TECHNO INTERNATIONAL NEWTOWN

Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata-700156

Even Semester 2019
Paper Name: Mathematics – IIA Paper Code: BSM201

MODULE – I

(BASIC PROBABILITY)

1. If A and B are not mutually exclusive events then show that, P(A∪B) = P(A)+P(B) – P(A∩B).
2. If A and B are independent events then show that A and B, A and B, A and B are independent.
3. A and B throw alternatively with a pair of dice. A wins if he throws 8 before B throws 5 and B wins if
he throws 5 before A throws 8. Find the probability that A wins.
4. In a bolt factory machines A, B and C manufacture respectively 25%, 35% and 40% of the total of their
output. 5%, 4% and 2% are defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product and is found to
be defective. What are the probabilities that it was manufactured by machines A, B and C ?
5. A boy contains 5 white and 4 black balls. If 3 balls are drawn at random then what are the probabilities
that : (i) two of them are white (ii) at most one of them is white (iii) at least two are white.
6. A box contains 5 defective and 10 non-defective lamps. 8 lamps are drawn at random in succession
without replacement. What is the probability that 8th lamp is the 5th defective.
7. Three groups of children contain respectively 3 girls and 1 boy, 2 girls and 2 boys, 1 girl and 3 boys.
One child is selected at random from each group. Show that the chance that the three selected children
13
consisting of 1 girl and 2 boys is 32.
8. There are three identical urns containing white and black balls. The 1 st urn contains 3 white, 4 black
balls; the 2nd urn contains 4 white and 5 black balls; 3rd urn contains 2 white and 3 black balls. An urn is
chosen at random and a ball is drawn from it. If the drawn ball is white, what is the probability that the
2nd urn is chosen.
9. A random variable X has the following p.m.f
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 2
P( X = k) 0 k 2k 2k 3k K 2k 7k2+k
(i) Determine the constant k.
(ii) Evaluate P( X < 6 ), P( X ≥ 6), P(3 < X ≤ 6), P( 3 < X / X ≤ 6).
1
(iii) Find the minimum value of x so that, P( X ≤ x ) > 2.
(iv) Obtain the distribution function F(x).
10. Find the mean and variance of a binomial distribution with parameters n and p.
3
11. If the mean of a binomial distribution is 3 and the variance is , find the probability of obtaining at most
2
3 success.
12. It is seen that a cricket player becomes out within 10 runs in 3 out of 10 innings. If he plays 4 innings,
what is the probability that he will becomes (i) out twice (ii) out at least once within 10 runs.

13. Define Poisson distribution and find the mean and variance of a Poisson distribution with parameter λ.
14. A car-hire firm has two cars which it hires out day by day. The number of demands of a car on each day
is distributed as a Poisson distribution with average number of demand per day 1.5. calculate the
proportion of days on which neither car is used and the proportion of days on which some demand is
refused. (e−1.5 = 0.2231)
1
15. In a certain factory turning razor blades, there is a small chance, for any blade to be defective. The
500
blades are in packets of 10. Use Poisson distribution to calculate the approximate no. of packets
containing (i) no defective (ii) one defective (iii) two defective blades respectively in one consignment
of 10,000 packets. (e−0.02 = 0.9802)
16. (a). If 20% of the articles produces by a machine are defective, determine the probability that out of the
4 articles chosen at random less than 2 articles will be defective.
(b). If a random variable follows Poisson distribution such that P(1) = P(2), then find mean and P(4).
(c). If x is a Poisson variate such that P(X = 1) = 0.2 and P(X = 2) = 0.2, find P(X = 0).
17. State Tchebycheff’s inequality. Show by Tchebycheff’s inequality that in a 2,000 throws with a coin the
19
probability that the number of heads lies between 900 and 1,100 is at least .
20
18. Use Tchebycheff’s inequality to show that for n ≥ 36 the probability that in n throws of a fair die the
n n 31
number of sixes lies between 6 − √n and 6 + √n is at least 36.
19. A and B throw alternatively with a pair of dice. A wins if he throws 8 before B throws 5 and B wins if
he throws 5 before A throws 8. Find the probability that A wins.
20. If X and Y have same standard deviation then prove that X+Y and X – Y are uncorrelated.
21. In a joint distribution of (X,Y) the marginal distribution of X and Y are respectively :
X 5 7
pxi 1/2 1/2
Y 3 6
Pyj 1/3 2/3

1
If Cov(X,Y) = − 2, then
(a) Construct the joint distribution (b) Are X and Y independent?
(c) Find P(X=5,Y=6) and P(X>Y).
22. From the past experience, a professor knows that the test score of a student taking his/her final exam is a
random variable with mean 75 and variance 25. What can be said about the probability that a student
will score between 65 and 85.
 MODULE – II

(CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION)

23. The p.d.f of a random variable X is f(x) = k(x – 1)(2 – x) for 1 ≤ x ≤ 2. Determine (i) the value of
5 3
constant k (ii) the distribution function F(x) (iii) P( ≤ X ≤ ).
4 2
24. Show that the function |x| in ( -1, 1) and zero elsewhere is a possible p.d.f and find the corresponding
distribution function.
x
, 0≤x ≤1
2
1
25. A variable X has the density function f(x) = , 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 2. Find mean and variance of X.
2
1
(3 − x), 2 < 𝑥 ≤ 3
{2
26. The length of the life of tyre manufactured by a company follows a continuous distribution given by the
density function :
𝑘
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥3 , 1000 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1500
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find k and find the probability that a randomly selected tyre would function for at least 1200 hours.
27. Find the mean of an uniform distribution. If X is uniformly distributed over [1, 2] then find U so that
1
P(X > U + X) = 6.
28. Define normal distribution and find its mean, variance and standard deviation.
29. If the weekly wage of 10,000 workers in a factory follows normal distribution with mean and s.d Rs. 70
and Rs. 5 respectively.Find the expected number of workers whose weekly wages are (i) between Rs.
66 and Rs. 72 (ii) less than Rs. 66 (iii) more than Rs. 72
𝑧
1 𝑡2
[𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡, ∫ 𝑒 − 2 𝑑𝑡 = 0.1554 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0.2881 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑠 𝑧 = 0.4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 0.8]
√2𝜋
−∞
30. The length of bolts produced by a machine is normally distributed with mean 4 and s.d 0.5. a bolt is defective if
its length does not lie in the interval (3.8, 4.3). Find the percentage of defective bolts produced by the machine.
0.6 0.4
1 𝑡2 1 𝑡2
−2 −2
[𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡, ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = 0.7257 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = 0.6554]
√2𝜋 √2𝜋
−∞ −∞
31. Let the length of a phone call (in minutes) is exponentially distributed with mean 10. If someone arrives
immediately ahead of you at a telephone booth, find the probability that you will have to wait for
(a) more than 10 minutes (b) between 10 and 20 minutes.
 MODULE – III

(BIVARIATE DISTRIBUTION)

32. The joint pdf of the bivariate (X,Y) is

𝑒 −(𝑥+𝑦) , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find (a) marginal pdf of X and Y (b) 𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌) ≤ 4 (c) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1) (d) 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑌) (e) 𝑃(2 < 𝑋 + 𝑌 < 4)
Show that X and Y are independent.
33. Determine the value of k for which 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑘𝑥𝑦, 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 𝑥 is a joint probability density
function. Find the marginal density and conditional density for X and Y respectively. Show that the
variables X and Y are not independent.
34. The pdf of the random variable X is 𝑓𝑋 (𝑥) = 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1. Let the conditional density of Y is given
𝑦 1
X=x is 𝑓𝑌⁄ (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 , 0 < 𝑦 < 𝑥. Find the joint pdf 𝑓𝑋,𝑌 (𝑥, 𝑦) and the marginal distribution of Y.
𝑋
35. If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦, 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1 is the joint pdf of X and Y. Find the distribution of X+Y.
36. If X and Y are independent random variables each having density function 𝑎𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < ∞, where a
𝑋
is positive constant, find the density function of the quotient 𝑌 .
 MODULE – IV

(BASIC STATISTICS)

37. Compute the arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the following data :
Score 4–5 6–7 8–9 10 – 11 12 – 13 14 – 15
Frequency 4 10 20 15 8 3

38. For the following bivariate data show that the correlation coefficient is ‘0’. Are the variable independent?
X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y 3 2 1 0 1 2 3

39. Following is a frequency distribution lacking two class frequency. Find them if the mean is 7.74.
Value: 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11 11-13 Total
Frequency: 32 -- 57 -- 25 200

40. Calculate the median and mode for the following data:
Weight 60-63 64-67 68-71 72-75 76-79 80-83
No of
8 3 18 6 16 8
students

41. Find the skewness and 2nd raw moment of the following data:
xi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
fi 1 6 13 25 30 22 9 5 2
42. For two variables x and y the equations of two regression lines are 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3 = 0 and
4𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 5 = 0. Identify which one is ‘of y on x’. Find the means of x and y. Find the correlation
coefficient between x and y. Estimate the value of x when y=1.5.
43. If 𝑥 = 4𝑦 + 5 and 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 + 4 be two regression equations of ‘x on y’ and of ‘y on x’ respectively, then
find the interval in which k lies.
44. If the equations of two regression lines obtained in a correlation analysis are 3𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 19 and 3𝑦 +
9𝑥 = 46, determine which one of these is regression line of x on y. Find the means, correlation
coefficient and ratio of standard deviation of x and y.
 MODULE – V & VI

(APPLIED STATISTICS & SMALL SAMPLES)

45. Fit a straight line of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 to the following data’s :

X : 2 5 6 8 9
Y : 8 14 19 20 31
Predict Y when X=9.6.
46. Fit a second degree parabola 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 , to the following data :
X : 0 1 2 3 4
Y : 1 5 10 22 38
47. Fit an exponential curve of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 to the following data :
X : 2 3 4 5 6 7
Y : 640 512 410 328 262 210
48. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data taking x as independent variable, by the method of
least square :
X : 0 1 2 3 4
Y : 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3

49. The guaranteed average life of a certain type of electric light bulbs is 1000 hours with a standard
deviation of 125 hours. It is proposed to sample the output so as to assure that 90% of the bulbs do not
fall short of the guaranteed average by more than 2.5 percent. What should be the minimum size of the
sample? ( The area under standard normal curve from z=0 to z=1.28 is 0.4)
50. A normal population has mean 0.1 and standard deviation 2.1. find the probability that the mean of a
sample of size 900 will be negative. Given that P ( |Z| < 1.43) = 0.847.
51. The random variable X is normally distributed with mean 68 cm. and s.d 2.5 cm. What should be the
size of the sample whose mean shall not differ from the population mean by more than 1 cm with
probability 0.95? [Given that area under standard normal curve to the right of the ordinate at 1.96 is
0.025].
52. The mean weight of 500 ball bearings is 5.02 gms. Their s.d is 0.30 gms. Find the probability that a
random sample of 100 ball bearing would have a combined weight more than 510 gms. (Suppose that
𝑡2
1 2.96
the sampling is SRSWOR). [𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡, √2𝜋 ∫−∞ 𝑒 − 2 𝑑𝑡 = 0.4985 ]
53. In order to test whether a coin is perfect the coin is tossed 5 times. The null hypothesis of perfectness is
rejected if more than 4 heads are obtained. What is the probability of Type I Error? Find the probability
of Type II Error when the corresponding probability of head is 0.2.
54. To test the unbiasedness of a die it is thrown six times and is accepted that the unbiasedness if not more
than one sixes are obtained. Find the probability of Type I Error.
55. A random sample with observations 65, 71, 64, 71, 70, 69, 64, 63, 67, 68 is drawn from a normal
population with s.d √7.056 . test the hypothesis that the population mean is 69 at 1% level of
significance. [ Given that P( 0 < Z < 2.58) = 0.495 ].
56. 200 men out of 600 men and 300 men out of 1200 men in two cities are highly educated. Do the data
indicate that the two cities are significantly different regarding the educational standard of men?
57. Intelligence test on two groups of boys and girls gave the following results :
Mean S.D Number
Boys 70 20 250
Girls 75 15 150
 Is there a significant difference in the mean scores obtained by boys and girls?
58. The proportion of defective items in a large lot of items is p. To test the hypothesis p = 0.2, we take a
random sample of 8 items and accept the hypothesis if the number of defectives in the sample is 6 or
less. Find the probability of Type I Error of the test. What is the Type II Error if p = 0.3?
59. A machine part was designed to withstand an average pressure of 120 units. A random sample of size
100 from a large batch was tested and it was found that the average pressure which these parts can
withstand is 105 units with a s.d of 20 units. Test at 5% level whether the batch meet the specification.
Suppose the population has normal distribution.
60. Survey of 320 families with 5 children each revealed the following distribution :

No. of boys 5 4 3 2 1 0
No. of girls 0 1 2 3 4 5
No. of family 14 56 110 88 40 12
Is the result consistent with the hypothesis that male and female births are equally probable? The 5%
value of 𝜒 2 with 5 degrees of freedom is 11.07.
61. The following table gives the number of aircraft accidents that occurred during the various days of the
week. Test whether the accidents are uniformly distributed over the week using 5% level of significance.
Day Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
No. of accidents 13 14 18 12 11 15 14
2
Given P(𝜒 > 12.58) = 0.05 for 6 degrees of freedom.