IS 11384-1limit state

ultimate strength of composite section determined from plastic capacity,provided the elements of steel cross-section do not fa

Span to depth ratio according to EC4

Beam type span/depth ratio

simply supported 15-18 primary beams

18-20 secondary beams
continuous 18-22 primary beams
22-25 end bays

effective breadth of flange

The bending stress in concrete flange is found to vary along the breadth of flange due to shear lag effect.This phenomenon is ta

For design purpose a portion of beam span(20%-33%) is taken as effective breadth of slab

In EC4, the effective breadth of simply supported beam is taken as l0/8 on each side of steel web,but not greater than half the

For simply supported beam Lo=L therefore,

beff= L/4 but less than or equal to B

where,L0 = the effective span taken as distance between points of zero moments

L= actual span, B= centre to centre distance of transverse span for beam

Modular ratio

Long term loading

Short term loading

15 for live load

30 for dead load

In EC4 ,the elastic modulus of concrete for long term loads is taken as 1/3 of short term value and for normal weight concrete ,

Properties of concrete
Grade designation M25 M30 M35 M40
fck(Mpa) 25 30 35 40
Ecm(Mpa) 25000 27386.13 29580.4 31622.78

Partial Safety Factor

Partial safeStandard As per EC4BS 5950:Par

IS:800-200As oer IS :456-2000

Load Dead load 1.35 1.4 1.5 1.5

γ1 Live Load 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5
Material concrete 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
γm structural 1.05 1.15 1.1 1.15
reinforcem 1.15 1.15 1.25 1.15

Section classifications

The limiting width-thickness ratios to prevent local buckling for different sections are given in Table 3.5,3.6 and 3.7

R= ratio of mean longitudinal stress in web to design strength fy with compressive stress taken as positive and tensile stress ne

if compression flange falls in plastic or compact category as per above classification,plastic moment capacity of composite secti

for compression flange falling in semi-compact or slender category elastic moment capacity of section is used.

Because of local buckling,the ability of a steel flange or web to resist compression depends on its slenderness represented by its

code also specifies the limiting width-thickness ratio = b/t for componenet plates

a) Plastic cross section: can develop their full plastic moment Mp and allow sufficient rotation at or above th
b/t ≤b1

b) Compact cross-section: they can develop their full plastic moment Mp but where the local buckling prevents
b1 <b/t ≤b2

c) Semi-compact cross-section
b2 <b/t ≤b3 They are those in which the stress in extreme fibers should be limited to yield stress

d) Slender cross section They are those in which yield stress in extreme fibers cannot be attained because of
b3 <b/t
s of steel cross-section do not fall in semi-compact or slender category

lag effect.This phenomenon is taken into account by replacing the actual breadth of flange (B) with an effective breadth (beff) such that ar

eb,but not greater than half the distance to next adjacent web.

and for normal weight concrete ,the modular ratio is taken as 6.5 for short term loading and 20 for long term loading
Table 3.5,3.6 and 3.7

as positive and tensile stress negative

ment capacity of composite section is used provided the web is not slender

section is used.

ts slenderness represented by its breadth/thickness ratio.

sufficient rotation at or above this moment so that redistribution of bending moments can take place

where the local buckling prevents the required rotation at this moment to take place

should be limited to yield stress because local buckling would prevent the development of full plastic moment Mp

s cannot be attained because of premature local buckling in elastic range

ctive breadth (beff) such that area FGHIJ nearly equals area ACDE.
Span = 10 m
Thickness of slab = 100 mm
Beam to Beam spacin= 3m
Imposed load = 4 kN/m2
fck = 30 Mpa
fy = 250 Mpa
Ceiling & services = 0.5 kN/m2

Weight of concrete sl= 2.4 kN/m2

Comparison between IS code and EC4

Acc to IS 11384-1985 Acc to EC4

Construction stage Construction stage

Concrete s= 2.4 kN/m2 Concrete s= 2.4 kN/m2

R/F = 0.04 kN/m2 R/F = 0.04 kN/m2
steel beam= 0.2 kN/m2 steel beam= 0.2 kN/m2
2.64 kN/m2 2.64 kN/m2

Material safety factor considered Material safety factor considered

steel = 1.1 steel = 1.05

concrete = 1.5 concrete = 1.5
constructi = 0.5 kN/m2 constructi = 0.5 kN/m2
Dead load γg
f 1.5 Dead load γg
f 1.35
Imposed loγQ 1.5 Imposed loγQ 1.5
constructi = 0.75 constructi = 0.75
slab+beam= 3.96 slab+beam= 3.564
4.71 4.314
Total desig= 141.3 kN Total desig= 129.42 kN

Design moMsd 176.625 kN-m Design moMsd 161.775 kN-m

(𝑀_𝑠𝑑 �𝛾_𝑎)/𝑓_𝑦 (𝑀_𝑠𝑑 �𝛾_𝑎)/𝑓_𝑦
Zp require = 777150 mm3 Zp require = 679455 mm3