LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND

INFORMATION LITERACY Illegal Downloading - refers to obtaining files that you do not have the
right to use from the Internet. Illegal Downloading Sites Legal
• Copyright - a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, Downloading Sites The Pirate Bay iTunes Kickass.to Yahoo Music
musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that TorrentDownloads.me Amazon YTS.ag Netflix RARBG.to Ruckus
work. Copyright owners have the right to control the reproduction
of their work, including the right to receive payment for that Digital Piracy - the practice of illegally copying and selling digital music,
reproduction. An author may grant or sell those rights to others, video, computer software, etc.
including publishers or recording companies. Violation of a
copyright is called infringement. Identity Theft - is the deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually
• Plagiarism - an act or instance of using or closely imitating the as a method to gain a financial advantage or obtain credit and other
language and thoughts of another author without authorization; the benefits in the other person's name, and perhaps to the other person's
representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not disadvantage or loss
crediting the original author.
• Cyber Bullying - bullying that takes place online, or using electronic Cyber Defamation - is an unprivileged false statement of fact which
technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over tends to harm the reputation of a person or company.
communication tools including social media sites, text messages, 2 Types of Defamation: 1. Libel - written 2. Slander - verbal
chat, and websites. Examples of cyber bullying: text messages or
emails composed to insult or demean; rumors or false statements Cybersex - also called computer sex, Internet sex, netsex • is a virtual
spread by email or posted on social networking sites; and sex encounter in which two or more people (connected remotely via
humiliating photos, videos, websites, or fake profiles deliberately internet) send each other sexually explicit contents or sexually explicit
shared across social media. acts
• Computer addiction - the excessive use of computers to the extent Child Pornography - is a form of child sexual exploitation
that it interferes with daily life. This excessive use may for example
interfere with work or sleep, result in problems with social Cybersquatting - is registering, trafficking in, or using an Internet domain
interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and thought processes. name with bad faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark
• Digital divide - an economic inequality between groups in terms of belonging to someone else. The cybersquatter then offers to sell the
access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT. The divide within countries domain to the person or company who owns a trademark contained
(such as the digital divide in the United States) can refer to within the name at an inflated price.
inequalities between individuals, households, businesses, and
geographic areas at different socioeconomic (and other Copyright - a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic,
demographic) levels. The Global digital divide designates countries musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that
as the units of analysis, and examines the divide between work. Copyright owners have the right to control the reproduction of their
developing and developed countries on an international scale. work, including the right to receive payment for that reproduction.
Violation of a copyright is called infringement.
Republic Act No. 10175 - Or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 - is
a law in the Philippines approved on September 12, 2012 which aims to Plagiarism - an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language
address legal issues concerning online interactions and the Internet and thoughts of another author without authorization; the representation
of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author
Republic Act No. 10175 Among the cybercrime offenses included in the
bill are cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft, illegal Fair Use is a legal concept that allows the reproduction of copyrighted
access to data and libel. material for certain purposes without obtaining permission and without
paying a fee. Purposes permitting the application of fair use generally
So what is Cyber? include review, news reporting, teaching, or scholarly research.
CYBER means … • relating to, or involving computers or computer
networks (such as the Internet) Computer Addiction - the excessive use of computers to the extent that
it interferes with daily life. This excessive use may for example interfere
Cyberspace - refers to the virtual computer world, and more specifically, with work or sleep, result in problems with social interaction, or affect
is an electronic medium used to form a global computer network to mood, relationships and thought processes.
facilitate online communication
Digital Divide - an economic inequality between groups in terms of
Cybercrime - refers to the criminal activities carried out by means of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT. The divide within countries can
computers or the Internet refer to inequalities between individuals, households, businesses, and
geographic areas at different socioeconomic (and other demographic)
Cyberbullying - the use of electronic communication to bully a person, levels
typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature
Virtual Self - The persona you create about yourself virtually
Hacking - refers to the practice of modifying or altering computer
software and hardware to accomplish a goal that is considered to be Netiquette • the correct or acceptable way of communicating on the
outside of the creator's original objective. Hacking Those individuals Internet.
who engage in computer hacking activities are typically referred to as
“hackers”.

Phishing - is the attempt to obtain sensitive information such as

usernames, passwords, and credit card details (and, indirectly, money),
often for malicious reasons, by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an
electronic communication.