Exercise 1

Verb + that clause

Complete the sentences using the corresponding reporting verb

Admitted, announce, discovered, explained, expected, hear, know, noticed, promised, understood.

1. He _______________ that he’d love me forever

2. The teacher _______________ verbs and adjectives are different things
3. I _______________ that she’s the best student in the class
4. Jason _______________ that he couldn’t play soccer for a month.
5. Robert _______________ that he’d made a mistake.
6. They _______________ that Mathew’s uncle used to be a shoplifter.
7. Did you _______________ that Jason and Caroline had got married?
8. We’re glad to_______________ that the winners are…
9. Samantha _______________ that something strange happened to her best friend.
10. Paul’s parents _______________ that he would do well in the science exam.

Exercise 2

Adjective + that clause

Match the sentences

1. I’m afraid __ A. That they’ll have a lot of fun in the trip.

2. She was surprised __ B. That new students get the necessary information.
3. It’s certain __ C. That he couldn’t come to our party.
4. We’re sure __ D. That we wear these casual clothes in that place?
5. They were pleased __ E. That she won’t be able to pass the test.
6. August was so sorry __ F. That we remembered her birthday.
7. It’s very important __ G. That the manager didn’t want to help them.
8. The kids are excited __ H. That we brought a bottle of wine for the dinner
9. Is it right __ I. That the city needs more parks.
10. They were disappointed __ J. That we’ll take them to that new amusement park.

Exercise 3

Noun + that-clause

Complete the sentences with your own ideas

1. It’s a good idea that ___________________________________________________________________________

2. There’s a theory that __________________________________________________________________________
3. It’s a fact that ________________________________________________________________________________
4. There isn’t any possibility that ___________________________________________________________________
5. People have the belief that _____________________________________________________________________
 Making Predictions

In 1900, an American engineer, John Watkins, made some predictions about life in 2000. Many of his predictions were
correct.

Among other things, Watkins predicted television, mobile phones, and digital photographs.

However, predictions are often very difficult to get right. Here are some examples:

“The telephone [cannot] be seriously considered as a means of communication.”

— Western Union memo, 1876.

“I have no faith in [flying machines] other than ballooning.”

— William Thomson, British scientist, 1899.

“All the calculations . . . in this country could be done on three digital computers. No one else would ever need machines
of their own, or would be able to afford to buy them.”

— Cambridge University Professor Douglas Hartree, 1951.

What Will Life Be Like in 2025?

Here are some experts’ predictions for life in 2025:

• Most cars will be electric, and they will drive by themselves.

• Most of our energy will come from the sun, not oil.

• People will be able to record and replay their memories.

• Most families will own a robot.

• Some robots will have rights, such as the right to own property or run a business.

Exercise 4

A. Look at the information in “Making Predictions” and answer the questions.

1. What past predictions were correct?

2. What past predictions were incorrect?

B. Look at the information in “What Will Life Be Like in 2025?” and answer the questions.

1. What predictions for 2025 are likely to happen, in your opinion?

2. What predictions for 2025 are not likely to happen? Why not?

3. What other things are likely to happen in 2025?

Exercise 5

Technology

List some technologies that make life easier or more fun today than in the past.

Technologies That Make Life Easier Technologies That Make Life More Fun

High speed trains 3D movies

Reading: How will we live?

Picture this: You wake up in the morning. A soft light turns on in your room. You go into the bathroom and the shower
starts. The water is the perfect temperature. After your shower, you go into the kitchen. Your favorite breakfast is already
cooked, and it’s on the table, ready to eat. Now it’s time to go to work. It’s a rainy day. You live alone, but you find that
your umbrella and hat are already by the door.

How is all this possible? Welcome to your future life!

Appliances That Talk

Technology will allow homes in the future to be “smart.” Appliances will communicate with each other—and with you.
Your stove, for instance, will tell you when your food is cooked and ready to eat.

Refrigerators will suggest recipes based on food items you already have.

The technology is possible because of tiny information-storing devices called RFID chips. People already use them to keep
track of pets and farm animals. Future RFID chips will store information about all the items in your cabinets. For example,
they will record the date that you bought each item. Other devices will “read” this information using radio waves. When
you need more food, your cabinets will tell you to buy it.

1 RFID is “radio-frequency identification.”

2 A cabinet is a type of cupboard used for storing medicine, drinks, and other items.

Houses That Think

Are you tired of the color or pattern of your walls? In a smart home, you won’t have to repaint them. The walls will actually
be digital screens, like computer or TV screens. The technology is called OLED, and it’s here already. OLEDs are tiny devices
that use electricity to light things. You can find the same technology in today’s thin TV screens. OLED walls will become
clear, like windows, or display colors and patterns, like walls.

A computer network will link these walls with everything else in your house. Called “ambient intelligence,” this computer
“brain” will control your entire house. It will also adapt to your preferences. Your house will learn about your likes and
dislikes. It will then use that knowledge to control the environment. For example, it will set the heat in the house to your
favorite temperature. It will turn on the shower at the right temperature. It will also darken the windows at night and
lighten them when it’s time to wake up.

OLED means “organic light-emitting diode.” Ambient refers to what is around you.
Robots That Feel?

But how about your cooked breakfast, and the umbrella and hat you found by the door? For those, you can thank your
robot helper. Futurologists predict that many homes will have robots in the future. Robots already do many things such
as building cars and vacuuming floors. But scientists today are starting to build friendlier, more intelligent robots—ones
that people will feel more comfortable having around in the house. Sociable robots will be able to show feelings with their
faces, just like humans. They will smile and frown, make eye contact, and speak. These robots will do work around the
house such as cooking and cleaning. They will even take care of children and the elderly. How soon will this smart home
be a reality? There’s a good chance it will be a part of your life in 25 or 30 years, perhaps sooner. Much of the technology
is already here.

Exercise 6

Read each statement below. Then circle T for true and F for false, according to the reading. Correct the false statements.

Appliances That Talk

1. Someday, kitchen cabinets will tell you it’s time to buy more food. T F

2. RFID chips are already used today for keeping track of children. T F

Houses That Think

3. People will change their wall patterns using RFID technology. T F

4. Darkening windows at night is an example of ambient intelligence. T F

Robots That Feel?

5. Scientists are building robots that can help take care of elderly people. T F

6. Robots will soon be more intelligent and sociable than humans. T F

New vocabulary

Write the new vocabulary and meanings in this box

Word or phrase Meaning

Exercise 7

Listen to the news and complete the sentences.

A new report shows what __________________in 100 years from now. It describes skyscrapers that are much taller than
today's buildings, underwater 'bubble' cities, and holidays in space. The report is from Samsung's SmartThings. It asked
experts on space, architecture, and city planners to give their ideas on life in 2116. They said the way we live, work and
play ________________________to how we do these things today. The experts said that 25 years ago, people could not
imagine how the Internet and smartphones would change our lives. The Internet has revolutionised the way we
communicate, learn and do daily things. The experts said the changes in the next century would be even more
unbelievable.

Researchers questioned 2,000 adults about the predictions they thought were most likely to happen in the future. They
predicted that in the future, _________________________but ______________________and have virtual work
meetings. People will have advanced 3D printers that _____________________a design for furniture or a food recipe and
then 'print' the sofa, table or pizza at home. There ________________________for visits to the doctor. We
___________________that _________________what the problem is and give us treatment. We
___________________for holidays and to get resources that we have used up on Earth. A prediction that was missing was
whether people would still need to study English.

Exercise 8

Work in groups and make predictions about the following topics:

Education

Communication

Food

Entertainment

Clothing
Exercise 9

Put in ‘so’ or ‘such’:

1. They were __________ happy that they started dancing.

2. He speaks Chinese __________ well!

3. Julie is __________ a good writer.

4. She swims __________ quickly!

5. It was __________ late we missed the last train.

6. They have __________ a big house that I got lost!

7. She has __________ a sweet puppy.

8. That was __________ an interesting book.

9. The weather was __________ hot I stayed inside.

10. He’s __________ a teenager!

11. He was __________ handsome.

12. It was __________ a beautiful day that we took a picnic to the park.

13. You’re not usually __________ tired! Is everything okay?

14. He doesn’t often work __________ a lot.

15. The children have __________ many toys.

16. She’s __________ a bookworm!

17. I had __________ a lot of work I couldn’t go out.

18. You shouldn’t drink __________ little in this weather.

19. She has __________ much money that she doesn’t need to work again.

20. The shops had __________ few vegetables at that time that we grew our own.
Making a story

Telling stories is common in any language. Think of all the situations in which you might tell a story in everyday life:

 Talking about last weekend to a friend.

 Giving details about something that happened during a job interview.
 Relating information about your family to your children.
 Telling colleagues about what happened on a business trip.

In each of these situations—and many others—you provide information about something that happened in the past. To
help your audience understand your stories, you need to link this information from the past together. One of the most
important ways to link ideas is to sequence them.

EXAMPLE: A Conference in Chicago

Last week, I visited Chicago to attend a business conference. While I was there, I decided to visit the Art Institute of
Chicago. To start off, my flight was delayed. Next, the airline lost my luggage, so I had to wait for two hours at the airport
while they tracked it down. Unexpectedly, the luggage had been set aside and forgotten.

As soon as they found my luggage, I found a taxi and rode into town. During the ride into town, the driver told me about
his last visit to the Art Institute. After I had arrived safely, everything began to go smoothly. The business conference was
very interesting, and I really enjoyed my visit to the institute. Finally, I caught my flight back to Seattle.

Luckily, everything went smoothly. I arrived home just in time to kiss my daughter good night.

Sequencing Steps

Sequencing refers to the order in which events happened. Sequencing is often made easier by the use of transition words.
Following are some of the most common words and expressions used to sequence when writing or speaking.

Beginning your story

Create the beginning of your story with these expressions. Use a comma after the introductory phrase.

First of all, To start off with, Initially, To begin with,

Examples of these beginning phrases in use include:

To begin with, I began my education in London.

First of all, I opened the cupboard.

To start off with, we decided our destination was New York.

Initially, I thought it was a bad idea.

Continuing the story

You can continue the story with the following expressions, or use a time clause beginning with "as soon as" or "after."
When using a time clause, use the past simple after the time expression, such as:

Then, After that, Next, As soon as / When + full clause, ...but then, Immediately,

Examples of using these continuing phrases in a story include:

Then, I started to get worried.

After that, we knew that there would be no problem!

Next, we decided on our strategy.

As soon as we arrived, we unpacked our bags.

We were sure everything was ready, but then we discovered some unexpected problems.

Immediately, I telephoned my friend Tom.

Interruptions and Adding New Elements to the Story

You can use the following expressions to add suspense to your story:

Suddenly,

Unexpectedly,

Examples of using these interrupting phrases or turning to a new element include:

Suddenly, a child burst into the room with a note for Ms. Smith.

Unexpectedly, the people in the room didn't agree with the mayor.

Ending the Story

Mark the end of your story with these introductory phrases:

Finally, In the end, Eventually,

Examples of using these ending words in a story include:

Finally, I flew to London for my meeting with Jack.

In the end, he decided to postpone the project.

Eventually, we became tired and returned home.

When you tell stories, you will also need to give reasons for actions. Review tips on linking your ideas and providing reasons
for your actions to help you understand how to do so.

Events Occurring at the Same Time

The use of "while" and "as" introduce a dependent clause and require an independent clause to complete your sentence.
"During" is used with a noun, noun phrase, or noun clause and does not require a subject and object. The construction for
this kind of sentence is:

While / As + subject + verb + dependent clause or independent clause + while / as + subject + verb

An example of using "while" in a sentence is:

While I was giving the presentation, a member of the audience asked an interesting question.

Jennifer told her story as I prepared dinner.

The construction for using "during" in a sentence is:

During + noun (noun clause)

Examples of using "during" in a sentence include:

During the meeting, Jack came over and asked me a few questions.

Exercise 1

Provide an appropriate sequencing word to fill in the blanks. The answers follow the quiz.

My friend and I visited Rome last summer. (1) ________, we flew from New York to Rome in first class. It was fantastic!

(2) _________ we arrived in Rome, we (3) ______ went to the hotel and took a long nap. (4) ________, we went out to

find a great restaurant for dinner. (5) ________, a scooter appeared out of nowhere and almost hit me! The rest of the

trip had no surprises. (6) __________, we began to explore Rome. (7) ________ the afternoons, we visited ruins and

museums. At night, we hit the clubs and wandered the streets. One night, (8) ________ I was getting some ice cream, I

saw an old friend from high school. Imagine that! (9) _________, we caught our flight back to New York. We were happy

and ready to begin work again.

Exercise 2

Gerunds and infinitives for purposes

Complete the sentences with the correct form

1 Philip always uses his smartphone _______________ (text) his friends

2 Hey! That computer is ___________________ (consult), not _______________________ (play)

3 I wanna go to the park _________________ (walk)

4 Do you study English __________________ (fun) or ____________________ (learn)

5 I never need quiet _____________________ (read)

6 Dana bought a dog _________________ (feel) accompanied.

7 A blender is ___________________ (make) juice.

8 Don't do that! Knifes aren't ____________________ (kill) people

9 Let’s go to the bar _____________________ (a drink)

10 You have to study hard ______________________ (pass) the course

Exercise 3
Make the description of an item using the forms learned.
Example: I always use this device to check e-mail but never to text my friends or relatives. I also use it to search information
on the web and sometimes to play videogames. In the beginning this item was only for calculations and it was the size of
a room. Now it’s very small and has a lot of room for information, pictures, audio files and so. I think I can’t live without
it.
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