Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sustainable Rural Entrpreneurship
Sustainable Rural Entrpreneurship
Abstract: Rural entrepreneurship can be considered as one of the solutions to reduce poverty, migration and develop
employment in rural environments. In this study, the necessity of sustainable entrepreneurship, the effective factors
and the barriers to entrepreneurship in rural area will be described. In this regard, a model has been considered to
create a sustainable rural entrepreneurship area by establishing a logical connection between the effective factors in
entrepreneurship. Some of the most important challenges that can be pointed out are: lack of access to capital and
facilities, problems in supplying goods and services, emphasis on an industry or particular business, low possibility
risk in villages and lack of supporting organizations. Review and analysis of rural entrepreneurship in order to
achieve sustainability. This research in implementation process is qualitative and in objective is descriptive and then
analytic. The results indicate that comprehensive development can never be obtained without rural development and
in order to achieve this goal the best investment is creating a context for sustainable entrepreneurship and its
promotion in rural area since the entrepreneurship has this ability to identify resources, opportunities and problems
available in the context while devising new solutions to move toward developing of different aspects of village and
environment.
Corresponding Author: Bahareh Ansari, Department of Agricultural Development, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Tehran, Iran, No 7, Ramsar Dead End, Sadist Reed, Valiasr Cross, Tabriz, Iran, Tel.: 0098-
9355746603
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Res. J. Environ. Earth Sci., 5(1): 26-31, 2013
Fig. 1: Data collection process model In order to resolve problems in rural populations,
entrepreneurship is considered as one of the effective
effective factors, barriers and limitations available in strategies in the present age; a model to achieve the
rural entrepreneurship studied. objectives of socio-economic development.
METHODOLOGY Emphasis on sustainable rural entrepreneurship:
Today, entrepreneurship has taken its place in all
This study in implementation process is qualitative, development debates and many researchers are trying to
in objective descriptive and then analytic and in results investigate entrepreneurship development in relevant
is also developmental. Library and digital studies have departments according to their specialized subject.
been applied to collect information from resources and Perhaps, rural development is one of the most important
reliable documents (Fig. 1). Research scope in this sets which have always paid attention to
study is the investigation of sustainable rural entrepreneurship discussion.
entrepreneurship. The most important topic in debates about rural
development is non-farm employment creation and in
Questions: this regard empowering the villagers is very important.
Generally, the role of entrepreneurship in rural
How can sustainable rural entrepreneurship as a
development is as follows:
strategic factor have a role in development?
What are the effective factors, barriers and Villagers access to the required goods and services
constraints available in rural entrepreneurship? Economic growth of villages
Reducing immigration to cities
Objectives:
Promoting the level of social security and welfare
Identifying and investigating the mechanism of in villages
rural entrepreneurship and its development for Encouraging to create new business
sustainability Encouraging to develop existing jobs
Providing appropriate solutions for development of
Entrepreneurship development in village:
sustainable rural entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship development in village requires
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS emphasis on three basic prerequisite as follows:
Problems of rural populations: Scholars and policy Entrepreneurship culture: Entrepreneurship culture is
makers in different countries pay special attention a kind of social culture to encourage entrepreneurial
towards rural development and resolving their behavior. A few basic goals are followed in
problems. International experts believe that separate development of entrepreneurship culture:
from macro policies and macro strategies for economic
development, the development of villages and poverty Creating the conditions for training rural
eradication governing them should also be particularly entrepreneurs
and clearly considered (Mirza and Reza, 2004). Encouraging villagers to active participation in
To mention the importance of entrepreneurship in rural entrepreneurship plans
rural areas, some of the most important problems in Encouraging governmental and nongovernmental
rural populations should be first pointed out: organization to support entrepreneurial activities in
village (Shafeghat et al., 2008)
Widespread poverty in rural
areas Inequality within rural Training: Establish and administer an active economic
population Rural migrations unit in villages requires familiarity with a wide range of
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knowledge and skills that rural youths often have low training, culture and custom, laws, policies and
level of skill in this area. One of the major policies of technical knowledge; it can have different effects in
entrepreneurship development in villages is holding regard to behavioral, economic and social patterns and
entrepreneurship training courses and providing etc. Therefore, based on opportunities and obstacles
counseling in this regard. Four groups of skills required facing rural entrepreneurs, these factors can lead
by entrepreneurs in these educational programs are entrepreneurs to high success. Primary emotions and
emphasized: motivation, excitement, enthusiasm, interest and
commitment can be the key for their success (Eftekhari
Scientific and technical skills based on the type of and Hamdolah, 2011).
industrial activity By an overview, classification of economic, social,
Management skills including: Financial environmental and institutional factors effective on
management, marketing, administrative and rural entrepreneurship are pointed out based on
personnel affairs sustainable development principles which are:
Entrepreneurial skills including: Ability to
recognize and use of new opportunities in the Economical factors: Nowadays, rural development
market and provide innovative solutions to deal strategies has been revised and poverty reduction
with challenges through economic growth emphasized in many national
Personnel skills including: Self-reliance, self- and international institutions, therefore economic
confidence, creativity, responsibility development in rural areas needs new strategies which
this is possible by developing entrepreneurship and
Staffs who achieve higher level of required skills enabling environmental policies (Davis, 2004).
can transform their companies from a fledgling People’s attempts in rural areas to achieve
company to a developing and competitive company in economical sustainability can be increased by applying
global arena (Shafeghat et al., 2008) local entrepreneurs; since focusing on local economic
resources through local entrepreneurship development
Development of infrastructures and is one of economic development methods in these
superstructures: Providing access to capital areas.
particularly capital at risk, granting loan to In general, the main assumption in economic
entrepreneurs, development of transport facilities and facing with entrepreneurship in rural areas is rational
expansion of information and communication systems, behavior of rural residents with scarce resources. In this
connection to information resources and public regard, entrepreneurship is considered as a mechanism
knowledge, expansion of life facilities in village and which provides the optimal allocation of resources by
cases like these provide the conditions to develop recognizing the strengths and future opportunities along
entrepreneurship in villages. The countries in this with weaknesses and threats in rural areas (Heaton,
regard, provide major policies to create 2005).
entrepreneurship infrastructures; few basic policies are: Therefore, capital and investors attraction in rural
areas, granting loans and low-interest credits to
Granting tax relief villagers, increasing villagers’ awareness toward
Supporting small and medium industries for domestic and foreign markets and consumers’
modernization requirements, diversifying productions and rural
Encouraging small and medium industries to activities particularly agriculture as dominant activity,
develop cooperation and network formation developing processing and complementary industries in
(Shafeghat et al., 2008) rural areas and etc., should be noticed in economic
aspect (Eftekhari and Hamdolah, 2011), because an
Effective factors on success of sustainable rural entrepreneurship activity with high effectiveness leads
entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial environment has to economic development (including employment
been defined as an important factor in entrepreneurship creation, innovation activities and competitiveness)
development in certain areas (Gnyawali and Fogel, (Verheul et al., 2001).
1994). If entrepreneurship due to nature of
multidimensional, interdisciplinary and innovation and Social factors: Up to now, social and cultural factors
entrepreneurs due to having simultaneous divergent and have been the result from prejudice look at
convergent thoughts are directed appropriately and entrepreneurship, since an individual that creates new
necessary conditions for such persons provided, it can ideas has social backgrounds such as the characteristics
have various effects on different fields of personal and of family, community customs, participation and
social life. Meanwhile, an entrepreneurship activity can cooperation, friends, relatives and neighbors which can
be formed in rural population under different factors assist in achieving success. So, Alison emphasizes on
such as personal characteristics and motivation, social characteristics such as existing roles in the
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Fig. 4: Model of sustainable rural entrepreneurship (Review and process of research from authors)
This kind of entrepreneurship in rural areas will be In total, preparation of economic and social
provided with regard to technical knowledge and environment in villages is very effective in recruitment
human capital in formal and indigenous knowledge, of young and skilled manpower and specialist; and also
resources, financial capital and cooperative fields in expansion of agriculture activities as the main strategy
entrepreneurship (Fig. 4). to create and strengthen rural entrepreneurship in regard
to sustainable development of these areas.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
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