mech. Engg. ; Thadomal Shahani Engg. College,
Bombay, Maharastra, India Dept. Of Mech. Engg. ; P.D.A College of
Engg., Gulbarga, Karnataka , India Dept. Of Mech. Engg. ; Former
V.C. JNTUniversity, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India Dept. Of
Mathematics. ; Smt.V. G. College for Women, Gulbarga, Karnataka,
India.

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