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AWA AS1288 Glass Guide
AWA AS1288 Glass Guide
GUIDE TO GLASS
AND GLAZING
A HANDBOOK TO AS 1288
CONTENTS ii
FOREWORD iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
ABOUT AWA v
DISCLAIMER v
ABOUT GLASS 1
GLASS TYPES 3
Float Glass 3
Tints and Tones 4
Decorative Glass 4
Low-E Glass 4
Insulating Glass Units 4
Safety Glass 5
Toughened Glass 6
Heat Strengthened Glass 7
Laminated Glass 7
GLASS STANDARDS 8
AS 1288 Glass in Buildings – Selection and Installation 8
AS/NZS 2208 Safety Glazing Materials in Buildings 8
AS/NZS 4666 Insulating Glass Units 8
AS/NZS 4667 Quality Requirements for Cut-To-Size and
Processed Glass 8
AS/NZS 4668 Glossary of Terms Used in the Glass and
Glazing Industry 8
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
FOREWORD This handbook has been written to provide guidance for architects, building designers,
engineers, fabricators, glaziers and associated industry professionals on the proper use
and application of glass in the building and construction industry.
Glass is one of the most practical, versatile and interesting building products. Despite
its transparent nature, glazing, when used to its full potential, is often the most
extraordinary architectural feature of a building. It can add interesting and unique
elements to any building - adding character and improving the form and function of a
space. Glazing also provides significant benefits to building occupants through the use
of natural light, creating a feeling of openness and providing expansive views of the
outside world.
In today’s built environment, glazing does far more than keep out the wind and rain
(although these have always been its primary function). It has become increasingly
important to consider the design, selection and installation of glazed elements.
Performance characteristics such as safety, energy efficiency, acoustic attenuation
and fire protection are but a few of the functions a well-considered glazing system can
achieve.
To this end, advances in technology have made available a host of new and exciting
glazing products; high performance double and triple glazing systems, spectrally
selective films and Low-E coatings, and specially developed acoustic laminates to
name a few.
While this handbook includes references to a number of Australian Standards and the
National Construction Code, it is not, nor is it intended to be, a definitive prescription
of the regulatory framework. This handbook provides guidance for the most common
applications of glass and glazing and serves as an overview of current industry practice.
The correct and proper assessment of glazing requirements requires a thorough
understanding and application of the relevant provisions.
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
ABOUT AWA With over 600 member companies, the AWA is the peak association representing
window and glazing manufacturers and their suppliers. It is a co-operative; all members
have one vote irrespective of size and financial contribution. The Association Business
Plan is monitored and reviewed by an elected Board representing all states and
territories of Australia.
The AWA provides a national technical voice through representation on Australian and
International Standard Committees, the Building Code Committee, Residential and
Commercial Building Regulation Committees and Committees for Mandatory Energy
Requirements. It keeps the window industry informed via magazines, website updates,
meetings, conferences and industry exhibitions and promotes the industry through
media outlets, trade exhibitions and presentations at industry conferences.
The AWA manages NATA accreditation and compliance programs for manufacturers,
provides comprehensive proprietary training and technical support documents through
its training division the Australian Fenestration Training Institute (AFTI), handles dispute
resolution with consumers, and owns the Window Energy Rating Scheme (WERS) that
provides the industry with energy ratings for their fenestration systems.
The AWA continues to work relentlessly, representing the industry in as many forums
and on as many work groups and committees as they practically can, on all industry
issues.
DISCLAIMER This guide has been developed to provide general guidance, awareness and education
to AWA members, stakeholder groups and consumers. It should not be viewed as a
definitive guide. While every effort has been made to ensure the information is accurate,
the AWA expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person for anything done in
reliance on this publication. No responsibility is accepted by the AWA for any mistakes,
errors or omissions in this publication.
v
Agnew Street, Norman Park, QLD
Source: Bretts Architectural Window Solutions
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
ABOUT GLASS
Glass is made by melting together several The basic raw materials include:
minerals at very high temperatures. Silica,
• Former: Silica (quartz sand).
in the form of sand, is the main ingredient
and is combined with other substances to • Fluxing agent: Lime and soda ash
form a ‘batch’ and melted in a furnace at (sodium carbonate).
temperatures of 1500 °C. • Stabiliser: Calcium oxide (CaO),
magnesium oxide (MgO), alumina,
etc.
• Cullet: Broken glass is also used in
the batch to speed up the melting
process.
• Other materials that are added
to produce different colours or
properties as required.
Sand
Soda Ash
Limestone
1
Window Profile
Source: Shutterstock
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
GLASS TYPES
The principal reactions between the raw Once off the bath, the glass sheet passes
materials take place within the melting through an annealing chamber called a
Refining Furnace zone, which occupies about a third of Lehr where it is cooled gradually to avoid
the tank. The melting process is crucial strain and cracking from the temperature
to glass quality. Once molten, the glass change. On exiting, the glass is inspected
then flows in a continuous ribbon from the for defects and then cut to size.
glass furnace onto a bath of molten tin.
Float Bath The entire process operates continuously
The glass, which is highly viscous, floats for the duration of the ‘campaign’ which,
on top of the flat surface of the tin to form for most plants, will be roughly 12 to 15
perfectly smooth surfaces on both the top years. A float line can be nearly half a
and bottom with uniform thickness. This is kilometre long and will produce around
Batching Raw Materials where the name ‘float’ glass comes from. 6,000 kilometres of glass annually, in
thicknesses between 0.4 mm and 25 mm
As the glass flows along the tin bath, the and in widths up to three metres.
Melting Furnace
Refining Furnace
Annealing Lehr
Float Bath
Inspection & Cutting
Annealing Lehr
Packing
Inspection & Cutting
Packing
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS TYPES VERSION 2
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS TYPES VERSION 2
Low-E Coating
Solar Heat
Visible Light
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS TYPES VERSION 2
All safety glass used in Australia must material used in the product, for wide, on all sharp edges and corners.
be compliant to AS/NZS 2208 Safety example:
Glazing Materials in Buildings which sets (i) The letter ‘T’ or word ‘toughened’, Toughened glass is commonly used in the
out the test requirements and procedures indicating a toughened safety following applications:
for testing glazing material safety after glass. • Human impact areas for safety, as
breakage. There are two categories of
(ii) The letter ‘L’ or the word defined in AS 1288
safety glass specified in AS/NZS 2208,
‘laminated’ indicating a laminated • Shopfronts and entrances
Grade A and Grade B, with Grade A
safety glass.
having the higher performance level. The • Frameless glass doors
test requirements for the different glazing (iii) The letters ‘TL’ indicating that the
• Balustrades
materials are designed to promote safety material is toughened laminated
safety glass. • Structural glass assemblies and
and to reduce or minimise the likelihood of
façades
cutting and piercing injuries from human
impact. TOUGHENED GLASS • Overhead glazing
• Shower enclosures
Compliant glazing materials must be When broken, toughened glass crumbles • Interior partitions
legibly and permanently marked with into small granular chunks of similar size
• Spandrel glazing
a stamp or sticker with the following and shape, which are less likely to cause
information: injury compared to ordinary glass which • To minimise the risk of thermal stress
splinters into random, jagged shards. fractures
(a) The name or registered trademark of
the manufacturer or supplier. Toughened glass, due to the nature of
Toughened glass is made by a controlled
(b) The number of the Australian/New the process, is not as flat as float glass.
process of heating the glass to about
Zealand Standard, i.e. AS/NZS 2208. Deviation or roller wave bow can vary with
600 °C followed by rapid cooling using
substance, tint or surface treatment and
(c) A letter or other code to indicate the compressed air. This cooling process
shape of the glass. Reflective, enamelled
plant of manufacture or supply. causes the surface to contract, forming a
and sandblasted glasses have a greater
(d) Grade A or Grade B to indicate the rigid outer layer around the glass - making
tendency to bow. Bow tolerances are
grade of the material. it much stronger than conventional glass
specified in AS/NZS 2208.
and far more resistant to impact stress
(e) A number indicating the nominal
and temperature change. Toughened
thickness for standard glazing material The edges of toughened glass must be
glass has four to five times more strength
in milimetre or a number indicating the handled with care. Particular attention
than ordinary glass of the same thickness.
minimum thickness for non-standard must be taken to avoid edge damage
glazing material to the nearest tenth of which can result in spontaneous glass
Prior to furnacing, the edges must be
a milimetre. fracture.
finished to a minimum standard whereby
(f) A letter or word or combinations all edges are arrissed by grinding a
thereof to indicate the type of glazing Toughened glass can be specified to
chamfer or bevel, approximately 1 mm
be Heat Soak treated. Heat soaking
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS TYPES VERSION 2
is a quality control check that detects LAMINATED GLASS and also blocks up to 99 per cent of
and rejects most glass nickel sulphide incoming UV radiation.
inclusions. This significantly reduces the Laminated glass is two (or more) pieces
risk of toughened glass breakage. of glass, separated by an interlayer. The The performance of laminated glass
interlayer, typically polyvinyl butyral (PVB), can be varied by changing the number,
Heat Soaking is recommended and keeps the layers of glass bonded, even thickness and type of each of the glass
should be specified in structural glass when broken, and prevents the glass from layers and the PVB interlayers to give a
assemblies, overhead glazing, spandrel breaking up into large sharp pieces. This wide choice of products with one or more
glass, balustrading and anywhere produces a characteristic ‘spider web’ of the following functional benefits:
toughened glass is situated more than five cracking pattern when the impact is not
• Safety
metres above ground level. sufficient to completely pierce the glass.
• Security
Laminated glass is normally used • Bullet resistance
HEAT STRENGTHENED GLASS
when there is a possibility of human • Cyclone and explosion resistance
impact or where the glass could fall if
Heat strengthened glass is manufactured • Solar control and UV protection
shattered. Skylight glazing and automobile
using the same process as toughened • Noise control
windshields typically use laminated glass.
glass but is NOT a safety glass. It has
In geographical areas requiring cyclone- • Privacy and decoration
roughly twice the strength of ordinary
resistant construction, laminated glass is
glass of the same thickness and has the Standard PVB interlayer thicknesses
often used in exterior storefronts, curtain
same thermal resistance properties of are 0.38, 0.76 and 1.52 mm. Special
walls and windows. The PVB interlayer
toughened glass. If broken, it forms large PVB interlayer thicknesses are available
may give the glass an improved sound
pieces. This product is used in building through specialist glass suppliers.
insulation rating, particularly at high
spandrels and windows not requiring
frequencies, due to the damping effect,
safety glass.
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
GLASS STANDARDS
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
OTHER REGULATORY
REQUIREMENTS
As well as the Australian Standards that VOLUME THREE contains the The selection of wind speed class for a
specifically relate to glass and the glazing requirements for plumbing and drainage house depends on the conditions at the
products used in the building industry, associated with all classes of buildings. site:
there are also other requirements in the
(a) The geographic wind speed region of
regulatory framework that affect glass and The goal of the NCC is to enable the
the site (Region A, B, C or D, as given
glazing. They include: efficient achievement of nationally
in AS/NZS 1170.2).
consistent, minimum necessary standards
for safety (including structural safety and (b) The terrain category that surrounds it
THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION or is likely to surround the site within
safety from fire), health, amenity and
CODE the next five years (TC1, TC1.5, TC2,
sustainability objectives.
TC2.5 or TC3).
The National Construction Code (NCC)
(c) The topographic class of the site (T0,
is an initiative of the Council of Australian AS/NZS 1170 SERIES STRUCTURAL
T1, T2, T3, T4 or T5).
Governments developed to incorporate DESIGN ACTIONS
all on-site construction requirements into (d) The shielding class of the house (FS,
a single code. The NCC is a uniform set AS/NZS 1170 provides designers PS or NS).
of technical provisions for the design with general procedures and criteria
and construction of buildings and other for the structural design of buildings AS 2047 WINDOWS AND EXTERNAL
structures and plumbing and drainage and structures. It outlines a design GLAZED DOORS IN BUILDINGS
systems throughout Australia. The NCC is methodology that is applied in accordance
published in three volumes: The Building with established engineering principles. It AS 2047 sets out the requirements for the
Code of Australia (BCA) is Volume One is comprised of 5 parts (numbered 0 – 4): construction and installation of windows,
and Volume Two and the Plumbing Code sliding and swinging glazed doors
Part 0: General Principles
of Australia (PCA) is Volume Three. (including French and bi-fold), adjustable
Part 1: Permanent, Imposed and louvres, shopfronts and window walls with
VOLUME ONE contains the requirements Other Actions one-piece framing elements. It provides
for: window designers and manufacturers
Part 2: Wind Actions
with generic requirements for windows
(a) All Class 2 to 9 buildings.
Part 3: Snow and Ice Actions in buildings, setting out the performance
(b) Access requirements for people requirements and specifications in the
with a disability in Class 1b and 10a Part 4: Earthquake Actions
design and manufacture of all windows,
buildings. regardless of materials.
(c) Certain Class 10b structures including AS 4055 WIND LOADS FOR HOUSING
access requirements for people with
AS 1926.1 SWIMMING POOL SAFETY
a disability in Class 10b swimming AS 4055 provides designers, builders
PART 1 SAFETY BARRIERS FOR
pools. and manufacturers of building products
SWIMMING POOLS
that are affected by wind loading with a
VOLUME TWO contains the requirements range of wind speed classes that can
for: AS 1926.1 provides the requirements for
be used to design and specify such
safety barriers, including glass barriers,
(a) Class 1 and 10a buildings (other products for use in housing as defined
around pools. Glass barriers under this
than access requirements for people within the limitations in this standard. The
standard must also meet the requirements
with a disability in Class 1b and 10a standard relates specifically to building
of AS 1288.
buildings). Classes 1 and 10 (as defined by the NCC)
and within geometric limits given in the
(b) Certain Class 10b structures (other
standard. A system of 10 classes of wind
than access requirements for
loads is set out in the standard for the
people with a disability in Class 10b
serviceability and ultimate limit states and
swimming pools).
incorporates both non-cyclonic (N) and
(c) Class 10c private bushfire shelters. cyclonic (C) regions.
9
Cyclonic Winds
Source: Shutterstock
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
The principal load applied to glass in an The design wind load is determined using
exterior wall is, in most cases, the net these standards and is dependent on the
pressure difference caused by local wind following:
conditions. It is important to understand
1. Regional wind speed.
this type of loading to ensure proper
design. 2. Terrain category.
3. Local topography.
The design wind load can be determined 4. Height, size, shape and orientation of
using these primary documents: the building.
5. The effects of shielding.
AS 4055 – the ultimate and serviceability
limit state design wind pressures for Alternately, guidance is provided in
glass in walls that are within the AS 4055 the secondary documents AS 1288
definition for housing. Appendix A and AS 2047 Appendix A.
AS/NZS 1170.2 – the ultimate and For all buildings and structures that are
serviceability limit state design wind not covered by AS/NZS 1170.2, an
pressures for glass in walls that are within engineered solution is required.
the limitations of AS/NZS 1170.2.
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
DESIGN FOR WIND LOADS VERSION 2
20°
25°
27° Brisbane
30°
Perth
Adelaide
Sydney
Canberra
Melbourne
Region A1
Region A2
Region A3 Region B
Region A5 Region D
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
DESIGN FOR WIND LOADS VERSION 2
MODERATE
WIND SPEEDS 1/3 NO
SHIELDING
HEIGHT
LOW
WIND SPEEDS MAXIMUM SLOPE 1/3
1/3
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
DESIGN FOR WIND LOADS VERSION 2
HIGH
WIND SPEEDS
Figure 16 An Exposed Site
E
DS
Source: Australian Window
1/3 NO
Association SHIELDING
HEIGHT
MAXIMUM SLOPE 1/3
1/3
DDLE TOP
This house is
EXPOSED
BUILDING HEIGHT, SHAPE AND • No Shielding applies where there are SPAN OF GLAZING
ORIENTATION no permanent obstructions (that are of
a similar size to the house) to impede The allowable span for a given glass
The height, size, shape and orientation wind speed or where there are less thickness will vary based on the wind-load
of a building all play a major role in than 2.5 obstructions per hectare, the glass will be subjected to. Higher wind
determining the wind loads applied to such as a row of houses or single loads will require shorter spans or thicker
the building and external glazing. Wind houses abutting open parklands, glass to be compliant.
speed, and therefore wind pressure, open water or airfields. All houses
increases with height above ground level. with topography of T4 and T5 have no Span is defined as the dimension
When the wind blows perpendicular to shielding. between supports. For panels supported
a building face, it is slowed down with a • Partial Shielding applies to on all four edges, for example, a typical
consequent build-up of pressure against intermediate situations where there window where the glass is held by a frame
that face. At the same time, it is deflected are at least 2.5 houses or sheds on all four sides, the span is the smaller
and accelerated around the end walls per hectare, such as acreage type sight size dimension. Where glazing is
and over the roof, creating a suction or suburban development or wooded supported on only two sides, the span is
negative pressure on these areas. A large parkland. The second row of houses the distance between the supports.
eddy is created behind the building, which abutting open parkland, open water or
exerts suction on the leeward face. Corner airfields are classified as having partial The maximum span for a given standard
zones and other areas of discontinuity, shielding. nominal thickness of ordinary annealed,
such as roof ridges, have higher negative laminated, heat-strengthened and
• Full Shielding applies where at least
(outward) loads than flat walls away from toughened glass is determined in
two rows of houses or similar size
discontinuities. Therefore, the negative accordance with AS 1288 Section 3.
permanent obstructions surround
loads on glass at corners are generally This sets out a deemed-to-comply
the house being considered. The
higher than at intermediate areas. methodology for determining the minimum
application of full shielding shall be
glass thickness to be used to resist the
appropriate for typical suburban
Engineers and designers must consider serviceability and ultimate limit state
development greater than or equal to
the effects of the building design with design wind pressures for the size and/or
10 houses or similar size obstructions
regard to principles such as aerodynamic span of the glass. Alternatively, Section 4
per hectare.
shape factors, internal pressure can be used to determine the maximum
coefficients, frictional drag forces and For all other buildings, shielding is span for glass panels, subject to wind
dynamic response factors. determined through the application of a loading.
shielding multiplier as per the provisions of
AS/NZS 1170.2. Supplement 1 of AS 1288 provides a
THE EFFECTS OF SHIELDING
simplified method of determining minimum
glass thickness for given wind loads.
The shielding effects of buildings and
More information can be found in the AWA The supplement consists of 95 tables
other obstructions in the general vicinity
Key Message on Exposed Sites. for glass thickness calculated for ULS
of a building must be considered when
wind pressure for four-edge support
determining the wind loads applied.
in the range of 0.6 kPa to 10.0 kPa
Shielding is treated differently in AS 4055
and 59 tables for thickness calculated
and in AS/NZS 1170.2.
for deflection for four-edge support in
the range of 0.4 kPa to 6.2 kPa. There
For housing, AS 4055 provides that the
are also four tables for glass thickness
effects of shielding are classified as either
calculated for ULS wind pressure and
No Shielding (NS), Partial Shielding (PS) or
four for deflection at SLS wind pressure
Full Shielding (FS).
for two-edge support. The tables apply to
monolithic annealed, laminated annealed,
heat-strengthened and toughened glass.
14
Griffith Street, Port Fairy, VIC
Source: Portland Aluminium and
Glass
15
Kids Can’t Fly
Source: Australian Window Association
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
HUMAN IMPACT
SAFETY
Glass is a brittle material. The application Accident statistics show that glazing
of AS 1288 Section 5 requires the use in some locations in buildings is more
of either safety glass or thicker annealed vulnerable to human impact than in others.
glass to reduce the risk of injury from These critical locations include:
human impact. This does not assume that
(a) In and around doors (particularly in
the glass will not break under all human
side panels which may be mistaken
impact conditions, but rather that it will
for doors).
not break under the most likely forms
of human impact. When broken, the (b) Panels mistaken for a doorway or
likelihood of cutting or piercing injuries will opening.
be minimised by virtue of the protection (c) Panels at low levels in walls and
given to the glass by its limited size, partitions.
increased thickness or by its fracture (d) Bathrooms, spa rooms and ensuites.
characteristics.
(e) Buildings associated with special
activities, for example, gymnasiums,
enclosed swimming pools, etc.
(f) Schools and child care facilities.
(g) Nursing homes and aged care
facilities.
Figure 17 Manifestation
Source: Shutterstock
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
HUMAN IMPACT SAFETY VERSION 2
2000
1200
500
300 300
LEGEND
HIGH RISK LOW RISK
CRITICAL LOCATIONS This can be achieved by the application A band or marking is not required when
of a continuous opaque band or repeated any of the following applies:
Figure 18 illustrates the areas considered markings not less than 20 mm high, or a
I. The width of the glazing is no greater
likely to be subjected to human impact, broken line or patterns (such as company
than 500 mm at any part (with faceted
including: logos) that contrast with the background.
glazing this applies to the overall
Marking must be located at a height of not
• Glazing in doors. panel assembly – not individual glass
less than 700 mm to the upper edge of
• Glazing in side panels, with the panels).
the band and not more than 1200 mm to
nearest vertical sightlines less than the lower edge of the band. II. There is no glazing within 500 mm of
300 mm from the nearest edge of the the finished floor level.
doorway opening. The AWA recommends that where the III. The height of the glass panel is no
• Glazing within 500 mm of the finished band is not continuous, spacing between greater than 1000 mm at any part.
floor level. groups of markings should not exceed 1.5 IV. The glass is patterned, leadlight or
times the maximum height of the marking opaque.
MAKING GLASS VISIBLE or logo and that the band or markings
V. A handrail, chair rail or transom is
extend to 60 per cent of the visible
fitted between 700 and 1000 mm
Where glass is used in a door, side panel daylight opening width (Figure 19).
above floor level.
or a panel capable of being mistaken for
Installing glazing without manifestation VI. Glass louvres less than 230 mm in
a doorway or opening and it is not made
where AS 1288 requires its application width.
apparent by transoms, colonial bars or
other components of the glazing system, constitutes non-compliance with VII. The surface level outside the window
or other decorative treatments, such as AS 1288, AS 2047 and the NCC. is 1 m or more below the internal floor
being opaque or patterned, the glass level.
must be marked to make it visible.
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
HUMAN IMPACT SAFETY VERSION 2
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
HUMAN IMPACT SAFETY VERSION 2
LOW LEVEL GLAZING AND WINDOWS BATHROOM, ENSUITE AND SPA bonded to the backing in the event of
THAT ARE FULL HEIGHT ROOM GLAZING glass breaking.
Low level glazing, where the lowest Fully framed glazing, including mirrors, Frameless shower doors or panels must
sightline is less than 500 mm from the within 2000 mm above the floor level be glazed with Grade A toughened
floor or ground level, is subject to human in bathrooms, ensuites and rooms or or toughened laminated safety glass
impact and must be Grade A safety glass enclosures containing spa pools must be with a minimum thickness of 6 mm, in
in accordance with AS 1288 Table 5.1. Grade A safety glass or Grade B safety accordance with AS 1288 Table 5.4.
If fully framed, ordinary annealed glass glass in accordance with the requirements
may be used provided it is not less than of AS 1288 Table 5.1.
GLAZING IN STAIRWAYS
5 mm minimum nominal thickness up to a
maximum area of 1.2 m2. Larger areas of Partly framed glazing, with one unframed
Glazing, including mirrors, in stairways
ordinary annealed glass are not permitted edge or two opposite unframed edges,
within 2000 mm horizontally and at right
regardless of glass thickness. must be glazed with Grade A toughened
angles to the bottom riser of each stair
safety glass or toughened laminated
flight, and within 1000 mm and parallel to
NOTE: On tall Double Hung Windows safety glass in accordance with AS 1288
any part of the stair flight or landing, shall
either sash could be within Table 5.4.
be Grade A safety glass in accordance
500 mm of floor level so both
with Table 5.1 of AS 1288. Safety glass
sashes must comply with human Ordinary annealed glass, including mirrors,
is not required where the glazing is
impact clauses. may be used provided it is fully backed by
protected by a solid barrier that is not less
and completely adhered to a solid material
than 1000 mm in height.
in a way so that all pieces will remain
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
HUMAN IMPACT SAFETY VERSION 2
21
Double Exposure of Contemporary Office Interior
Souce: Shutterstock
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
SLOPED OVERHEAD
GLAZING
23
Pole House, Fairhaven, VIC
Bradford Glass and Aluminium
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
25
Modern Shopfront
Source: Shutterstock
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
27
Square Shower, Bleakhouse Road
Source: Viridian
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
SHOWER SCREENS
29
The Sisters Estate, Sorrento, VIC
Source: European Window Co
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VERSION 2
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
ENERGY EFFICIENT GLAZING VERSION 2
U-VALUE
Figure 26 Energy Efficiency of a Window
U-value (expressed as Uw for window Source: Australian Window Association
systems and Ug, Ucog or Uglass for glass
only) measures how readily glass or a
window system conducts heat. It is a
measure of the rate of non-solar heat 1. The lower a window’s SHGC, the less guides that allow the comparison of
loss or gain through it. The U-value is a solar heat it transmits. glass types against each other as glass
combined measure of the conductive, only performance results (indicated as
convective and non-solar radiative transfer Ug, Ucog or Uglass and SHGCg, SHGCcog
VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE
through the glazing or glass. The rate or SHGCglass). While these glass only
of heat for a glazing system is indicated performances are useful for comparing
The Visible Transmittance (Tv) (expressed
in terms of the U-value, including the glass on a like-for-like basis, they cannot
as Tvw for window systems and Tvg, Tvcog
effect of the frame, glass, seals and be used for compliance with the NCC,
or Tvglass for glass only) measures the
any spacers. The lower the U-value, the BASIX or NatHERS as they all require
amount of light visible to the human eye
greater the product’s resistance to heat values for the entire window system.
that passes through a window system or
flow and the better its insulating value.
glass. The Tv is expressed as a number
between 0 and 1. The lower a window’s ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF WINDOW
SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT Tv, the less light the product transmits. SYSTEMS
Low Tv can mean that the low internal light
The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient for levels can increase the need for artificial Due to the significant impacts of
windows (expressed as SHGCw for lighting. the framing system on the thermal
window systems and SHGCg, SHGCcog performance of a glazing system, the
or SHGCglass for glass only) measures whole of window system performance
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF GLASS
how readily heat from direct sunlight flows (indicated as Uw and SHGCw) should be
through a window system or glass. The compared when selecting products.
When selecting glass to be used in a
SHGC is the fraction of incident solar
window system it is useful to understand
radiation admitted through a product, The Window Energy Rating Scheme
the performance of the glass on its
directly transmitted as well as absorbed (WERS) website lists many performance
own. For this reason, many glass
and subsequently released inward. SHGC results for glazing systems that can be
manufacturers publish glass performance
is expressed as a number between 0 and used by WERS members for compliance
32
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
ENERGY EFFICIENT GLAZING VERSION 2
with the NCC. For compliance purposes, different assessment methods that allow Selecting windows that are appropriate for
the glazing must be assessed for the full assessment of buildings including: the specific climate in which the building
the combined effect of glass and is being built is very important. While every
• For Residential Buildings:
frame according to the protocols and building will be different and may require
procedures of the Australian Fenestration –– The NCC Glazing Calculator – different levels of performance, there are
Rating Council (AFRC). Volume 2 some simple rules that can be applied in
–– The NatHERS Accredited order to maximise the performance of the
Software building.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
∙∙ AccuRate
As the U-value is a measure of the amount
Energy efficiency of buildings has been ∙∙ FirstRate
of warmth that is able to pass through the
a key part of the NCC in Australia since ∙∙ BERS Pro glazing in both directions, the lower the
2003 as a way to improve the quality
–– BASIX (NSW Only) U-value the better the performance of the
of buildings and to reduce the impact
• For Commercial Buildings: glazing. Therefore, no matter the location
of building stock on greenhouse gas
of the building in Australia, a low U-value
emissions. The requirements for building –– The NCC Glazing Calculator
will always out perform a high U-value.
performance are set out in the NCC
under: Each of the tools require that the glazing
performance is input for every window The SHGC that is best for each building
• NCC Volume 1 Section J for Building on each elevation of the building in order will depend on a number of different
Classes 2-9 to determine that the overall building considerations including the location
• NCC Volume 2 Part 3.12 performance meets the requirements and design of the building. SHGCs vary
specified in the NCC. Once a compliant for different climates due to the need to
The performance requirements for building has been achieved, then the allow or restrict solar gain - which can be
buildings in Australia do not specify the performance of the window systems must beneficial in cold climates and detrimental
minimum performance of windows but be met in order to prove compliance with in hot climates.
rely on a building modelling method to the NCC.
account for climate variation and to allow In general, for cold climates, such as
products to be tailored. There are many alpine regions including Melbourne,
A GUIDE TO SELECTION Canberra and Tasmania, the SHGC
should be as high as possible to maximise
passive heat gain. This allows free heat
from the sun to enter the building thus
reducing energy use, especially on
northern orientations. It should be noted,
however, that while many climates in
Australia are predominantly cold, they
SUMMER SUN PATH
often experience a number of high
temperature days throughout the year
and ensuring that the summer sun is
not admitted during these times is also
important.
33
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
ENERGY EFFICIENT GLAZING VERSION 2
building should incorporate low SHGC to CONDENSATION ON GLAZING While reducing the sources of humidity
block solar gain from summer sun as the within a building and ventilating the space
sun rises and sets. Condensation on glazing occurs when the to allow humidity to escape are the
surface temperature of the glazing is low easiest methods to reduce condensation,
For the most efficient outcomes, the and the interior of the room is warm and high performance glazing, such as double
glazing and building design should be has high relative humidity. Condensation glazing, and thermally efficient window
considered together with shading features is complex and is not generally a problem frames can also help. By increasing the
such as eaves facilitating the shading of with a window system, but rather is due performance of the glazing, the internal
the windows when solar gains are not to the high level of humidity caused by the temperature can be kept closer to room
required and allowing them when solar lack of ventilation in the room or house. temperature and therefore above the dew
gain is preferential. point (when warm humid air condenses
Relative humidity is a function of moisture into liquid on the surface of the glazing).
in the air and temperature; warm air holds
Further information can be found on the more moisture. That means that if the The best systems include thermally
AWA Guide to Window Selection and the glazing is colder than the surrounding air, efficient frames such as timber, uPVC,
Your Home website. the moisture in that air condenses when it thermally broken aluminium and
comes into contact with the cold surface. composite materials. Glass should also be
If not adequately ventilated, normal living considered and single pane glass should
(including tumble dryers, bathrooms, gas be avoided as its surface temperature will
heaters and cooking) adds to the relative be much lower than that of an IGU.
humidity.
34
Origami House, Hawthorn, VIC
Source: European Window Co.
35
Sydney Rush Hour
Source: Shutterstock
36
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
Congestion and noise pollution are Improving the sound insulation of windows
160 increasing as development spreads further helps to reduce the level of external noise.
12-Gauge Shotgun 160
150
into the countryside and densities become The larger the glazed area, the greater
140
higher in urban areas. Add to these a the sound transmission through the
140 Jet Takeoff
general desire among homeowners to get window. The level of noise reduction will
130
124 Pneumatic Riveter
away from it all in their home by blocking be dependent on the area of glazing that
120
114
out the outside world as much as possible is treated. The noise transfer through and
110 Hammer Drill
Chainsaw 110
105 Rock Concert
and you see consumers turning more to around windows can be reduced by using
100
Motorcycle 100
97 Tractor
their windows, which were traditionally thicker and/or laminated glazing, a double
90
Lawn Mower 90
78 City Traffic overlooked. glazed system and high quality window
Vacuum Cleaner 80
80 perimeter seals.
70 The National Construction Code (NCC)
Conversation 65
60 requires a level of sound insulation that
60 Air Conditioning Unit
MEASUREMENT OF SOUND
Floor Fan 50
50 represents the minimum acceptable
40 45 Electrical Transformer
building standards, as determined by
Refrigerator Hum 40 The decibel (dB) is the unit used to
30 wide consultation with the community and
Rustling Leaves 30 measure the intensity of a sound. The
20 industry. An owner or designer can always
decibel scale is logarithmic; each 10 dB
Pin Falling 15
10 go higher than the NCC requirements if
increase in sound corresponds to a
they choose.
perceived doubling of the loudness.
It is becoming more commonplace for
Rw represents the Weighted Sound
Figure 30 Decibel Scale building designers and homeowners to
Reduction Index. This is a single number
Source: Australian Fenestration want to know the acoustic ratings for
rating for the insulation property of a
Training Institute standard windows and some projects
window for airborne sound. It is based on
have acoustic specifications written into
an average reduction across a range of
them now. A significant portion of that
frequencies in the audible range (between
interest comes from projects near airports
100 Hz to 3.159 kHz).
that has boosted interest and demand
generally.
In some cases, Rw+Ctr is specified.
The Ctr factor adjusts for low frequency
When designing or modifying a window,
sounds, such as road traffic noise, that
the work must comply with the NCC
are transmitted through materials more
and consideration should be given to
readily than higher frequencies. The
the desired reduction of outside noise.
higher the Rw value, the better the sound
Construction that reduces external noise
insulation achieved. The Rw correlates
must be designed to ensure that it is
in a general way to decibels of sound
integrated with all other requirements such
reduction.
as energy efficiency.
37
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
ACOUSTIC GLAZING FOR NOISE ATTENUATION VERSION 2
30
6 mm solid
25
20
15
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000
Frequency (Hz)
38
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
ACOUSTIC GLAZING FOR NOISE ATTENUATION VERSION 2
Figure 33 Acoustic Double Glazing Figure 34 Acoustic Properties of Acoustic Laminate Glass
Source: Capral Aluminium Source: Australian Fenestration Training Institute
HIGH PERFORMANCE SOLUTIONS The thicker pane targets lower frequency glass have provided an improvement in
sounds like a neighbour’s stereo or traffic acoustic performance. Acoustic laminates
A variety of high performance solutions noise. The thinner pane targets higher have a thicker (0.52 mm) specialised
are available and can be tailored to suit frequency sounds like screaming and interlayer than is commonly used and
different applications. For specific or jet aircraft. This leads to a reduction in provide some improvement over standard
high level noise problems, an acoustics amplitude (loudness) across a wider laminates. These interlayers are most
engineer can provide a solution. The spectrum of frequencies and the result is effective when used with dissimilar glass
acoustic engineer assesses the level a significantly higher acoustic rating than thicknesses.
and types of noise affecting the building for a window with standard glazing. The
and specifies the appropriate acoustic thicker glass should be about 40 per cent
NOISE REDUCTION BY GLASS TYPE
performance requirements. thicker than the thinner glass to have the
most benefit.
Table 3 shows the indicative noise
A common misunderstanding is that
reduction for various options compared to
double glazing is effective at attenuating Recent technological advances in the
3 mm glass.
noise. However, studies have shown manufacture of the interlayer of laminated
that ordinary double glazing with a
standard gap of about 12 mm does
not substantially improve the acoustic Table 3 Noise Reduction by Glass Type
performance. This gap is too small Source: Australian Window Association
to provide any real benefit. The most
effective solution is to increase the
Voice Noise Reduction % Traffic Noise Reduction %
gap between the two panes to at least
100 mm. This is most commonly referred 6.38 mm laminated glass 13 6.38 mm laminated glass 24
to as secondary glazing, as it often
involves two separate window frames. 10 mm glass 24 10 mm glass 38
Another solution is to use two pieces 10.38 mm laminated glass 29 10.38 mm laminated glass 43
of glass (either in an IGU or Laminate) 4 mm/12 mm gap/6.38 mm
with each pane a different thickness. For 4 mm/12 mm gap/6 mm 19 46
laminated glass
instance, one pane might be 4 mm and
the other 6 mm. Each pane in a dissimilar 10 mm/12 mm gap/6 mm 34 6 mm/100 mm gap/4 mm 57
glass unit will block different sound
6.38 mm laminated/8 mm
frequencies. Figure 34 illustrates sound 46
gap/4 mm
as it travels through the dissimilar glasses.
39
Bushfire at Night
Source: Shutterstock/Daniel Mitchell
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
GLAZING IN
BUSHFIRE PRONE
AREAS
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLAZING IN BUSHFIRE PRONE AREAS VERSION 2
BAL Minimum Thickness and Type of Glazing Frame Material Screening Requirements
BAL-Low No specific requirements.
Low-level framing must be:
• Bushfire-resistant timber Screens for windows and
(Appendix F), or doors shall have a mesh
Low-level glazing shall be Grade A safety glass, or perforated sheet with a
BAL-12.5 • Timber species as specified in
minimum 4 mm thickness. maximum aperture of 2 mm,
paragraph E2, Appendix E, or made of corrosion-resistant
• Metal, or steel, bronze or aluminium.
• Metal-reinforced uPVC.
Low-level framing must be:
• Bushfire-resistant timber Screens for windows and
Low-level glazing shall be toughened glass,
(Appendix F), or doors shall have a mesh
minimum 5 mm thickness.
or perforated sheet with a
BAL-19 • Timber species as specified in maximum aperture of 2 mm,
Glazing above 400 mm may be annealed, but if so, paragraph E2, Appendix E, or made of corrosion-resistant
must be protected by an external screen. • Metal, or steel, bronze or aluminium.
• Metal-reinforced uPVC.
Windows: Glazing shall be toughened glass of a
minimum 5 mm thickness. Low-level glazing must
be protected by an external screen. All framing must be: Screens for windows and
doors shall have a mesh
• Bushfire-resistant timber
Hinged Doors: Glazing shall be toughened glass of or perforated sheet with a
BAL-29 (Appendix F), or
a minimum 6 mm thickness. Low-level glazing must maximum aperture of 2 mm,
be protected by an external screen. • Metal, or made of corrosion-resistant
• Metal-reinforced uPVC. steel, bronze or aluminium.
Sliding Doors: Glazing shall be toughened glass of
a minimum 6 mm thickness.
Windows: Glazing shall be toughened glass of a
minimum 5 mm thickness. Low-level glazing must
be protected by an external screen. Screens for windows and
doors shall have a mesh
Hinged Doors: Glazing shall be toughened glass of or perforated sheet with a
BAL-40 a minimum 6 mm thickness. Low-level glazing must All framing must be metal. maximum aperture of 2 mm,
be protected by an external screen. made of corrosion-resistant
steel or bronze. Aluminium
Sliding Doors: Glazing shall be toughened glass mesh cannot be used.
of a minimum 6 mm thickness. All glazing must be
protected by an external screen.
BAL-FZ Glazing system (including frame, glass and screening) must be tested to AS 1530.8.2.
NOTE: Where double-glazed units are used, the glazing BAL TESTING
requirements provided in this standard apply to the
external face of the window assembly only. Systems tested to AS 1530.8.1 may be used for all levels up to
and inclusive of the BAL level achieved.
Low-level glazing is any glass within 400 mm of the
ground, decks, carport roofs, awnings or similar Systems tested to AS 1530.8.2 may be used for all BAL levels.
horizontal (or near horizontal) elements.
Even if any material, element of construction or system satisfies
the test criteria without screening for ember protection, screening
of openable parts of windows or doors is still required.
42
BAL 29 and BAL 40 Windows used in Righetti Lane Project, Yandoit, VIC
Source: Stegbar
43
Window Installation with a Vacuum Lift
Source: Shutterstock
44
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
GLASS INSTALLATION
45
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS INSTALLATION VERSION 2
Eye protection
Gauntlet/forearm
protection
Long sleeves
Apron/torso protection
Long pants
Cut/slip
resistant gloves
Safety boots
46
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS INSTALLATION VERSION 2
One of the basic and most important to be absorbed by the sealant without DRY GLAZING
characteristics of any joint sealant is its undue and adverse effect on the whole
adhesion. Adhesion is the ability of a glazing system. Dry glazing typically has two forms,
sealant to stick to the interface of the channel and wedge.
joint. Hence, a sealant should exhibit Surface preparation is critical to sealant
good adhesive qualities without either adhesion and long-term success of the Channel glazing, sometimes referred
chemically attacking or reacting to the joint. It is even more critical for structural to as wrap-around glazing, is a method
contact surfaces of the joint. Adhesion glazing as, if the sealant does not stick, of glazing that is common in residential
can be achieved by the use of a natural the results can be disastrous. Although window and door systems, such as sliding
adhesive base polymer or adhesive sealant application seems easy, it is patio doors, and sashes in sliding, awning
promoters incorporated in the compound. critical to apply the sealant correctly. The and double hung windows with monolithic
This may be supplemented at the time of steps to correctly apply sealant are: glass. It is not commonly used with
application by using special prime coats or IGUs due to the tendency for the rubber
1. The sealant must be applied
surface conditioners. Obviously, the use of channel to hold moisture which may
immediately after cleaning/priming.
base polymers with inherent adhesion is cause deterioration and premature failure
Wait too long and dust will collect
preferred as they lend themselves to ease of the sealed IGU.
and contaminate the frames. This
of application and enhance the life span of
is critical for site work or industrial
the product. An extruded PVC or synthetic rubber
environments.
U-channel is wrapped around the edges
It is essential that the seal be absolutely 2. The sealant is applied by pushing of the glass and usually joined at the
water-tight when subjected to heavy rains a bead of sealant forward into the top centre of the glass. The corners are
associated with high wind velocities. joint cavity. Pulling the gun is not partly slit to make the 90 degree turn. The
Normal penetration of rain through recommended as the sealant tends extruded aluminium frame members are
walls is easily detected, as there is a to get laid over the joint rather than then forced onto the channel and screwed
general flooding of sills, walls and floors pushed into it. together at the corners. The advantage of
with attendant staining and damage to 3. Completely fill the joint. this system is that it is fast, effective and
finishes. Partial rain penetration is seldom 4. Tool immediately. the framed lite is then ready to be installed
recognised but has latent effects. It can into the outer frame.
cause the deterioration, and accelerated
failure, of factory sealed IGUs and
possible glass breakage due to the
corrosion of the surrounding framework.
47
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS INSTALLATION VERSION 2
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS INSTALLATION VERSION 2
Sealant
Sealant Glass
Glass
Backing Rod
Setting Block
Frame Extrusion
Wet glazing sealants are materials such Butt-joint glazing is a method of installing supported glass than glass of the same
as polysulphides, silicones, urethanes, glass to provide wide horizontal areas thickness and size supported on four
acrylics and other synthetic polymers. of vision without the interruption of edges.
They cure to a resilient state by chemical vertical framing members. It utilises a
reaction with external forces, such as number of individual glass panes that are Precise levelling of the sill is important
temperature and humidity, or by solvent conventionally glazed at the head and sill, and provision must be made at the head
release. They should be used as a using wet or dry glazing methods, to form for deflection of the structure. The vertical
gunned-in-place glazing sealant or as a a continuous span of glazing with vertical glass edges must be ground with a slight
cap bead. Surfaces must be clean, dry glass-to-glass joints. The adjoining vertical arriss and should also be polished for the
and, if necessary, primed in accordance glass edges are spaced slightly apart and most acceptable finish.
with the manufacturer’s instructions. sealed with a silicone sealant. The sealant
Ambient temperatures must be within the serves only as a weather stop at the Insulating glass units are not suitable
manufacturer’s specified range during the vertical joints; therefore, this vertical glass for butt-joint glazing because when the
time of application and cure. and sealant joint are not structural. glass deflects, the sealants are placed
in extreme shear along the unsupported
Wet glazing sealants are generally The design and execution of satisfactory edge between the glass and spacer.
classified as either structural or non- butt-joint glazing requires more attention Typically, insulating glass manufacturers
structural. Structural sealants are used to detail at every stage than does a do not warrant their products in this
when the sealant itself is the primary conventional system with vertical framing application.
means of securing the glass in place as members. The glass is supported on
it adheres the glass to the supporting only two edges (usually head and sill) Glass and sealant manufacturers’
framing members. Where mechanical and therefore design load charts for recommendations for edge treatment,
fixings are used, non-structural sealants four-edge support are not valid. Glass specific sealant, use of primers and
may be used. deflection and stress under design load construction (sealing) of the butt-joint must
will be substantially greater for two-edge be followed exactly.
49
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS INSTALLATION VERSION 2
STRUCTURAL SILICONE GLAZING apply the structural sealant can result in blocks should be at least 3 mm wider than
premature failure of the structural sealant. the glass thickness.
Structural silicone glazing is not to be
confused with butt-joint glazing or wet IGUs used in structural silicone glazing Edge blocking for casement windows
glazing. Structural silicone glazing systems applications must be fabricated with a and doors is a common practice and
utilise structural silicone sealant as the structural silicone secondary sealant. can be acceptable as long as the glass
means of attachment for support of one Polysulfide, polyurethane or hot melt butyl edges are not excessively loaded.
or more edges of the glass and requires should not be used in this application. The Excessive pressure on the glass edge
special considerations. Continual close insulating glass fabricator must be advised can lead to glass breakage or seal failure
attention must be given to all details of the that the units are to be used in a structural due to pressure points and mechanical
installation. silicone application and should review and bending stresses imposed upon the glass
approve the glazing details on the shop (for example, frame movement during
Only certain silicone sealants can be used drawings. operation).
or are generally approved by the sealant
industry for structural applications. Joint This can also impair the sealant
SETTING BLOCKS
size should be designed for structural performance if the pressure is such
loads. Consultation and cooperation with that the glass movement occurs in a
Glass should be set on two identical
the sealant supplier is critical. magnitude sufficient to shear or distort the
neoprene, EPDM, silicone or other
sealants. An allowable load on the edge
compatible elastomeric setting blocks
The structural sealant must be tested for of insulating glass used for casement
having a Shore A Durometer hardness of
compatibility with all other sealants or windows and doors would be that for
85 ± 5. The preferred location is centred
accessory materials (gaskets, spacers, each block the load applied is less
at the quarter points of the sill supporting
backer rods, weather seal, setting blocks, than half of the total glass weight of the
frame. In some cases, it may be
metal finishes, glass coatings, etc.) that insulating glass unit.
necessary and/or acceptable to move the
the structural sealant will contact.
setting blocks equally toward the corners
The design of the frames for casement
of the lite as far as the one-eighth points.
The structural silicone sealant must be windows and doors should ensure that
tested for adhesion with the substrates the frame is supporting the glass and the
Locating the setting blocks less than
that it must adhere to on a project specific glass is not supporting the frame. The use
150 mm from the corner of the glass may
basis. The surface preparation and sealant of blocking prevents impact of the glass
introduce additional stresses to the glass
application procedures (solvent cleaning, edges against the frame during movement
and to the insulating glass seals. The
priming, masking, cure time, etc.) supplied of the frame supporting the glass and
proper sizing and design of the setting
by the structural silicone supplier must be keeps the glass properly positioned within
blocks ensures the glass bears fully on
followed fully. Failure to properly prepare the glazing system.
them, yet allows water passage to the
the structural surfaces or to properly
weep holes. The width of the setting
W/4 W/4
W/8
Width (W) Width (W)
50
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS INSTALLATION VERSION 2
51
Glass Sheet Exiting Processing Treatment
Source: G.James
52
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
GLASS CUTTING
AND PROCESSING
53
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS CUTTING AND PROCESSING VERSION 2
Glass processing includes edgework, Table 6 Glass Edge Types and Applications
holes and cut-outs. Edgework usually Source: Australian Window Association
occurs where one or more edges of the
glazing are exposed (to remove the sharp
Edge Diagram Description Typical Application
edges of clean cut glass and also for
decorative purposes). Ground
Silicone structural
Flat Ground
glazing with exposed edges
Ground
Ground
Silicone structural glazing where
Flat Polish edge condition is critical for
Polished aesthetic purposes
Silicone structural
Ground Mitre
glazing
Ground
5º Angle
Seamed
Figure 46 Glass Processing Machine:
FOREL Vertical Edging Normal edge treatment
Machine Seamed Edges
for heat-treated glass
Source: Overseas Glass Natural Cut
Agencies
54
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
GLASS CUTTING AND PROCESSING VERSION 2
Figure 47 Glass Processing Machine: CMS Futura P Glass Flat Wire Grinding Machine
A double straight edging machine with automatic loading and unloading systems, plus automatic paper interleaver.
Source: SCM Group Australia
55
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
57
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
DEFECTS IN GLASS
FEATHERING
58
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
59
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
THERMAL STRESS
GLASS BREAKAGE
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A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
ON-SITE PROTECTION It is recommended that glass be installed. The coated surface can be
protected from any contamination caused susceptible to stains and scratches
In order to avoid damage to the finished by building materials and/or methods and therefore requires vigilance during
surfaces, the glass should not be marked used during construction as this greatly the entire construction process.
or have anything attached directly to the simplifies the glass cleaning task at the • Glass installations which are adjacent
exposed glass or framing surfaces. end of the project. If the glass is not to concrete (for example, concrete
protected during construction, the glass slab floors) require extra care and
Paint, concrete, mortar, plaster, drywall and frames should be cleaned frequently cleaning due to the abrasive nature of
spackle or other similar materials can during construction. concrete dust.
stain, etch or pit glass or metal surfaces if
• The cleaning of toughened glass
allowed to harden on them. Construction
CLEANING requires special care. The glass
dust, leachate from concrete and rusting
surface opposite the standards
from steel can combine with dew or
This information is offered as a general compliance stamp may, as a
condensation to form chemicals that
guide only. Specific advice on the cleaning consequence of the manufacturing
can etch or stain glass and metal. Such
of glass should always be sought from process, have ‘pickup’ on the
materials should be immediately flushed
the glass manufacturer or professional surface. ‘Pickup’ is a deposit of
from the glass or metal with clean water
window cleaner before any glass cleaning very small particles of glass which
or a suitable solvent. During construction,
is undertaken. are fused to the glass surface. A
glass and metal should be cleaned
cleaning method which does not
frequently by trained professionals. Glass • To clean most glass, simply wipe
dislodge these particles should be
should be cleaned in accordance with the over the surface with a few drops of
employed otherwise scratching of
glass manufacturer’s instructions. methylated spirits on a damp cloth
the glass surface may result. Blades
and then polish the surface dry with a
or scrapers have been known to
An alternate method is to protect the lint free cloth.
dislodge ‘pickup’ from the glass
glass with a sheet of plastic or protective • Ensure that all the cleaning cloths are surface. A soft cloth should be used.
film. If protective films are used, the film free of any abrasive substances.
manufacturer should be consulted for • Do not use cleaners that contain
• Avoid causing extreme temperature hydrofluoric or phosphoric acid
confirmation of material compatibility,
changes as this may lead to thermal as they are corrosive to the glass
assurance against the adhesive staining
fracture of the glass (do not direct hot surface.
or etching of glass and guidelines for the
or cold water onto glass).
maximum duration of adhesion to the • Do not clean the glass when the glass
glass surface. Some glass types, particularly Low-E is hot or in direct sunlight.
varieties, may have special cleaning • Do not allow cleaning solutions to
Welding, sandblasting or acid washing in instructions. In these cases, always contact the edges of laminated glass,
the vicinity of the metal framing or glass follow the manufacturers’ recommended Insulating Glass Units or mirrors.
can cause unsightly damage to both, as instructions to avoid any damage to the • Do not store or place other material
well as reduce the strength of the glass. glass surface. in contact with the glass. (This can
Heavy tarpaulins or plywood should be
damage the glass or create a heat
used for protection. Immediately after
NOTES trap leading to thermal breakage).
an acid washing, the glass must be
flushed with clean water. Contact with • Abrasive cleaners, powder based
• Glass should be cleaned using only
hydrochloric or hydrofluoric acid will cleaners, scouring pads or other
cleaning materials that are free of grit
etch glass if not promptly removed. If harsh materials should not be used
and debris (to avoid scratching and
any welding is to take place above or to clean windows or other glass
marking of the glass surface).
near glass, the glass surfaces should be products.
• Only detergents and cleaning
protected with plywood or other suitable • Some tapes or adhesives can stain or
solutions that are recommended for
material to reduce the likelihood of weld damage glass surfaces. Avoid using
cleaning glass should be used.
splatter damaging the glass surface(s). these materials unless they are known
• Extra care is required where high to be easily removed.
performance reflective glass is
61
Australia Towers, Sydney Olympic Park, NSW
Source: Breezway
62
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
APPENDIX A:
GLASS THICKNESS
GUIDE TABLES FOR WIND
RATINGS ONLY
These tables are for the selection of glass as determined by the wind rating nominated
for a window project. They do not incorporate all wind ratings but are a representative
guide to those most typically used. For further reference see AS 2047:2014,
AS 4055:2012 and AS/NZS 1170.2.
Glass thickness requirements are based on both the Serviceability and Ultimate wind
pressures.
Each Table has two parts. The first for general wall conditions and the second for corner
wind loads.
These tables are not a substitute for AS 1288 and more accurate figures may be
achieved through the use of Sections 3 and 4 of the standard. Proprietary industry
glass and glazing software may also result in a more accurate or cost effective solution.
KEY 3 mm 15 mm
4 mm 16 mm
5 mm 19 mm
6 mm 20 mm
8 mm 24 mm
10 mm 25 mm
12 mm
63
64
GENERAL CORNER
Table 1 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 400 Pa SLS / 600 Pa ULS Table 1 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 400 Pa SLS / 900 Pa ULS
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
600 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 600 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 750 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
900 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 900 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4
1050 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
1200 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1350 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
N1 1500 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1500 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 N1
1650 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1650 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1800 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1950 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1950 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2100 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2100 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2250 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2250 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2400 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2400 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
2550 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2550 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
2700 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2700 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
GENERAL CORNER
Table 2 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 400 Pa SLS / 900 Pa ULS Table 2 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 1300 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
600 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 600 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
750 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 750 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
900 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 900 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4
1050 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
1200 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1350 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
N2 1500 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1500 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 N2
1650 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1650 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1800 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
1950 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1950 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
2100 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2100 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
2250 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2250 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
2400 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 2400 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6
2550 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 2550 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6
3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 6
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
2700 2700
GENERAL CORNER
Table 3 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 1400 Pa ULS Table 3 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
600 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 600 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 750 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
900 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 900 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4
1050 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5
1200 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
1350 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
N3 1500 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 1500 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 N3
1650 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 1650 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1800 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6
1950 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1950 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6
2100 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 2100 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8
2250 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 2250 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8
2400 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 2400 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8
2550 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 2550 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8
2700 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 2700 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8
GENERAL CORNER
Table 4 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2000 Pa ULS Table 4 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 3000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
600 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 600 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5
750 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 750 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5
900 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 900 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6
1050 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 1050 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6
1200 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1200 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6
1350 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 1350 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8
N4 1500 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 1500 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 N4
1650 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 1650 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 1800 3 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
1950 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 1950 3 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8
2100 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 2100 3 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8
2250 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 2250 3 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10
2400 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 2400 3 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10
2550 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 2550 3 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10
2700 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 2700 3 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
65
66
GENERAL CORNER
Table 5 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 3000 Pa ULS Table 5 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 1800 Pa SLS / 4500 Pa ULS
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 450 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
600 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 600 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 6
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 750 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8
900 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 900 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 8 8 8
1050 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 1050 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8
1200 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 1200 3 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8
1350 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 1350 3 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10
N5 1500 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 1500 3 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 N5
1650 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 1650 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 3 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 1800 4 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 10
1950 3 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 1950 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10
2100 3 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 2100 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12
2250 3 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 2250 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12
2400 3 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 2400 4 5 6 8 10 10 12 12 12 12
2550 3 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 2550 4 5 6 8 10 10 12 12 12 15
2700 3 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 2700 4 5 6 8 10 10 12 12 15 15
GENERAL CORNER
Table 6 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 1600 Pa SLS / 4000 Pa ULS Table 6 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 2500 Pa SLS / 6000 Pa ULS
450 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 450 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6
600 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 600 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8
750 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 750 3 4 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8
900 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 900 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 10 10
1050 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 1050 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 10 10
1200 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 1200 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
1350 3 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 1350 4 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 10
N6 1500 3 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 1500 4 5 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 N6
1650 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 1650 4 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 12 12
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 1800 4 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 12
1950 4 5 6 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 1950 4 6 8 8 10 12 12 12 12 12
2100 4 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 2100 4 6 8 10 10 12 12 15 15 15
2250 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 2250 4 6 8 10 10 12 15 15 15 15
2400 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 2400 4 6 8 10 10 12 15 15 15 15
2550 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 2550 4 6 8 10 12 12 15 15 19 19
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
2700 4 5 6 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 2700 4 6 8 10 12 12 15 19 19 19
GENERAL CORNER
Table 7 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 1800 Pa ULS Table 7 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2700 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
600 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 600 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 750 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5
900 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 900 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
1050 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6
1200 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 1200 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6
1350 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1350 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6
C1 1500 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 1500 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 C1
1650 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 1650 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 1800 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8
1950 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 1950 3 4 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8
2100 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 2100 3 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
2250 3 4 4 5 4 5 5 6 6 6 2250 3 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8
2400 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 2400 3 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 10
2550 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 2550 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10
2700 3 4 4 5 6 5 6 6 8 8 2700 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10
GENERAL CORNER
Table 8 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2700 Pa ULS Table 8 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 4000 Pa ULS
450 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 450 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5
600 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 600 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
750 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 750 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6
900 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 900 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8
1050 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 1050 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8
1200 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 1200 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8
1350 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 1350 3 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8
C2 1500 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 1500 3 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 C2
1650 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 1650 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 1800 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 10 10
1950 3 4 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 1950 4 5 6 6 8 8 10 10 10 10
2100 3 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 2100 4 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 10
2250 3 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 2250 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12
2400 3 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 10 2400 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12
2550 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 2550 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12
3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 4 5 6 8 10 10 10 12 12 12
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
2700 2700
67
68
GENERAL CORNER
Table 9 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 4000 Pa ULS Table 9 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 1800 Pa SLS / 5900 Pa ULS
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 300 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 450 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
600 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 600 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 8
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 750 3 4 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 8
900 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 900 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 10 10
1050 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 1050 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 10 10
1200 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 1200 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 10
1350 3 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 1350 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
C3 1500 3 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 1500 4 5 6 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 C3
1650 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 1650 4 5 8 8 10 10 10 10 12 12
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 1800 4 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 12
1950 4 5 6 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 1950 4 6 8 8 10 12 12 12 12 12
2100 4 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 2100 4 6 8 10 10 12 12 15 15 15
2250 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 2250 4 6 8 10 10 12 15 15 15 15
2400 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 2400 4 6 8 10 10 12 15 15 15 15
2550 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 2550 4 6 8 10 12 12 15 15 15 19
2700 4 5 6 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 2700 4 6 8 10 12 12 15 19 19 19
GENERAL CORNER
Table 10 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 1600 Pa SLS / 5300 Pa ULS Table 10 Glass Thickness: Monolithic Annealed Glass @ 2500 Pa SLS / 8000 Pa ULS
450 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 450 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6
600 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 600 4 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8
750 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 750 4 5 5 6 6 8 10 10 10 10
900 4 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 900 4 6 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12
1050 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 10 1050 4 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 12 12
1200 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 1200 4 6 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 12
1350 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 1350 4 6 8 10 10 10 10 12 12 12
C4 1500 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 1500 4 6 8 10 12 12 12 12 12 15 C4
1650 4 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 1650 5 6 8 10 12 12 12 12 15 15
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 5 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 1800 5 6 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 15
1950 4 5 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 12 1950 5 6 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 15
2100 4 5 8 8 10 12 12 12 12 12 2100 5 6 10 12 15 15 19 19 19 19
2250 4 5 8 10 10 12 12 12 15 15 2250 5 6 10 12 15 15 19 19 19 19
2400 4 6 8 10 10 12 12 15 15 15 2400 5 8 10 12 15 15 19 19 19 19
2550 4 6 8 10 10 12 12 15 15 15 2550 5 8 10 12 15 15 19 25 25 25
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
2700 4 6 8 10 10 12 12 15 15 15 2700 5 8 10 12 15 15 19 25 25 25
GENERAL CORNER
Table 11 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 400 Pa SLS / 600 Pa ULS Table 11 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 900 Pa ULS
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
N1 1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 N1
1650 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1650 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1800 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1950 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1950 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2100 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2100 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2250 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2250 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2400 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2400 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2550 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2550 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2700 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2700 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
GENERAL CORNER
Table 12 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 400 Pa SLS / 900 Pa ULS Table 12 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 1300 Pa ULS
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
N2 1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 N2
1650 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1650 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1800 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1950 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1950 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2100 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2100 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2250 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2250 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6
2400 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2400 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6
2550 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2550 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
2700 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2700 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
69
70
GENERAL CORNER
Table 13 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 1400 Pa ULS Table 13 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2000 Pa ULS
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
N3 1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 N3
1650 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1650 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1800 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6
1950 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1950 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8
2100 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 2100 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8
2250 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2250 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8
2400 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2400 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8
2550 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2550 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8
2700 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2700 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8
GENERAL CORNER
Table 14 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2000 Pa ULS Table 14 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 3000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6
1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8
1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1350 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8
N4 1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 1500 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 8 N4
1650 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 1650 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 1800 5 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8
1950 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 1950 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8
2100 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 2100 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 10
2250 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 2250 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10
2400 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 2400 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10
2550 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 2550 5 5 5 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 5 5 5 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
2700 2700
GENERAL CORNER
Table 15 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 3000 Pa ULS Table 15 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 1800 Pa SLS / 4500 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 750 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8
900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 900 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8
1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 1050 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8
1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 1200 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8
1350 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 1350 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10
N5 1500 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 8 1500 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 N5
1650 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 1650 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 1800 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10
1950 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 1950 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10
2100 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 10 2100 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12
2250 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 2250 5 5 8 8 8 10 10 12 12 12
2400 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 2400 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 12
2550 5 5 5 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 2550 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 16
2700 5 5 5 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 2700 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 16 16
GENERAL CORNER
Table 16 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 1600 Pa SLS / 4000 Pa ULS Table 16 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 2500 Pa SLS / 6000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6
600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 600 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 750 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
900 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 900 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 10 10
1050 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 1050 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 10 10
1200 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 1200 5 5 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
1350 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 1350 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10
N6 1500 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 1500 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 N6
1650 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 1650 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 12 12
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 1800 5 6 8 8 10 12 12 12 12 12
1950 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 1950 5 6 8 10 10 12 12 12 12 12
2100 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 2100 5 6 8 10 10 12 12 16 16 16
2250 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 2250 5 6 8 10 10 12 16 16 16 16
2400 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 2400 5 6 8 10 12 12 16 16 16 16
2550 5 5 6 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 2550 5 6 8 10 12 12 16 16 16 16
2700 5 5 6 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 2700 5 6 8 10 12 12 16 16 16 20
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
71
72
GENERAL CORNER
Table 17 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 1800 Pa ULS Table 17 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2700 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6
1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6
C1 1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1500 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 C1
1650 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 1650 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 1800 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
1950 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 1950 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
2100 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 2100 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8
2250 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 2250 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8
2400 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 2400 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 10
2550 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 2550 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10
2700 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 8 2700 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10
GENERAL CORNER
Table 18 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2700 Pa ULS Table 18 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 4000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6
750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6
900 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 900 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8
1050 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 1050 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8
1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 1200 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8
1350 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 1350 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8
C2 1500 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 1500 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 C2
1650 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 1650 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 10
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 1800 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 10
1950 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 1950 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 10
2100 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 2100 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10
2250 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 2250 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12
2400 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 10 2400 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12
2550 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 2550 5 5 6 8 10 10 10 12 12 12
2700 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 2700 5 5 6 8 10 10 10 12 12 12
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
GENERAL CORNER
Table 19 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 4000 Pa ULS Table 19 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 1800 Pa SLS / 5900 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6
600 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 600 5 5 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 750 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
900 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 900 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10
1050 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 1050 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 10 10
1200 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 1200 5 5 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
1350 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 1350 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10
C3 1500 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 1500 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 C3
1650 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 1650 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 12 12
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 1800 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 12
1950 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 1950 5 6 8 8 10 12 12 12 12 12
2100 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 2100 5 6 8 10 10 12 12 16 16 16
2250 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 2250 5 6 8 10 10 12 16 16 16 16
2400 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 2400 5 6 8 10 10 12 16 16 16 16
2550 5 5 6 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 2550 5 6 8 10 12 12 16 16 16 16
2700 5 5 6 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 2700 5 6 8 10 12 12 16 16 16 20
GENERAL CORNER
Table 20 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 1600 Pa SLS / 5300 Pa ULS Table 20 Glass Thickness: Laminated Annealed Glass @ 2500 Pa SLS / 8000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 300 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 450 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8
600 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 600 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 8
750 5 5 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 750 5 5 6 6 8 8 10 10 10 10
900 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 900 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 12 12
1050 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 10 1050 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 12 12
1200 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 1200 5 6 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 12
1350 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 1350 5 8 8 10 10 10 10 12 12 12
C4 1500 5 5 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 1500 5 8 8 10 12 12 12 12 12 16 C4
1650 5 5 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 1650 5 8 8 10 12 12 12 12 16 16
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 5 5 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 1800 5 8 10 10 16 16 16 16 16 16
1950 5 5 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 12 1950 5 8 10 10 16 16 16 16 16 16
2100 5 5 8 8 10 12 12 12 12 12 2100 5 8 10 12 16 16 16 16 16 16
2250 5 6 8 10 10 12 12 12 16 16 2250 5 8 10 12 16 16 20 20 20 20
2400 5 6 8 10 10 12 12 16 16 16 2400 5 8 10 12 16 16 20 20 20 20
2550 5 6 8 10 10 12 12 16 16 16 2550 5 8 10 12 16 16 20 20 20 20
2700 5 6 8 10 10 12 16 16 16 16 2700 5 8 10 12 16 16 20 20 24 24
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
73
74
GENERAL CORNER
Table 21 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 400 Pa SLS / 600 Pa ULS Table 21 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 900 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
N1 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 N1
1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2400 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2400 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2550 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2550 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2700 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2700 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4
GENERAL CORNER
Table 22 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 400 Pa SLS / 900 Pa ULS Table 22 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 1300 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
N2 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 N2
1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2400 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2400 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2550 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2550 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2700 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2700 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
GENERAL CORNER
Table 23 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 1400 Pa ULS Table 23 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
N3 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 N3
1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2400 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2400 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4
2550 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2550 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
2700 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 2700 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
GENERAL CORNER
Table 24 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2000 Pa ULS Table 24 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 3000 Pa ULS
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
N4 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 N4
1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1950 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5
2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2100 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2250 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
2400 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 2400 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2550 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 2550 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
2700 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 2700 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6
75
76
GENERAL CORNER
Table 25 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 3000 Pa ULS Table 25 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 1800 Pa SLS / 4500 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
N5 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 N5
1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 1650 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 1800 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6
1950 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 1950 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
2100 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 2100 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6
2250 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 2250 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6
2400 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2400 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 8
2550 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 2550 4 4 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
2700 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2700 4 4 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
GENERAL CORNER
Table 26 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 1600 Pa SLS / 4000 Pa ULS Table 26 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 2500 Pa SLS / 6000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 1350 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6
N6 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 1500 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 N6
1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1650 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 1800 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 8
1950 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 1950 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 8
2100 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2100 4 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
2250 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2250 4 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8
2400 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2400 4 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8
2550 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 2550 4 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8
2700 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 2700 4 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 10
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
GENERAL CORNER
Table 27 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 600 Pa SLS / 1800 Pa ULS Table 27 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2700 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
C1 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 C1
1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
2400 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2400 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
2550 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2550 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
2700 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 2700 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
GENERAL CORNER
Table 28 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 800 Pa SLS / 2700 Pa ULS Table 28 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 4000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
C2 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 C2
1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
1950 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 1950 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6
2100 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 2100 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6
2250 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 2250 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
2400 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 2400 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
2550 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 2550 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6
2700 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 2700 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 8
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
77
78
GENERAL CORNER
Table 29 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 1200 Pa SLS / 4000 Pa ULS Table 29 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 1800 Pa SLS / 5900 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
APPENDIX A
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 1350 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6
C3 1500 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 1500 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 C3
1650 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1650 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 1800 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8
1950 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 1950 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8
2100 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 2100 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 8
2250 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2250 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8
2400 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 2400 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8
2550 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 2550 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 8
2700 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 2700 4 4 5 6 8 6 8 8 8 8
GENERAL CORNER
Table 30 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 1600 Pa SLS / 5300 Pa ULS Table 30 Glass Thickness: Toughened Glass @ 2500 Pa SLS / 8000 Pa ULS
Wind Edge 1 (mm) Wind Edge 1 (mm)
Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 Pressure 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 300 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 450 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 600 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
750 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 750 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
900 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 900 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6
1050 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 1050 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6
1200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1200 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8
1350 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 1350 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8
C4 1500 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 1500 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 C4
1650 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 1650 4 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 8
Edge 2 (mm)
Edge 2 (mm)
1800 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 1800 4 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8
1950 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 1950 4 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 8 8
2100 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 2100 4 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10
2250 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 2250 4 4 5 6 6 8 8 10 10 10
2400 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 2400 4 5 5 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
2550 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 2550 4 5 5 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
2700 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8 2700 4 5 5 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
VERSION 2
Australian Window Association
A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association
VERSION 2
APPENDIX B:
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
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APPENDIX C:
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
A Argon
Bleeding
Acoustics windows to reduce heat transfer.
Migration of a liquid to the surface of
The science of sound and sound control. a component or into/onto an adjacent
Arrissed Edge
material.
Acrylic The result of removing sharp edges.
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Chipped Edge on its outside surface. Synonymous with NOTE: A dry seal may not be completely
Visible Transmittance. watertight.
Imperfection due to breakage of a small
fragment from the cut edge of the glass.
Deflection (Centre of Glass) Durometer
Generally this is not serious except in
heat-absorbing glass. Amount of bending movement of the Measurement of hardness of a material
centre of a glass panel perpendicular to (see Shore ‘A’ Hardness). A gauge to
Compatibility the plane of the glass surface under an measure the hardness of an elastomeric
applied load. material.
Ability of two or more materials to exist in
close and permanent association for an
indefinite period with no adverse effect of
one upon the other.
Deflection (Framing Member)
Curtain Wall Two panes of glass separated by an air or (adj) Having the property of returning
gas space to improve insulation against to its original shape and position after
A non-load-bearing window wall that is not heat transfer and/or sound transmission. removal of load; (n) An elastic rubber-like
a panel wall. The air between the glass sheets is dried substance.
and the space is sealed, eliminating
(See Emittance.)
Daylight Opening
Drainage Slots
Emittance
The clear daylight size that is visible
(See Weep Holes.)
through a glazed window pane. Measures the ability of a surface to emit
long-wave infrared radiation, compared
Dry seal
Daylight Transmittance with the emittance of a ‘perfect black
A weather seal between the glass body’, equal to 1.0. The emittance of
Ratio of the amount of light transmitted uncoated, clear glass is 0.84. A very
and frame using foam tapes or gasket
through a window system (glass frame) good Low-Emittance coating will have an
materials.
divided by the amount of light incident
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Windows that are glazed in the factory A support structure consisting of head, Strip or trim surrounding the edge of the
before delivery to site. jambs and sill to form an opening into glass in a window or door that holds the
which glazing or door panels fit. glass in place.
Fenestration
Frequency Glazing Channel
The arrangement of windows and
other openings on the external walls of All sounds can be described by their Three-sided, U-shaped detail into which a
buildings, especially the façade. frequency or their mix of frequencies. glass product is installed and retained.
Sounds have a mix of frequencies that
Fin is peculiar to the nature of the sound Glazing Leg
generator. For example, the sound of a
A piece of glass positioned such as to tiny bell has a mix of predominantly high The portion of the window section which
provide lateral support. frequencies and the sound of a bass drum is used to retain the glass in conjunction
or large truck has a mix of predominantly with the bead.
Finished Floor Level (FFL) lower frequencies. Frequency can be
measured on a scale in units of Hertz (Hz). Glazing Rebate
The position of the finished floor level in
buildings.
G
Part of a frame, the cross-section of which
forms an angle into which the edge of
Fixed Lite glass is glazed.
Gas Fill
An area of window where the glass cannot Glazing Tape
be opened. A process in which argon or krypton is
filled into the cavity of insulating glass to Glazing tape is the material used on the
Fixing improve thermal performance. glazing leg to seal the glass against. Can
be a foam tape or similar.
Any item that is used to secure members
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Light
Hardware is reduced compared with single glass.
Electromagnetic radiation (solar or artificial)
Equipment used in the opening, operating, which is visible to the human eye. Invisible
closing, locking and stopping of sashes. Insulation
radiation (for example, UV or infrared)
Construction materials used for protection should not be called ‘light’.
Head from noise, heat, cold or fire.
K
twice as strong as annealed glass of the increases a window’s ability to insulate
same thickness when exposed to uniform (lower U-value).
static pressure loads. It is not considered
safety glass, but is usually specified where Krypton
thermal stresses are high. Low-E Glass
An inert, non-toxic gas used in insulating
Low-Emissivity glass (Low-E) is a clear
High Rise windows to reduce heat transfer.
glass that has a microscopically thin
coating of metal oxide. This allows the
A multi-storey building.
L sun’s heat and light to pass through the
glass into the building. At the same time,
I Laminated Glass
it blocks heat from leaving the room,
reducing the loss considerably.
Installation
Lapped Glass
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Micron diffusion or decorative effects. Insulating Glass Unit (IGU) and the key
component in restricting moisture vapour
Measurement of length, often used for transmission.
Off-Line Coatings
the wavelength of light. Equal to 10-6
metres. Under the System Internationale In this process a coating is applied under Polysulphide Sealant
(SI) system of units, usage of the term a vacuum to finished cold glass.
‘micrometre’ is preferred. Polysulphide liquid polymer sealant which
On-Line Coatings are mercaptan-terminated, long-chain
Migration aliphatic polymers containing disulphide
The process in which coatings are directly linkages. Can be converted to rubbers at
Spreading or creeping of a constituent of applied to the glass during production room temperature without shrinkage upon
a compound onto/into adjacent surfaces while the glass is still hot in the annealing addition of a curing agent.
(see also Bleeding). lehr.
Polyurethane Sealant
N Operable Window
Reflectance
Obscure Glass
Polyisobutylene
The ratio of reflected radiant energy to
Any textured glass (frosted, etched,
Typically the primary seal in a dual-seal incident radiant energy.
fluted, ground, etc.) used for privacy, light
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frequencies. The higher the number, the casement sash stiles and rails are Toned Glass
less sound transmitted. not considered structural.
Alternative name for tinted glass.
Spacer Frame Structural Silicone Glazing
Toughened Glass
Component of an Insulating Glass Unit Use of a silicone sealant for the structural
(IGU) which maintains the width of space transfer of loads from the glass to its Flat or bent glass that has been heat
between the panes of the unit (see also perimeter support system and retention of treated and quickly air-quenched to create
Air Gap). the glass in the opening. compression in the outer surface and
tension in the interior. If broken, it fractures
into many small pieces. Toughened
Spacers (Shims) System Internationale (SI)
glass is approximately four to five times
Small blocks of neoprene, Ethylene The international measurement system of stronger than annealed glass of the same
Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), metric units used in Australia. thickness when exposed to uniform static
silicone or other suitable material, placed pressure loads and is classified as a
safety glass.
T
on each side of the glass product to
provide glass centering, maintain uniform
width of sealant bead and prevent Transmittance
excessive sealant distortion. Tape Sealant
The percentage of radiation that can
Sealant having a pre-formed shape and pass through glazing. Transmittance
Spandrel
intended to be used in a joint under can be defined for different types of
Panel(s) of a wall located between vision compression. light or energy, for example, visible light
areas of windows that conceal structural transmittance, UV transmittance or total
columns and floors. Tempered Glass solar energy transmittance.
A Low-E coating, on one or more surfaces Test Report A horizontal intermediate framing member
of a glazing, whose optical properties of a window assembly.
vary with wavelength, to transmit visible A report issued by a test laboratory
radiation more than near-infra red and detailing the tests that a window has Triple Glazing
longwave radiation. undergone.
Three panes of glass or plastic with two
Thermal Expansion air spaces between.
Staining
Discoloration of either glass or framing Change in dimension of a material as a Two-Part (Multi-Component) Sealant
material surface caused by alkalis that result of temperature change.
leach from surrounding materials such Product comprised of a base and
as concrete, sealant, pollutants or other Thermal Stress/Failure curing agent or accelerator, necessarily
contaminants. packaged in two separate containers
Where an area of glass directly exposed which are uniformly mixed just prior to
to solar radiation absorbs heat, rises in use.
Stile (Sash)
temperature and expands. The edges of
U
A vertical side member of a sash. glass shielded from the solar radiation
by framing, etc., remain cooler than the
unshielded area. The resulting differential
Stress (Residual)
expansion causes stress, which will, Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)
Any condition of tension or compression should it reach the breaking stress of the
glass, result in fracture. Electromagnetic radiation from the sun,
existing within the glass, particularly due
with wavelengths shorter than visible light
to incomplete annealing, temperature
(i.e. below 380 nanometres).
gradient or inhomogeneity. Tinted Glass
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Z
Rate of heat flow through a window
Weathering
or other building element, driven by
a temperature difference across the (See also Staining.) Attack of a glass
element. Measured as heat flow per surface by atmospheric elements. Zenith
unit area, per degree of temperature
difference. Also called the thermal The point in the sky directly overhead.
Wedges
transmittance or overall heat transfer
coefficient. Reciprocal of thermal Wood (or metal) wedges used to secure
resistance: U = 1/R. the window or door unit in the rough
opening in a plumb, level and square
Weep Holes
Visible Face
(See also Drainage Slots.) Drain holes
Applies to extrusions and describes the
or slots in a sash or framing member to
visible area remaining on the section when
prevent accumulation of condensation and
the section is assembled into a window.
water.
Visible Transmittance
Wind
Fraction of visible radiation transmitted
Displacement of parallel members with
by a glazing system between the limits of
respect to one another.
380 and 770 nm (0.38-0.77 μm (micron,
micrometre)). Weighted according to the
photopic response of the human eye Wind Load
(V-lamdba curve).
The wind pressure in Pascals that the
window has to meet. Wind load varies
Visual Comfort according to location and exposure.
Refers to a set of qualities associated with
the amenity of a window, such as freedom Window Assembly
from glare and excessive contrast.
A complete unit comprising frame,
couplings, sashes, glazing infill panels and
Visible Light hardware.
The portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum that produces light that can be Window Hardware
seen. Wave-lengths range from 380 to
Various devices and mechanisms for
720 nanometres.
the window including catches, fasteners
and locks, hinges, pivots, lifts and pulls,
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LIST OF IMAGES
AND TABLES
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VERSION 2
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AWA GUIDE SERIES
VERSION 5.3