Cabin Operations Safety Best Practices Guide Contents

Introduction
Section 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13

1.1 Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2 Summary of changes............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
1.3 Definitions.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
1.4 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
1.5 Cabin Operations Safety Best Practices Guide ........................................................................................................................... 21
Section 2: IATA Cabin Safety.............................................................................................................................................................. 22
2.1 IATA Cabin Safety Initiatives ............................................................................................................................................................... 22
2.1.1 Cabin Safety Extranet Site .............................................................................................................................................................. 22
2.1.2 Cabin Operations Safety Conference ......................................................................................................................................... 22
2.1.3 Cabin Safety Guidelines ................................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.4 Health and Safety Guidelines ......................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.5 Cabin Safety Data and Analysis .................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.6 IATA Cabin Operations Safety Technical Group (COSTG)................................................................................................... 24
2.1.7 IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA) ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Section 3: Safety Management .......................................................................................................................................................... 26
3.1 Safety Management System (SMS) in Cabin Operations ......................................................................................................... 26
3.2 Safety Risk Management ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.2.1 Risk Assessments in Cabin Operations ..................................................................................................................................... 27
3.2.2 Risk Assessments in Cabin Layout Design and Selection................................................................................................... 28
3.2.3 Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) ......................................................................................................................................... 34
3.3 SMS Training............................................................................................................................................................................................. 36
3.4 Safety Reporting ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
3.4.1 Characteristics of Effective Reports ........................................................................................................................................... 37
3.4.2 Process Flow ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 41
3.4.3 Submission of Reports ..................................................................................................................................................................... 41
3.4.4 Evaluation and Classification of a Report .................................................................................................................................. 42
3.4.5 Closure of Reports ............................................................................................................................................................................. 56
3.4.6 The Value of Effective Cabin Safety Reports ........................................................................................................................... 56
3.5 Documentation ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 57
3.5.1 Document Control.............................................................................................................................................................................. 57
3.5.2 IOSA Table 5.1 – Operations Manual Content Specifications ......................................................................................... 58
Section 4: Fatigue Risk Management ............................................................................................................................................... 59
4.1 Definition of Fatigue ............................................................................................................................................................................... 59
4.1.1 Transient Fatigue ................................................................................................................................................................................ 59
4.1.2 Cumulative Fatigue ............................................................................................................................................................................ 59
4.2 Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) .................................................................................................................................... 59
4.2.1 Stakeholders ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
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4.2.2 Components of a FRMS ................................................................................................................................................................... 60

4.2.3 Fatigue Management Guide for Airline Operators ................................................................................................................. 61
4.2.4 FRMS Policy and Documentation................................................................................................................................................. 61
4.2.5 Fatigue Safety Action Group.......................................................................................................................................................... 61
4.2.6 Fatigue Risk Management Processes ........................................................................................................................................ 61
4.2.7 FRMS Promotion Processes .......................................................................................................................................................... 63
4.2.8 FRMS Training for Operators ......................................................................................................................................................... 63
4.3 Cabin Crew Fatigue ............................................................................................................................................................................... 64
4.3.1 Sleep ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
4.3.2 Contributory Factors ........................................................................................................................................................................ 64
4.3.3 Symptoms and Effects of Fatigue ............................................................................................................................................... 65
4.3.4 Fatigue Preventive Strategies ....................................................................................................................................................... 65
4.3.5 Personal Mitigation Strategies ...................................................................................................................................................... 66
4.3.6 IMSAFE .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 66
4.3.7 Flight Time, Flight Duty Periods and Rest Periods ................................................................................................................. 66
Section 5: Cabin Crew .......................................................................................................................................................................... 68
5.1 Number and Composition of Cabin Crew ...................................................................................................................................... 68
5.1.1 Cabin Crew Safety Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................................ 68
5.1.2 Senior Cabin Crewmember ............................................................................................................................................................ 69
5.1.3 Other Cabin Crew............................................................................................................................................................................... 69
5.2 Cabin Crew Qualifications ................................................................................................................................................................... 69
5.3 Cabin Crew Uniforms ............................................................................................................................................................................ 70
5.4 Cabin Crew Medical Standards ......................................................................................................................................................... 71
5.4.1 Aeromedical Assessment ............................................................................................................................................................... 71
5.4.2 Alcohol, Drugs and Medication ..................................................................................................................................................... 71
5.5 Media and Social Media Policy .......................................................................................................................................................... 71
5.6 Human Factors ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 72
5.6.1 Human Factors Training .................................................................................................................................................................. 72
5.7 Crew Resource Management (CRM) ............................................................................................................................................... 73
5.7.1 CRM Training ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
5.8 Threat and Error Management (TEM) .............................................................................................................................................. 74
5.8.1 Threat and Error Management Framework .............................................................................................................................. 75
5.9 Cabin Crew Training .............................................................................................................................................................................. 78
5.9.1 Training Records ................................................................................................................................................................................ 79
5.9.2 Competency-based Training ......................................................................................................................................................... 79
Section 6: Communication .................................................................................................................................................................. 80
6.1 Authority Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................................. 80
6.2 Chain of Command ................................................................................................................................................................................ 80
2 5th Edition 2019

Introduction
6.3 Common Language ................................................................................................................................................................................ 81

6.4 Signals and Commands ........................................................................................................................................................................ 81
6.5 Read-Back Instructions ........................................................................................................................................................................ 82
6.6 Cooperation and Coordination .......................................................................................................................................................... 82
Section 7: Operator Policies ............................................................................................................................................................... 83
7.1 In-flight Entertainment (IFE) Systems .............................................................................................................................................. 83
7.2 Personal Transportation Devices ..................................................................................................................................................... 83
7.2.1 Operators’ Experience and Risk Assessment of PTDs ......................................................................................................... 84
7.2.2 Recommendations regarding PTDs ............................................................................................................................................ 84
7.3 Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) ................................................................................................................................................. 85
7.3.1 Transmitting and Non-transmitting Electronic Devices ....................................................................................................... 85
7.3.2 Aircraft Fitted With On-Board Connectivity .............................................................................................................................. 85
7.3.3 Use of Portable Electronic Devices on Board .......................................................................................................................... 86
7.3.4 Risk Assessment & Management - PEDs................................................................................................................................... 87
7.3.5 Permitted, Restricted and Prohibited Portable Electronic Devices ................................................................................. 88
7.3.6 Medical Portable Electronic Devices .......................................................................................................................................... 89
7.3.7 Monitoring PED Use in the Cabin .................................................................................................................................................. 89
7.3.8 Passenger Awareness of PED Policy .......................................................................................................................................... 90
7.3.9 Low-Visibility Operations................................................................................................................................................................. 90
7.3.10 Suspected Electromagnetic Interference Report ............................................................................................................. 90
7.3.11 Publication of PED policy ........................................................................................................................................................... 91
7.3.12 Cabin Crew Training ..................................................................................................................................................................... 91
7.3.13 PEDs Supplied By the Operator ............................................................................................................................................... 92
7.4 Non-certified Comfort Devices ......................................................................................................................................................... 94
7.4.1 Risk Assessment – Non-certified Comfort Devices .............................................................................................................. 95
7.4.2 Decision Tool – Comfort Devices ................................................................................................................................................. 96
7.5 Onboard Smoking Policy...................................................................................................................................................................... 97
7.5.1 Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Devices................................................................................................................................ 97
7.6 Carry-On Baggage.................................................................................................................................................................................. 98
7.6.1 Contents of Carry-on Baggage ..................................................................................................................................................... 98
7.6.2 Risk Assessment – Carry-on Baggage .................................................................................................................................... 100
7.6.3 Carry-on Baggage Allowance ..................................................................................................................................................... 101
7.6.4 Identification of Carry-on Baggage........................................................................................................................................... 102
7.6.5 Excess Carry-on Baggage............................................................................................................................................................ 102
7.6.6 Passenger Awareness of Carry-on Baggage ........................................................................................................................ 102
7.6.7 Responsibilities ................................................................................................................................................................................ 103
7.6.8 Oversized, Fragile and Special Articles ................................................................................................................................... 104
7.7 Smart luggage ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 104
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7.7.1 Smart Luggage with Integrated Lithium Batteries ............................................................................................................... 105

7.7.2 Smart Luggage with Integrated Active Devices ................................................................................................................... 105
7.7.3 Quick Reference ............................................................................................................................................................................... 106
7.7.4 Recommendations for Operators .............................................................................................................................................. 107
7.7.5 Smart luggage firefighting procedures.................................................................................................................................... 107
7.7.6 Safety Risk Assessment – Smart Luggage ............................................................................................................................. 108
7.8 Lithium Batteries ................................................................................................................................................................................... 108
7.8.1 Permitted carriage of Electronic Devices Containing Lithium Batteries ..................................................................... 109
7.8.2 Damaged or Faulty Lithium Batteries ....................................................................................................................................... 111
7.8.3 Carriage without Prior Approval of the Operator ................................................................................................................. 111
7.8.4 Carriage with Prior Approval of the Operator ........................................................................................................................ 111
7.8.5 Risk Assessment - Lithium Batteries ........................................................................................................................................ 112
7.8.6 Passenger Awareness of Lithium Batteries ........................................................................................................................... 113
7.9 Pets in the Passenger Cabin ............................................................................................................................................................ 114
7.10 Expectant Mothers .............................................................................................................................................................................. 114
7.11 Passengers of Size .............................................................................................................................................................................. 115
7.12 Non-discrimination .............................................................................................................................................................................. 115
Section 8: Carriage of Special Category Passengers ............................................................................................................... 116
8.1 Deportees, Prisoners, Persons in Custody and under Administrative Control.............................................................. 116
8.1.1 Determination of requirement for an escort .......................................................................................................................... 117
8.1.2 Procedures for carriage without an escort............................................................................................................................. 117
8.1.3 Procedures for carriage with an escort ................................................................................................................................... 117
8.1.4 General guidance for the transport of persons in lawful custody, persons under arrest, or convicted criminals
under escort........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 118
8.2 Unaccompanied Minors ..................................................................................................................................................................... 119
8.2.1 Risk Assessment – Unaccompanied Minors .......................................................................................................................... 119
8.2.2 Tracking of Unaccompanied Minors ......................................................................................................................................... 119
8.2.3 Care of Unaccompanied Minors on board .............................................................................................................................. 120
8.3 Passengers with children .................................................................................................................................................................. 120
8.4 Passengers with infants ..................................................................................................................................................................... 121
8.4.1 Infants reaching two years of age within the validity of ticket ......................................................................................... 121
8.4.2 Bassinets and infant floatation equipment ............................................................................................................................. 121
8.5 Child and infant restraints ................................................................................................................................................................. 121
8.5.1 Infant Restraint.................................................................................................................................................................................. 122
8.5.2 Child Restraint ................................................................................................................................................................................... 122
8.5.3 Policies and Procedures ............................................................................................................................................................... 122
8.5.4 Permitted Locations in the Cabin ............................................................................................................................................... 122
8.5.5 Awareness of Policy........................................................................................................................................................................ 123
8.6 Passengers with Reduced Mobility ................................................................................................................................................ 124
4 5th Edition 2019

Introduction
8.6.1 Categories and Codes ................................................................................................................................................................... 124

8.6.2 Boarding and Disembarking ........................................................................................................................................................ 125
8.6.3 Maximum Number and Requirement for Assistants ........................................................................................................... 125
8.6.4 Evacuation Procedure ................................................................................................................................................................... 126
8.6.5 Seating ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 126
8.6.6 Accessible Lavatories.................................................................................................................................................................... 126
8.7 Individual Safety Briefings ................................................................................................................................................................ 126
8.8 Incapacitated Passengers ................................................................................................................................................................ 127
8.8.1 Medical Clearance........................................................................................................................................................................... 127
8.8.2 Refusal or Removal of Incapacitated Passengers ............................................................................................................... 127
8.8.3 Disembarkation of Incapacitated Passengers...................................................................................................................... 127
8.8.4 Transit of Incapacitated Passengers ....................................................................................................................................... 127
8.8.5 Group Travel ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 128
8.8.6 Medical Information Form ............................................................................................................................................................ 128
8.8.7 Frequent Traveler’s Medical Card ............................................................................................................................................. 128
8.9 Medical Equipment .............................................................................................................................................................................. 128
8.9.1 Wheelchairs ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 128
8.9.2 Oxygen ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 129
8.9.3 Stretchers .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 129
8.9.4 Loading of Special Equipment .................................................................................................................................................... 129
8.9.5 Mobility Aids ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 129
8.10 Service Animals .................................................................................................................................................................................... 130
8.10.1 Emotional Support or Psychiatric Service Animals ....................................................................................................... 130
Section 9: Safety Equipment and Systems ................................................................................................................................. 131
9.1 Preflight Checks ................................................................................................................................................................................... 131
9.2 Usage of Equipment............................................................................................................................................................................ 132
9.3 Axes .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 132
9.4 Bassinets................................................................................................................................................................................................. 132
9.5 Cabin Crew Stations ........................................................................................................................................................................... 133
9.6 Cabin Crew High-visibility Outerwear ........................................................................................................................................... 133
9.7 Doors and Exits ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 134
9.8 Emergency Lighting ............................................................................................................................................................................ 135
9.9 Emergency Locator Transmitters .................................................................................................................................................. 135
9.10 Hand-held Fire Extinguishers .......................................................................................................................................................... 136
9.11 Automatic Fire Extinguishers........................................................................................................................................................... 136
9.12 Non-mandatory Firefighting Equipment ...................................................................................................................................... 137
9.13 Fixed Oxygen Systems ...................................................................................................................................................................... 137
9.14 Flashlights............................................................................................................................................................................................... 137
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9.15 Life Vests/Jackets and Floatation Devices ................................................................................................................................ 138

9.16 Megaphones .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 138
9.17 Passenger Address System ............................................................................................................................................................. 138
9.18 Passenger Safety Information Cards ............................................................................................................................................ 139
9.18.1 Design and Location.................................................................................................................................................................. 139
9.19 Passenger Seats................................................................................................................................................................................... 140
9.20 Seatbelts ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 140
9.20.1 “Y Fixing” Seatbelts .................................................................................................................................................................... 140
9.20.2 Airbag Seatbelts ......................................................................................................................................................................... 140
9.20.3 Three-point Seatbelts ............................................................................................................................................................... 141
9.20.4 Extension Seatbelts ................................................................................................................................................................... 141
9.20.5 Cabin Crew Seat Harness ........................................................................................................................................................ 141
9.21 Portable Oxygen Bottles .................................................................................................................................................................... 141
9.22 Protective Breathing Equipment..................................................................................................................................................... 142
9.23 Restraining Devices for Unruly Passengers ............................................................................................................................... 142
9.24 Safety Demonstration Kits ................................................................................................................................................................ 142
9.25 Slides, Slide/Rafts and Life Rafts .................................................................................................................................................... 143
9.26 Emergency/Survival Equipment...................................................................................................................................................... 143
9.27 Smoke Detectors ................................................................................................................................................................................. 144
Section 10: Aircraft Door Safety .................................................................................................................................................. 145
10.1 Risk Assessment – Door Procedures ........................................................................................................................................... 145
10.2 Operation of Aircraft Doors .............................................................................................................................................................. 146
10.2.1 Door Operation Policy .............................................................................................................................................................. 146
10.2.2 Cabin Crew Door Operating Responsibilities ................................................................................................................... 147
10.2.3 Departure - Door closing ......................................................................................................................................................... 147
10.2.4 Preparing Doors for Departure .............................................................................................................................................. 147
10.2.5 Preparing Doors for Arrival ..................................................................................................................................................... 148
10.2.6 Arrival – Door Opening.............................................................................................................................................................. 148
10.2.7 Signals ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 149
10.3 Removal of Ground Equipment from Aircraft Cabin Doors ................................................................................................... 149
10.4 Inadvertent Slide Deployment ......................................................................................................................................................... 150
10.4.1 Communication and coordination ........................................................................................................................................ 150
10.4.2 Stop Drop Review ....................................................................................................................................................................... 152
10.4.3 Cross Check Procedures ........................................................................................................................................................ 153
10.4.4 Reopening Of Cabin Doors ..................................................................................................................................................... 153
10.4.5 Door operation with a door checker .................................................................................................................................... 153
10.4.6 Threat and Error Management in Slide Deployment ..................................................................................................... 154
10.4.7 Establishment of memory aids .............................................................................................................................................. 154
6 5th Edition 2019

Introduction
10.4.8 Door Armed Warning Systems.............................................................................................................................................. 154

Section 11: Preflight ........................................................................................................................................................................ 156
11.1 Crew Briefings ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 156
11.1.1 Journey Briefing between Flight Crew and Cabin Crew............................................................................................... 156
11.1.2 Safety Briefing of Cabin Crew ................................................................................................................................................ 157
11.1.3 Service Briefing of Cabin Crew ............................................................................................................................................. 157
11.2 Aircraft Protection and Access Control of Restricted Areas............................................................................................... 157
11.2.1 Cabin Inspectors ........................................................................................................................................................................ 158
11.3 Security Search/Checks ................................................................................................................................................................... 158
11.3.1 Baggage Identification Check ............................................................................................................................................... 159
11.4 Safety Equipment Check................................................................................................................................................................... 159
11.5 Galley Checks ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 159
11.5.1 Reporting Defective Galley Equipment .............................................................................................................................. 159
11.6 Communication with Ground Staff ................................................................................................................................................ 159
11.7 Passenger Information List (PIL)..................................................................................................................................................... 160
11.8 Cabin Crew Positions for Boarding ............................................................................................................................................... 160
11.9 Passenger Seating .............................................................................................................................................................................. 160
11.9.1 Risk Assessment - Use of Crew Seats by Passengers................................................................................................. 161
11.10 Passenger Count ................................................................................................................................................................................. 161
11.10.1 Discrepancies.............................................................................................................................................................................. 161
11.11 Fueling with Passengers Embarking, On Board or Disembarking ...................................................................................... 162
11.12 Ordinance Signs ................................................................................................................................................................................... 163
11.12.1 No Smoking Sign ........................................................................................................................................................................ 163
11.12.2 Fasten Seatbelt Sign ................................................................................................................................................................. 163
11.12.3 Portable Electronic Device Sign ........................................................................................................................................... 163
11.13 Passenger Safety Briefing ................................................................................................................................................................ 163
11.13.1 Safety Announcements ........................................................................................................................................................... 164
11.13.2 Briefing of Passengers Seated Adjacent to Self-help Exits........................................................................................ 165
11.14 Cabin Service on the Ground in the Event of a Delay ............................................................................................................. 166
11.15 Deicing and Anti-icing ........................................................................................................................................................................ 166
Section 12: Departure ..................................................................................................................................................................... 167
12.1 Preparation for Aircraft Movement ............................................................................................................................................... 167
12.2 Preparation of Doors for Departure .............................................................................................................................................. 167
12.3 Cabin Secure Check ........................................................................................................................................................................... 167
12.4 Cabin Crew Seated for Departure.................................................................................................................................................. 168
12.5 Takeoff Signal ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 168
12.6 Silent Review ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 168
12.7 Sterile Flight Deck................................................................................................................................................................................ 170
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12.8 Entering and Leaving the Flight Deck ........................................................................................................................................... 170

Section 13: In Flight .......................................................................................................................................................................... 172
13.1 Cabin Services ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 172
13.1.1 Service of Hot Beverages ........................................................................................................................................................ 172
13.2 Monitoring the Cabin........................................................................................................................................................................... 173
13.3 Galley Safety .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 174
13.3.1 Use of Galley Equipment .......................................................................................................................................................... 174
13.3.2 Liquid Spillage from Galley Rubbish Bins and Drains .................................................................................................... 174
13.3.3 Use of Dry Ice ............................................................................................................................................................................... 175
13.3.4 Circuit Breakers........................................................................................................................................................................... 176
13.4 Service to Flight Crew......................................................................................................................................................................... 176
13.5 Service of Alcohol ................................................................................................................................................................................ 177
13.5.1 Cabin Crew Response to Signs of Intoxication ............................................................................................................... 178
13.6 Turbulence .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 178
13.6.1 Risk Assessment – Turbulence ............................................................................................................................................. 179
13.6.2 Levels of Turbulence ................................................................................................................................................................. 179
13.6.3 Causes of turbulence ................................................................................................................................................................ 180
13.6.4 Proactive Fasten Seat Belt Policy ......................................................................................................................................... 180
13.6.5 Communication ........................................................................................................................................................................... 181
13.6.6 Anticipated turbulence ............................................................................................................................................................. 181
13.6.7 Unanticipated turbulence ........................................................................................................................................................ 181
13.6.8 Cabin Crew Response .............................................................................................................................................................. 181
13.6.9 Turbulence reporting ................................................................................................................................................................ 183
13.7 Dangerous Goods ................................................................................................................................................................................ 184
Section 14: Descent and Landing ................................................................................................................................................. 185
14.1 Descent.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 185
14.2 Passenger Briefing Prior to Landing .............................................................................................................................................. 185
14.3 Return of Coats, Jackets and Other Clothing ............................................................................................................................ 185
14.4 Pre-landing Cabin Secure Checks ................................................................................................................................................. 185
14.5 Descent and Landing Signals .......................................................................................................................................................... 185
14.6 Cabin Crew Seated for Landing and Arrival ................................................................................................................................ 185
Section 15: Arrival ............................................................................................................................................................................ 186
15.1 Preparation of Doors for Arrival ...................................................................................................................................................... 186
15.2 Door Opening ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 186
15.3 Passenger Disembarkation .............................................................................................................................................................. 186
15.4 Post disembarkation ........................................................................................................................................................................... 186
Section 16: Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ................................................................................................................ 187
16.1 Management of Emergencies.......................................................................................................................................................... 187
8 5th Edition 2019

Introduction
16.1.1 Levels of Stress .......................................................................................................................................................................... 187

16.1.2 Landing Categories ................................................................................................................................................................... 187
16.1.3 Unplanned and Planned Emergencies ............................................................................................................................... 187
16.1.4 Urgent Communication ............................................................................................................................................................ 187
16.1.5 Managing Filming During Emergencies ............................................................................................................................. 187
16.2 Crewmember Incapacitation ........................................................................................................................................................... 188
16.2.1 Flight Crew Incapacitation ...................................................................................................................................................... 188
16.2.2 Suggested Cabin Crew Incapacitation Drill ...................................................................................................................... 189
16.3 Cabin Pressurization ........................................................................................................................................................................... 189
16.3.1 Non-pressurization .................................................................................................................................................................... 189
16.3.2 Depressurization ........................................................................................................................................................................ 189
16.3.3 Hypoxia .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 190
16.3.4 Guidance for Depressurization Procedures ..................................................................................................................... 191
16.3.5 Suggested Cabin Crew Depressurization Drill ................................................................................................................ 192
16.4 Rapid Deplaning ................................................................................................................................................................................... 192
16.4.1 Suggested Cabin Crew Rapid Deplaning Drill .................................................................................................................. 193
16.5 Emergency Evacuations.................................................................................................................................................................... 193
16.5.1 Initiating Evacuation .................................................................................................................................................................. 194
16.5.2 Unplanned Emergency Evacuation ..................................................................................................................................... 194
16.5.3 Planned Emergency Evacuation ........................................................................................................................................... 194
16.5.4 The Brace Position..................................................................................................................................................................... 197
16.5.5 Suggested Cabin Crew Drill – Emergency Evacuation ................................................................................................. 200
16.5.6 Carry-on Baggage during an Evacuation........................................................................................................................... 200
16.5.7 The Effect of Smoke and Fire during Evacuation ........................................................................................................... 201
16.5.8 Slide Evacuation with Infants and Young Children ......................................................................................................... 201
16.5.9 Passenger Commands during an Emergency ................................................................................................................. 202
16.5.10 Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Signals ........................................................................................................................... 204
16.5.11 Evacuation of Cabin Crew ....................................................................................................................................................... 205
16.5.12 Post-evacuation ......................................................................................................................................................................... 205
16.5.13 Ditching.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 206
16.6 Fire............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 207
16.6.1 Prevention and Early Detection ............................................................................................................................................ 207
16.6.2 Smoke and Burning Odors ...................................................................................................................................................... 208
16.6.3 Hidden Fires ................................................................................................................................................................................. 209
16.6.4 Fighting a Fire .............................................................................................................................................................................. 210
16.6.5 Lithium Battery Fires ................................................................................................................................................................. 211
16.7 Cabin Fume Events.............................................................................................................................................................................. 213
16.8 Escaped Animals in the Cabin ......................................................................................................................................................... 214
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16.8.1 Prevention ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 214

16.8.2 Indicators....................................................................................................................................................................................... 214
16.8.3 Assessment .................................................................................................................................................................................. 214
16.8.4 Potential Hazards and Suggested Containment Method ............................................................................................ 215
16.8.5 Suggested Cabin Crew Drill – Escaped Wildlife Inflight ................................................................................................ 215
Section 17: Security ......................................................................................................................................................................... 216
17.1 IATA Security Management Systems Manual ............................................................................................................................ 216
17.2 Liquids, Aerosols and Gels (LAGs) ................................................................................................................................................. 216
17.2.1 Medical and Special Dietary Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 217
17.2.2 LAGS Purchased as Duty Free............................................................................................................................................... 217
17.3 Powders ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 217
17.4 Reinforced Flight Deck Door ............................................................................................................................................................ 218
17.5 Unruly Passengers ............................................................................................................................................................................... 218
17.5.1 Company Policy .......................................................................................................................................................................... 218
17.5.2 Levels of Threat .......................................................................................................................................................................... 221
17.5.3 Contributing factors .................................................................................................................................................................. 223
17.5.4 Preventative Measures............................................................................................................................................................. 223
17.5.5 Identification of and Response to Unruly/Disruptive Passengers ............................................................................ 224
17.5.6 Warning Cards ............................................................................................................................................................................. 226
17.5.7 Restraining Devices ................................................................................................................................................................... 227
17.5.8 Post incident ................................................................................................................................................................................ 227
17.5.9 Legal Aspects .............................................................................................................................................................................. 227
17.5.10 Police Involvement ..................................................................................................................................................................... 228
17.5.11 The Role of the Pilot-in-Command ....................................................................................................................................... 229
17.5.12 Reporting of Incidents and Required Documentation for Prosecution .................................................................. 229
17.6 Trafficking in Persons ......................................................................................................................................................................... 230
17.6.1 The Role of Aviation in the Fight Against Human Trafficking...................................................................................... 230
17.7 Theft on Board ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 230
17.7.1 On the ground .............................................................................................................................................................................. 231
17.7.2 In the Air ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 231
17.8 Crew Protection During Layovers .................................................................................................................................................. 232
17.8.1 Civil Unrest, Major Incidents and Terrorist Attacks........................................................................................................ 233
Section 18: Health and Medical Care On Board ....................................................................................................................... 234
18.1 Cabin Insect Extermination (Disinsectization/Disinsecting) ................................................................................................. 234
18.1.1 Method 1: Preflight and top of descent combined......................................................................................................... 234
18.1.2 Method 2: Blocks Away ............................................................................................................................................................ 234
18.1.3 Method 3: Residual..................................................................................................................................................................... 234
18.1.4 Proof of Disinsecting/Disinsectization ............................................................................................................................... 234
10 5th Edition 2019

Introduction
18.1.5 Risk Assessment - Disinsectization .................................................................................................................................... 235

18.2 Medical Care Policy ............................................................................................................................................................................. 235
18.3 Passive Screening of Passengers ................................................................................................................................................. 236
18.4 Medical Event Process ...................................................................................................................................................................... 237
18.5 Reporting of Medical Incidents ....................................................................................................................................................... 237
18.6 When to Cease Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) ......................................................................................................... 238
18.7 Handling of a Death on Board .......................................................................................................................................................... 238
18.8 Carriage of Medical Portable Electronic Devices (MPEDs)................................................................................................... 239
18.8.1 Airway Pressure Devices......................................................................................................................................................... 239
18.8.2 Portable Oxygen Concentrators .......................................................................................................................................... 239
18.8.3 Acceptance and Use of MPEDs ............................................................................................................................................ 239
18.9 Emergency Equipment and Supplies............................................................................................................................................ 239
18.9.1 First Aid Kits ................................................................................................................................................................................. 239
18.9.2 Medical Kit .................................................................................................................................................................................... 240
18.9.3 Universal Precaution Kits ........................................................................................................................................................ 240
18.9.4 Automatic External Defibrillators ......................................................................................................................................... 240
18.9.5 Survival Equipment .................................................................................................................................................................... 240
18.10 Training .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 241
18.11 Cabin Crew Manual.............................................................................................................................................................................. 241
18.12 Cabin Crew Protection ....................................................................................................................................................................... 241
18.13 Crew Immunization .............................................................................................................................................................................. 241
18.14 Carriage of Passengers with Communicable Diseases ......................................................................................................... 241
Section 19: Food and Hygiene ...................................................................................................................................................... 242
19.1 Acceptance of Catering Supplies on Aircraft ............................................................................................................................ 242
19.2 Crew Service Briefings ....................................................................................................................................................................... 242
19.3 Hygiene and Sanitation ...................................................................................................................................................................... 242
19.3.1 Risks and Prevention ................................................................................................................................................................ 242
19.3.2 Personal Hygiene ....................................................................................................................................................................... 243
19.3.3 Galley Equipment ....................................................................................................................................................................... 243
19.3.4 Special Cleaning ......................................................................................................................................................................... 244
19.4 Food Safety ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 244
19.4.1 Adequate Temperature............................................................................................................................................................ 245
19.4.2 Keeping Food at the Correct Temperature ...................................................................................................................... 245
19.4.3 Heating Process ......................................................................................................................................................................... 245
19.4.4 Insects and Foreign Objects .................................................................................................................................................. 245
19.5 Suspected Food Poisoning .............................................................................................................................................................. 245
19.6 Allergen Management ........................................................................................................................................................................ 245
19.7 Special Meals ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 246
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Edition 2019 11
19.8 Potable Water and Ice ........................................................................................................................................................................ 247

19.8.1 IATA Drinking-Water Quality Pool ........................................................................................................................................ 247
19.9 Feedback from Passengers and Crew ......................................................................................................................................... 247
19.10 Reporting of Service Delivery Irregularities ................................................................................................................................ 247
Section 20: References and Appendices .................................................................................................................................. 248
20.1 Phonetic Alphabet................................................................................................................................................................................ 248
20.2 References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 248
20.2.1 Expanded use of PEDs ............................................................................................................................................................. 248
20.2.2 Electronic cigarettes ................................................................................................................................................................. 249
20.2.3 Evacuation..................................................................................................................................................................................... 249
20.2.4 Lithium Batteries ......................................................................................................................................................................... 249
20.3 Related Organizations ........................................................................................................................................................................ 250
Appendix A – Cabin Crew Checklist for Fires Involving Batteries and Portable Electronic Devices (PED) .......................... 252
Appendix B – Amplified Cabin Crew Checklist for Fires Involving Batteries and Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) .... 255
Appendix C – Sample Fatigue Report Form for Cabin Crew.................................................................................................................. 261
Appendix D – Sample Unruly Passenger Policy ......................................................................................................................................... 263
Appendix E - Sample Airline Violation Warning .......................................................................................................................................... 266
Appendix F - Sample Passenger Notification Card .................................................................................................................................. 267
Appendix G – Sample Unruly Passenger Incident Report ...................................................................................................................... 268
Appendix H – Sample Briefing to Authorities Cards ................................................................................................................................. 272
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Introduction

Section 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13

4.2.2 Components of a FRMS ................................................................................................................................................................... 60

2 5th Edition 2019

6.3 Common Language ................................................................................................................................................................................ 81

7.7.1 Smart Luggage with Integrated Lithium Batteries ............................................................................................................... 105

4 5th Edition 2019

8.6.1 Categories and Codes ................................................................................................................................................................... 124

9.15 Life Vests/Jackets and Floatation Devices ................................................................................................................................ 138

6 5th Edition 2019

10.4.8 Door Armed Warning Systems.............................................................................................................................................. 154

12.8 Entering and Leaving the Flight Deck ........................................................................................................................................... 170

8 5th Edition 2019

16.1.1 Levels of Stress .......................................................................................................................................................................... 187

16.8.1 Prevention ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 214

10 5th Edition 2019

18.1.5 Risk Assessment - Disinsectization .................................................................................................................................... 235

19.8 Potable Water and Ice ........................................................................................................................................................................ 247

12 5th Edition 2019

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